Plants Present in Each Bed

Mata Bejuco, Suncho hembra

Barbascu, Soliman, Chilca

Monte Linaza, Beso de Novia, Coca, Oj, Matapalo, Wasawi,

Uva

Piqui Pichana, Charcot, Masasambo

Mocco Mocco, Amor Seco, Yanawacta, Chanca Piedra

6
7

Corta Corta, Hierba Luisa, Zarza Parrilla

Kuchi Muchu, Camote, T, Malva

M
Amargo, Limn

10

Pampa Yahuar Chonca, Miram pero no me Toques, Botoncillo,

Pampa Hierba de Cancer

11

Suncho macho, Pjaro Bobo,Yawar Piri Piri, Tobacco,

Manka Paki

12

Palo Santo or Tangarana, Ayawaskha, Chuchuhuasi, Sano Sano,

Pan de rbol, Corisacha or Bobinsana, Guayaba Blanca, Hierba
de Cncer

Chilca
Asteraceae - Baccharis sp.

Beso de Novia
Rubiaceae - Psychotria poeppigiana

Herb. Stem angular.

Leaves
opposite,
ovate, with serrate
margin.

There are many species of Chilca in the Amazon, which have a variety of
dierent important uses. Famously the plant was sent to the
Venezuelan president, Hugo Chavez, by Bolivan president, Evo Morales .
on taking the magical herb he was apparently cured. Locally this
variety of Chilca is used in an infusion of the leaves to treat a variety of
externally for use as a pain killer.

Monte Linaza*
Malvaceae - Heliocarpus americanus
Tree. Leaves
alternate, hirsute,
broadly ovate
with acuminate

Herb to 1.5m tall. Leaves opposite.

visible along leaf margin. Inorescence
conspicuous red bracts. Flowers with
yellow petal tube.

Known as hot lips in English for obvious reasons; its Spanish name
translates as wedding kiss. Beso de Novia has long been used for
medicinal purposes. The crushed, boiled plant is used as pain relief for a
variety of aliments. The stem is rubbed on skin rashes. The sap from the
owers is used as ear drops to treat ear ache. Finally the owers are
used to treat colds and coughs.

In Quechua this plant is called Llausa pancho. The wood is light and

Coca
Erythroxylaceae - Erythroxylum coca

marked by two lines parallel to leaf midrib.

Oj
Moraceae - Ficus insipida

-oblong leaves (12

- 25 cm long and 5 - 10 cm wide). Leaves dark green above with pale veins.

vitally important crop in the Peruvian Amazon. Indeed one of the

theories for why Machu Picchu was built was to grow Coca and
therefore reduce dependency on the Coca grown by the tribes in the
rainforest which the Inkas were never able to fully conquer. It is the

A g present across South America, but most commonly found in the

consumed in a tea, mashed, chewed, or made into a powder and drank

powder and exported all over the world. If not prepared properly
however the latex is toxic.

Matapalo

Moraceae - Ficus paraensis

Wasai
Arecaceae - Euterpe precatoria
Palm. Stems
solitary, 3-20 m
tall. Pinnate leaves,
leaets lanceolate,
glabrous,
pendulous. Fruits
black, spherical,
diameter ca.1.5cm.

fruits is rare but they can be used to make juice. Wasai is used to treat
Tree. Very large leaves (up to 40 cm long
-oblong, with
prominent veins darker than leaf.

very popular remedy and so can be expensive to get hold of. The
liquidized roots are also used to treat malaria in Northern Peru.

3
A member of the g family, which is hemi-

Most importantly in the local area the resin is used to hold homemade
powdered ash of burned young stems is ingested as a treatment for
children's diarrhea. Matapalo can also be used for the removal of
parasites.

Uva
Vitaceae - Vitis vinifera
Woody vine, aky bark. Tendrils
bifurcate. Leaves palmate with toothed
edges.

over the world. Uvas (grapes), have been thought to

have medicinal value for thousands of years. Several
ancient Greek philosophers praised the healing power
u
support of uvas healing power is lacking, except for seed extract,
proven to treat chronic venous insuciency and edema.

10

11

Piqui Pichana
Scrophulariaceae - Scoparia dulcis

Masasambo
Annonaceae - Rollinia mucosa

Small, weedy herb.

Leaves small,
ovate, with
Raceme of small
white owers.

