Powerpoint Animal Behaviour Presentation

Types of Adaptations
There are three main forms

Structural Adaptations
Physiological Adaptations
Behvioural Adaptations
What do they all have in common?
Enhancing survival
Structural Adaptations
Structural adaptations are physical
features of an organism like the bill on a
bird or the fur on a bear.
Physiological Adaptations
Physiological adaptationspermit the
organism to perform special functions (for
instance, making venom, secreting slime,
phototropism)
They involve different systems working
together.
Behavioural Adaptations
Behavioral adaptationsare the things
organisms do to survive. For example,
bird calls and migration arebehavioral
adaptations
Animal Behaviour
What do you think of when the words
animal behaviour are mentioned? Can
you think of any examples?
What do we define as
behaviour?
In biology,behaviourrefers to the
coordinated activities of an animal
produced in response to internal or
external stimuli.
Behaviour occurs when a stimuli
is detected by sensory organs,
which transmits the information
through the nervous system,
initiating a response.
E.g. touching a hot surface
Stimuli and responses
Source:
http://hubpages.com/hub/Here-is-what-happens-when-you-ac
cidentally-touch-a-hot-pot#
Innate vs Learned
Behaviour
Innate: Behaviour that is not
learned, but occurs instinctively.
There is no conscious decision, it
just happens.
Yawning
Learned: Modification of
behavioural response to a stimulus
based on previous experience.
Covering your mouth as you yawn.
Forms of Learning
Behaviour
Imprinting: occurs during a defined,
short learning period.
e.g. ducklings following their mother.
Habituation: gradual fading of a

response once stimulus is found to be safe
or irrelevant.
e.g. scarecrows
Associative Learning: e.g. classical
Associative Learning:
Operant Conditioning
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnf8i_IRCcw
Forms of Learning
Behaviour
Trial and Error: Learning from
mistakes.
Observational Learning: Learning
from watching others
Insight Learning: Solving a problem
by thinking about it, not simply trial and
error.
Revision of Animal
Behaviour
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hREwakXmAo#t=362
Work time...
Complete the table below. Try to look beyond
the textbook for examples of these types of
behaviour.
Individual Behaviour is defined as...
Social Behaviour is defined as ...
Form of Individual Behaviour
Definition
Stimuli that involved in this behaviour
Give an example of this behaviour in the

Animal Kingdom.
Innate (Inborn)
Instinctive
Imprinting
Habituation
Associative Learning:
Classical or Operant
Conditioning
Trial and Error

Learning
Observational
Learning
Insight Learning
What do all these different

types of behaviour have in
common?
Behaviour for
Maintenance
Animals carry out activities like
eating, drinking, regulating
temperature or finding/making
shelter. Why?
These adaptations allow them to
survive and maintain their wellbeing
Behaviour for
Maintenance
Rhythmic activities:
Circadian = 24 hour cycle. Endogenously
generated but can be influenced by
external cues.
Brain activity, cell repair, hormone production all linked to the 24
hour cycle..
Lunar Cycles = Tides are linked to the

lunar cycle, induces feeding or
reproductive activity.
Instead of watches or calendars, animals

have biological clocks, internal timers
Behaviour for
Maintenance
Movement: Assists in shelter, food,
finding mates.
Feeding Behaviour:
Knowing what to eat and how to eat it.
Behaviour for
Maintenance
Predator Avoidance:
Defence mechanisms such as a rattlesnakes
rattle to warn predators not to attack.
Feeding in a large school to lower the risk of
being eaten.
Behaviour for
Maintenance
Homeostatic behaviour: Control of internal environment.
Dogs panting, humans sweating.
Grooming and preening

Maintaining feathers helps with flight
Looking good can aid in finding a mate.
Home-building
Need to know how to build shelter if it is needed. E.g. nests, burrows, houses.
Territorial behaviour
Defending an area or resource, or a nest site to protect offspring. Takes energy but means it doesnt
have to share resources.
It is good to be social!
Communication between members of the same
species via:
Chemicals (Pheromones) that carry messages of danger or reproduction
Visual signals (Colours) differentiate sexes. Requires light to be seen.
Auditory (Sounds) can be transmitted long distances. Requires organs to send
and receive the sounds. e.g. human speech.
Touch: direct communication but have to be in close proximity
Body language
Communication can improve the defence of resources, ability to find

food, evade predators and raise their offspring (as life is easier with
help).
Can also be used to keep unwanted individuals away.
Fish Cleaning Station

Communication between members of different species. How can
this be taken advantage of?
Social Communication
Social communication can be
aggressive, defensive or cooperative.
Dominance: One individual gets the
best access to resources (food,
mates etc.)
Cultural: Info passed from
generation to generation nongenetically, such as tips for survival.

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Types of Adaptations

There are three main forms

Stimuli and responses

Habituation: gradual fading of a

Associative Learning: e.g. classical

Form of Individual Behaviour

Stimuli that involved in this behaviour

Give an example of this behaviour in the

Trial and Error

What do all these different

Lunar Cycles = Tides are linked to the

Instead of watches or calendars, animals

Grooming and preening

Communication can improve the defence of resources, ability to find

Fish Cleaning Station

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