Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 54 views

    Pre-Analysis: Example: Steady One-Dimensional Heat Conduction in A Bar

    Uploaded by

    Riyaz Riyaz
    1. The document describes applying the finite element method to solve the one-dimensional steady heat conduction equation in a bar. 2. It involves discretizing the bar into elements, assuming a piecewise polynomial shape for temperature within each element, and deriving a system of algebraic equations relating the nodal temperatures. 3. Increasing the number of elements or using higher order polynomials can reduce errors between the finite element solution and the exact solution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Pre-Analysis: Example: Steady One-Dimensional Heat Conduction in A Bar

    Uploaded by

    Riyaz Riyaz
    54 views12 pages
    1. The document describes applying the finite element method to solve the one-dimensional steady heat conduction equation in a bar. 2. It involves discretizing the bar into elements, assuming a piecewise polynomial shape for temperature within each element, and deriving a system of algebraic equations relating the nodal temperatures. 3. Increasing the number of elements or using higher order polynomials can reduce errors between the finite element solution and the exact solution.

    Original Title

    Handout_1.3_FEA_BigIdeas_WithNotes.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. The document describes applying the finite element method to solve the one-dimensional steady heat conduction equation in a bar. 2. It involves discretizing the bar into elements, assuming a piecewise polynomial shape for temperature within each element, and deriving a system of algebraic equations relating the nodal temperatures. 3. Increasing the number of elements or using higher order polynomials can reduce errors between the finite element solution and the exact solution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    54 views12 pages

    Pre-Analysis: Example: Steady One-Dimensional Heat Conduction in A Bar

    Uploaded by

    Riyaz Riyaz
    1. The document describes applying the finite element method to solve the one-dimensional steady heat conduction equation in a bar. 2. It involves discretizing the bar into elements, assuming a piecewise polynomial shape for temperature within each element, and deriving a system of algebraic equations relating the nodal temperatures. 3. Increasing the number of elements or using higher order polynomials can reduce errors between the finite element solution and the exact solution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Pre-Analysis

    1. Mathematical model
    2. Numerical solution procedure
    3. Hand-calculations of expected results/trends

    Example: Steady One-Dimensional


    Heat Conduction in a Bar
    y

    x
    z

    We are interested in finding the temperature


    distribution in the bar due to heat conduction

    Energy Conservation for an


    Infinitesimal Control Volume
    Infinitesimal
    Control Volume

    Mathematical Model: Governing


    Equation and Boundary Conditions
    Governing equation

    = 0,

    Boundary conditions

    0 =

    q L = q =

    Exact solution is straightforward

    Numerical Solution:
    Discretization
    Reduce the problem to determining temperature
    values at selected locations (nodes)
    T
    1

    x
    We have assumed a shape for ( ) consisting of piecewise
    polynomials

    How to Find Nodal


    Temperatures ?
    System of
    Invert
    algebraic
    equations in nodal
    temperatures

    Mathematical Model
    (Boundary Value
    Problem)
    Piecewise
    polynomial
    approximation for T

    ={ }

    Each algebraic
    equation will
    relate a nodal
    temperature to
    its neighbors

    Nodal
    temperatures

    Post
    processing

    ( )

    How to Derive System of Algebraic


    Equations?
    Piecewise
    polynomial
    approximation for T

    =0

    System of algebraic
    eqs. in nodal
    temperatures

    Piecewise polynomial
    approximation for T

    Weighted Integral
    Form

    =0

    ( ) is an
    arbitrary function

    =0

    (x) is an
    arbitrary piecewise
    polynomial function

    System of algebraic eqs.


    in nodal temperatures

    How to Derive System of Algebraic


    Equations?
    Piecewise polynomial
    approximation for T

    dx = 0

    (x) is an
    arbitrary piecewise
    polynomial function

    System of algebraic eqs.


    in nodal temperatures

    Integration by Parts

    w k

    =0

    w k

    dT

    1
    w

    =0

    =0

    dT

    + 0.5

    + 0.5 +

    =0

    w k

    dT

    +w

    w k

    dT

    =0

    =0

    + 0.5 +

    dT

    k
    3

    dT

    w k

    1
    w

    dT

    dT

    =0

    =0

    3
    + 0.5

    + 0.5 +

    =0

    ={ }

    w k
    1

    dT

    k
    3

    dT

    ={ }

    dT

    w k

    1
    w

    + 0.5
    +

    + 0.5 +

    dT

    =0

    =0

    w k

    dT

    =0

    k
    2

    dT

    4
    ={ }

    = 0.5

    = 0.5 +

    Essential Boundary Conditions

    =T

    = 0.5 +

    = 0.5Q

    Comparison of Finite-Element and Exact


    Solutions
    Nodal temperature values are exact
    Unusual property of 1D FE solution

    Temperature boundary condition is


    satisfied exactly
    Flux boundary condition is satisfied
    approximately

    Comparison of / between FiniteElement and Exact Solutions


    Error in / > Error in
    Energy is not conserved for
    each element

    Reaction at Left Boundary

    =
    =
    5.5 W/m
    Energy is
    conserved for
    the bar

    10

    How to Improve the Polynomial


    Approximation?
    Increase no. of elements
    Increase order of polynomial
    within each element

    Original Mesh
    2

    Use more nodes per


    element

    Refined Mesh
    1

    Second-Order Element

    Error Reduction: Results


    3 elements

    6 elements

    1 element, secondorder polynomial

    11

    Finite-Element Analysis: Summary of


    the Big Ideas
    Mathematical model to be solved is usually a boundary value
    problem
    Reduce the problem to solving selected variable(s) at selected
    locations (nodes)
    Assume a shape for selected variable(s) within each element
    Derive system of algebraic equations relating neighboring nodal
    values
    Invert this system to determine selected variable(s) at nodes
    Derive everything else from selected variable(s) at nodes

    Finite-Element Analysis: Summary of


    the Big Ideas
    Reduce error by using more elements and/or
    increasing the order of interpolation
    Finite-element solution doesnt satisfy the
    differential equation(s)
    Satisfies a special weighted integral form

    Essential boundary conditions are satisfied


    exactly
    Natural or gradient boundary conditions are
    satisfied approximately

    12

    You might also like