Piqui Pichana is a Quechuan word meaning ea away, although we can

nd no reference of it being used for ea removal. It is a very important
Small, bushy tree. Leaves alternate,
folded inwards along mid-rib. Flowers
with three wings. Large fruit, green

menstrual disorders and fever; the leaf juice is employed externally for
wounds and hemorrhoids. The plant has shown promise in a number of
contain some chemicals previously unknown to science .

Charcot

Found all over the Amazon, this tree is in the same family as Cherimoya.
The fruit is similar being of a creamy or slimy texture (depending on
who you ask) and with a hint of lemon. Masasambo can also be used to
make juices, ice cream, milkshakes and wine. The seeds of the fruit are

Polygalaceae - Polygala violacea

Mocco Mocco*
Piperaceae - Piper hispidum
Shrub. Nodes swollen. Leaves and
stem covered in ne indumentum,

when crushed. Flower pink, ca.1

cm wide, with two oval side
petals.

Spikes erect and straight.

12

13

Amor Seco (Pirca)

Asteraceae - Bidens pilosa
Erect herb, up to 1 m. Leaves
opposite, serrate, subdivided into 3 5 leaets. Capitulum to 1 cm wide,
yellow owers, no ray orets. Black
spiky fruit, each seed with three

Chanca Piedra
Phyllanthaceae - Phyllanthus niruri
Small oval leaves (0.5 cm long),
appear pinnate. Flowers on underside
of stem, 5 pale green petals with white
margin. Fruit spherical.

Amor Seco is used to avour food in many countries and is very

important in Chinese folk medicine. In Peru the leaves are rubbed on
wounds to disinfect them. The whole plant is also used to induce labour

Yanawacta
Verbenaceae - Stachytarpheta cayennensis

throughout the world. It is a very important medicinal plant in

Chanca

Herb. Leaves opposite, ovate

with serrate margin and
- 30
cm long). Flowers small,
tubular 5-lobed petals, purple.

indigenous peoples, including diabetes, malaria, dysentery, fever, u,

documented history of use in the region, the plant is generally

A common plant throughout the tropics of the Americas. Some

consider it a weed while others grow it for ornamental reasons.
Yanawacta is a very important medicinal plant to indigenous people of
the Amazonian. It is used to treat a variety of dierent ailments. In Peru
it is used for lowering a fever in children and to treat diabetes.
14

15

Palta
Lauraceae - Persea americana

Achiwa Achiwa
Bignoniaceae - Jacaranda copaia
Tall tree. Trunk straight,

- 30 cm long, 5 - 15 cm wide.
Small owers (<1 cm) in clusters
at end of branches. Pear shaped
fruit with leathery skin.

Thought to have originated in Mexico and Central America and long

pinnate leaves
(umbrella). Leaets

A large tree whose wood is useful for poles and framing roofs. Achiwa
is a Quechua word meaning umbrella or parasol, in reference to the
canopy structure. Achiwa Achiwa grows throughout the Amazon. The

over the world in tropical and Mediterranean climates. Important in

6
to wash snakebites with; cooked with bread and burnt sugar to treat
bloody diarrhea; the oil can be applied to soothe burns; or the stone is

Caagria*
Costaceae - Costus guanaiensis
Herb to 2 m. Leaves drooping, lanceolate,
spiraled around stem. Terminal
inorescence an elongated cone, tubular
owers, outside of petals pale cream and
inside pink.

Yuca
Euphorbiaceae - Manihot esculenta
Shrub to 2.5 cm tall. Palmate
leaves with 5-7 deep pointed
spherical with 6 prominent
ridges.

Yuca (Cassava/Yuka) is one of the most important food crops globally

stop bleeding), while the starch mixed with rum has been used for skin
problems, especially for children. Other indigenous uses include

fever. It can also be used to treat malaria.

16

17

Rata Rata
Malvaceae - Triumfetta abutiloides

Bushy small shrub to 1.5 m

Alternate leaves,
pubescent stellate hairs,
young leaves redFruit in pendulous
racemes, spiky capsules.

Caf
Rubiaceae - Coffea arabica

Small shrub. Leaves opposite, wavy margin

Spherical fruit up to 2 cm long.

Rata Rata is a Quechua name. A tea made of the seed capsule is used to
combat hair loss. Rata Rata is also used in a cold tea to facilitate
childbirth and in a bath to lower fevers.

Matico Matico or Cordoncillo*

The worlds most popular drink and second most valuable commodity. It

about 2% of GDP. Medically the top leaves of the shrub are taken to
combat depression and fevers. A mixture of the leaves and the beans
are also used to facilitate births.

Piperaceae - Piper aduncum

7
Shrub. Nodes swollen. Leaves

Corta Corta*
Cyperaceae

Inorescence spikes pendulous.

Grass-like herb. Stems

also a very important medicinal plant with a variety of uses. The Spanish

learned that applying the leaves to his wounds stopped them from

18

The name in Quechua is Cocho Cocho. Medicinally the roots are taken
(with other plants) to treat menstrual cramps. Another species of Corta
Corta is also present in bed 8.
19

Hierba Luisa

Poaceae - Cymbopogon citratus

Kuchi Muchu
Asteraceae - Pseudelephantopus spicatus

Compact grass. Leaves light green, linear, 20 100 cm long and ca.1 cm wide. Lemon scent
when crushed. Abrasive if run nger down the
leaves.

Indonesia but is now grown in tropical

regions all over the world. It has long been
used in cooking, herbal medicine and more recently the oil has been
extracted for perfumes. The stem is used as a popular tea avour,

Zarza Parrilla
Smilaceae - Smilax sp.
Woody vine. Pairs of
thorns on stem at

A woody vine that can grow to 50 m long, climbing high into the
rainforest canopy. Zarza Parrilla has been used for centuries by the
indigenous people of the Amazon. Tribes in Peru use it to treat
headaches, joint pain and the common cold. Many shamans also use it

Low growing, spreading herb. Leaves alternate,

very hairy. Flowers in terminal inorescence
spike. Petals pale pink/purple.

name meaning pig neck, due to the leaves rough texture. This species
has been used to treat various health problems all over the world,
especially in south-east Asia. In the Amazon, fresh roots of Kuchi

Camote
Convolvulaceae - Ipomoea batatas
Creeping or climbing herb. Dark
purple stem. Leaves 3 palmate
with cordate base. Flowers
campanulate, purple or white.

years ago and has since become popular worldwide. The name Camote
comes from nhuatl, an Aztec language, and means protector of
not have sucient milk for their babies can eat the leaves to increase

20

21

Theaceae - Camellia sinensis

Ua de Gato
Rubiaceae - Uncaria guianensis

Shrub. Leaves alternate,

thick and glabrous, margin
5 thick white petals and
many yellow stamen.

The origin of tea is not clear but we do know that it originated

somewhere in South-East Asia. It is now grown all over the world. Tea

the Amazon region it is taken for heart disease and heart pressure

Malva*
Malvaceae - Malachra alceifolia

Woody shrub. Pair of claw-like thorns at leaf base, curved to curled. Leaves

the South American rainforest. Its Quechua name is Meche Sillo, Cats
Claw in English. The bark and roots have been used for centuries to
treat a range of medicinal problems. In Peru, Ua de Gato has been

Herb or small shrub.

indumentum. Stellate
hairs. Leaves palmate, 3 5 lobed, elongated,
margin toothed. Flowers
yellow.

stomach ache or a hangover. It is also used to cool a fever .

22

immune system, help relax internal muscles, dilate blood vessels and
studies have suggest it may kill tumor and cancer cells. Ua de Gato is

in clinical trials.
A second species, Uncaria tomentosa, also grows locally and has similar
23

Palo de la Quina

Rubiaceae -

Ortiga Macho
Urticaceae - Urera carcasana
Woody stem with ne spines in
rows. Leaves large, long-ovate,
serrate, covered in hairs with

Tree. Opposite pairs

of branches spiral
around trunk.
Leaves opposite,
glabrous, very large
(up to ca.50 x 30
cm).

- 3000
rainforests most famous and most important discoveries. It is the
-malarial which, legend has it, was
introduced to the West by the countess of Chinchon (the wife of a
Peruvian viceroy) who was cured of malaria by it. It quickly spread
-malarial drug. Iquitos
are widely used, although the natural form is being revisited as it has

in poorer regions around the world today, but it must be prepared

carefully as large doses are toxic.

A very common plant in the

Amazon, it is know as Kisa
Orcco in Quechua. The thorns
are used to prick tumors and

Also present in this bed is

which is a related species
(with smaller leaves, white underside). It has the same uses.

Jayapa
Solanaceae - Brugmansia sp.
raised on underside. Large campanulate owers.

Jayapa are an exceedingly important group of

Amazonian plants, eclipsed only by Ayawaska in
their spiritual importance. They are known as
Angels Trumpet in English. Jayapa are very
powerful and dangerous hallucinogens. One species (B. insignis) is used
heal illness and divine the future. Other tribes use it to contact the spirit
However overuse is believed to cause insanity and there have been a few
reported deaths. The boiled leaves are also used to treat snakebites.

24

25

Naranja Amargo
Rutaceae - Citrus aurantium

10

Pampa Yawar Chonqa

Low growing herb. Leaves alternate, ovate,
margin serrate, veins raised on upper

Thorny shrub or tree. Leaves

alternate, glabrous, with pellucid
dots, margin crenate. Leaves ca.5 x
10 cm. Thorns at leaf base, just above

hairs. Flower stalks equal to leaf length. 5

pale pink petals.

orange when ripe. Very strong citrus

scent.

This Quechuan name translates literally

as oor blood suck, possibly due to the
plant drawing nutrients out the soil.
Medicinally the leaves are taken in a
tea to treat internal injuries and as an
-inammatory.

avouring and as a solvent. Worldwide it has been popular as an

excessive use has been linked to a number of deaths and considered

10

Mrame pero no me Toques

Fabaceae - Mimosa pudica

Limn
Rutaceae - Citrus limonum
Small thorny shrub or tree. Leaves

Spreading herb. Pinnate leaves

fold when touched. Hairy
pinkish stems. Inorescence
pink/purple and spherical.

Mrame pero no me Toques is very common in the

Oval fruit, yellow when ripe. Thorns up
to 1 cm. Citrus scent.

the shy leaves. Its Quechua name is Ama llamichikuq. The plant has
medicinal purposes. The oil and juice of the fruit is used globally for
mouth and throat. The leaves have also been used in a tea, which is
juice is used as a disinfectant.
26

27

10

Botoncillo

11

Asteraceae - Acmella ciliata

Verbenaceae - Lantana camara

Low growing herb, stems erect to 30 cm. Stems dark purple. Leaves opposite,
ovate, serrate. Capitulum yellow, slightly conical. Petals of ray orets to 0.5

Sprawling shrub. Square stem with small thorns.

Leaves opposite, coarse texture. Cluster of tubular
owers with variable colours, red-orange-yellow.

10

Suncho Macho

Pampa Hierba de Cncer

Lamiaceae - Marsypianthes chamaedrys
Ground-cover herb. Stem square.
Leaves ovate, crenate margin.
Hairs on leaves with swollen base,
visible as ne dots. Inorescence a
spherical cluster of owers.

Pampa Hierba de Cncer is used

for washing infected wounds and
indigenous uses, compounds in the plant have been shown to be

range as a result of its use as an ornamental plant in gardens. The leaves

are boiled and applied to swelling and painful areas. The bark of Suncho
Macho is used to treat ulcers. Current medical studies have shown that
the species may reduce blood pressure.

11

Pjaro Bobo
Asteraceae - Tessaria integrifolia
lanceolate. Upper and
lower surfaces
ne hairs.

Pjaro Bobo usually grows on the banks of rivers. The bark is chewed to
relieve toothache. A drink is also made of the bark and leaves to treat

-venoms.
28

29

11

Yawar Piri Piri

Iridaceae - Eleutherina bulbosa

Manka Paki*
Asteraceae - Ageratum conyzoides

Grass-like herb. Long,

lanceolate leaves with 6 - 7
parallel nerves strongly ridged.
White owers with 6 petals,

Herb. Pubescent leaves and

long hairs on stem. Leaves
ovate with crenate margin.
Cluster of lilac owers in

below ground, ca. 4 cm long.

leaves.

The red bulb of Yawar Piri Piri

has many medical uses. It is
crushed and mixed with water
to create a drink to kill
plasters, and mixed with cockroaches to treat infected wounds caused
by rusty nails. Locally the bulbs are taken fresh in a tea to treat

11

11

Tobacco
Solanaceae - Nicotiana tabacum

The name is Quechuan name meaning broken pot alluded to the use of
woodpeckers carried the leaves of this plant in their beaks to dissolve
stone in their architecture. Spanish chroniclers also recorded its use by

12

Palo Santo or Tangarana

Polygonaceae - Triplaris surinamensis
Tree, grows to 30 m tall. Leaves
alternate, large, ca. 20 cm long.
Ring scars on stem. Pointed bud.
Dusky pink owers in large panicles.

Upright herb. Leaves

leaf surrounding stem. Feels

Grown and smoked all over

the world the plant
originated in North America. Locally the leaves of Tobacco are rubbed
on the skin to cure rashes caused by allergies. Ironically the Quechua
name qhalaste is related to the word for healthy.

Easily visible in the forest canopy due to its

panicles of pink owers, Palo Santo is also grown
for ornamental purposes in tropical gardens. The
ant
to give o a pleasant aroma.

30

31

12

12

Ayawaskha

Chuchuhuasi*
Hypericaceae - Vismia sp.

Malpighiaceae - Banisteriopsis caapi

Shrub. Leaves opposite, large,

Spreading,
herbaceous vine.
Leaves opposite,
vivid green,
glabrous, spaced
on stem.

rusty-brown.

the mature bark turns the water the colour of red wine.

spelling), is the name given to both the plant and the drink made from
it. This is an extremely important plant for indigenous tribes throughout
your whole spiritual self. It contains the alkaloid harmine which is a
variety of other ingredients, and used by shamans throughout the
the shaman, elsewhere, like in Iquitos, it is drank by everyone taking
part in the ceremony. The drink is known as Yag in Colombia as is very
important for the Tukanoan people of the north-west Amazon. Their art
is based on the geometric shapes experienced on taking the drug. Taking
the drug has become popular on the gringo trail but has caused the
deaths of a number people who have reacted badly to taking it. This
danger was well known to indigenous people and the name means liana
of death in Quechua.

32

12

Sano Sano
Cyatheaceae - various species*
Tree fern. Trunk-like stem
raises fronds above ground
level, fronds usually
compound pinnate. Young
fronds emerge in curls that
uncoil. Spores on leaf
underside. Scales on stems.

Sano Sano is the general

common name for tree
ferns in Peru, Sano
meaning healthy. The
Quechuan name is Qhali Qhali with the same meaning. Tree ferns have
a variety of medicinal uses, primarily the resin is used to treat wounds
33

12

Pan del rbol

12

Guyaba Blanca
Myrtaceae - Psidium guajava

Moraceae - Artocarpus altilis

Tree. Milky latex in braches and leaf
veins. Leaves palmate, over 30 cm
long, lobes pointed. Monoecious.
Round, large fruit (ca. 30 cm diameter)
with bumpy texture.

Shrub or tree up to 5 m tall.

stem square and winged. Leaves

owers in leaf axil, white petals.
Fruit yellow when ripe, ca. 4 cm
diameter.

grown all over the tropics. Pan de

Arbol (Breadfruit) is most commonly used as food, named due to the
fruits taste. It is the staple diet of many pacic islanders. The latex is
material. In Peru the roots have been used in a mouthwash to treat
toothache and the resin to treat internal injuries and leishmaniasis.

12

Corisacha or Bobinsana
Fabaceae - Calliandra angustifolia

of years ago, as seeds have been found on archeological sites along with

toothache.
present. Inorescence a feathery cluster. Stamen white to pink and fused at
base. Fruit leguminous pod.

Corisacha is commonly used to treat pain and prevent colds. The roots
are used, along with those of oranges, to prevent the onset of diabetes.
34

35

12

Hierba de Cncer
Asteraceae - Smallanthus sonchifolius

hairs, ne indumentum above. White sap. Long inorescence stems, branched

with many small owers.

with a candle and put on the wound. Hierba de Cncer is used in Brazil
as a treatment for diabetes; current clinical trails have shown it to lower

themselves.

36

37

Glossary

Spike
individual stalks.

Alternate
Bract

a modied leaf adjacent to a ower or inorescence,

Campanulate

bell-shaped ower.

Composite/
Capitulum

a disk of owers with a supercial appearance of a

single ower, like a daisy. Marginal owers with
enlarged petals are the ray orets.

character of Rubiaceae.
Tormentose
Whorled

leaves or owers arranged in a circle around a central

axis.

Cuspidate
Frond

compound leaf of a fern.

Glabrous

without hairs.

Herbaceous

-woody stem.

Alternate

Opposite

Cordate

Hirsute
Inorescence

aggregated owers on a single stem e.g. spike, raceme

or capitulum.

Indumentum

ne covering of hairs.

Monoecious

plant with separate male and female owers.

Lanceolate

Palmate

Opposite
Panicle

inorescence structure with many branches o a main

axis.

Pellucid dots

specks on leaf, character of Rutaceae (orange family).

Pinnate

Ovate

Acuminate

Cuspidate

Pubescent
Raceme

owers arranged along an unbranched stem, each

Crenate

38

Serrate
39

Endnotes and Comments

Costus guanaiensis common name seem to be given to Costus species without consistency.
Achiwa -

the guide marked with an asterisk. We have also included plants that

Monte Alucima unknown.

Huajo hembra - species dierent to Huajo macho. Present but

The use of macho and hembra in plant names - macho means male and

are dierent species.

Chuchuhuasi - back of bed 12 next to Corisacha. This common name
which Leonidas gave usually refers to Maytenus krukovii, Celastraceae
but this is not the plant that is present.

Ua de Gato - Uncaria tomentosa mostly grows in primary forest, it has

U. guianensis is in
Setaria tenax and
Corta Corta Cyprus luzulae but neither of these species are present

Hango Chuta - absent.

Malva - not Malva ocinalis, the species associated with this common
name in Europe.

Sangre de Grado - Croton lecheri Euphorbiaceae. A very important

medicinal plant. Hopefully it will be replanted.

Albahaca - absent.

Pajugeillo macho/hembra - only hembra present.

Monte Linaza - this common name generally refers to a dierent plant
but this name seems to be used locally for the
Ajucsillo - present adjacent to Monte Linaza, strong scent. We have been
Huajo macho - absent, the species of Thalia geniculata is generally
associated with this common name.
Jaya Jaya - absent. Its name in Spanish is Pika Pika.
Runa Manayupi - absent.
Awaymanto - absent, should be Physalis angulata Solanaceae.
Arca Paicco/Paikco - absent, should be Dysphania ambrosioidos
Amarathaceae.
Huaji - present, a species of Aristolochia Aristolochiaceae.
40

Llanten - absent should be Plantago lanceolata or P. major.

Berros - absent.
Manka Paki - has currently been removed from the bed. Leonidas
Ageratum conyzoides as as Manka Paki but this disagrees with
other sources which name it as
about the plant is scarce.
Mayo Maicha Papaya - absent.
Sano Sano - the two species present are Cyathea leucolepismata and
Alsophila cuspidata.
Santa Maria - absent.
Piper hisipidum and P. aduncum Mocco seem to be used interchangeably as the common name for
adjacent to each other in bed 6.
41

Malachra alceifolia

Malva

24

Manihot esculenta

Yuca

19

Marsypianthes chamaedrys

Pampa Hierba de Cncer

30

Mimosa pudica

Miram pero no me Toques

29

Tobacco

32

Persea americana

Palta

18

Phyllanthus niruri

Chanca Piedra

17

Piper aduncum

20

Piper hispidum

Mocco Mocco

15

Polygala violacea

Charcot

14

Pseudelephantopus spicatus

Kuchi Muchu

23

Psidium guajava

Guayaba Blanca

37

Psychotria poeppigiana

Beso de Novia

Rollinia mucosa

Masasambo

15

Scoparia dulcis

Piqui Pichana

14

Smallanthus sonchifolius

Hierba de Cncer

38

Smilax sp.

Zarza Parrilla

22

Stachytarpheta cayennensis

Yanawacta

16

Tessaria integrifolia

Pjaro Bobo

31

Tilesia baccata

Suncho Hembra

Triplaris surinamensis

Palo Santo or Tangarana

33

Rata Rata

20

Ua de Gato

25

Uncaria guianensis
Urera carcasana
Vismia sp.

27

Chuchuhuasi

35

Uva

13
43

References
Raintree Tropical Plant Database, www.rain-tree.com
Discover Plants and Fungi, Royal Botanic Garden Kew, kew.org/science-fungi
Tropicos, Missouri Botanical Garden, tropicos.org
Research and Clinical Trials, University of Maryland Medical Center,
umm.edu/research
ntbg.org/plants
-ethnobotany/
agroforestry-ethnobotany/
Useful Tropical Plants Database, tropical.theferns.info/
Wanamey, wanamey.org/plantas-medicinales-2
Guia de plantas medicinales del valle de ksnipata Yngrid Vera Ferchau,
Magaly VillenaTejada, Deyvis A. Baca Caldern, Herbal Ramirez
Ordoez, Comnet 2008.
Plantas Medicinales de Uso Popular en la Amazonia Peruana, Kember
Mejia, Elisa Rengifo, Agencia Espaola de Cooperacin
Publicacion/L017.pdf
E
.
Diccionario: Quechua - Espaol - Quechua, Academia Mayor de la Lengua
Quechua (2nd ed.) Cusco 2005. Available at: illa-a.org/cd/
diccionarios/DicAMLQuechuaOrig.pdf
Photographic Field Guides, eldguides.eldmuseum.org/guides

44