ELEMENTS: TERMS & DEFINITIONS

1. A material, such as emery and generally in powder form,

used for grinding ....

abradant / abrasive

2. The wearing or rubbing away of a surface

abrasion

3. A test by means of scratch on a smooth surface of the material

abrasion test

4. An auxiliary vibratory system, for modifying the vibration

characteristics of the system, either damped or undamped

absorber

5. The rate of change of velocity or the average increase of velocity in

a unit of time, usually expressed in feet per second .

acceleration

6. In a motor vehicle, it acts on the throttle valve and thus controls

the power and speed of the engine. A pedal which controls the
fuel injection into an oil engine ..

accelerator

7. A standard American screw thread, with the flanks having an inclined

angle of 29, which is used extensively for feed screws. It has the
same depth as the square thread but is stronger as the bottom of
the thread is wider than the square thread. .. acme thread
8. An accessory appliance so the of difference size can be interchanged
such as on a spindle or other fittings. adapter
9. A type of control in which an original programmed motion is modified
in response to the information provided by a sensor system. ..

adaptive control

10. The radial distance between the pitch circle and addendum circle

addendum

11. The difference between the tip angle and the pitch angle of
a bevel gear

addendum angle

12. The circle that bounds the outer ends of the teeth. The diameter of
this circle is called the outside diameter of the gear. .

addendum circle

13. A propeller, the pitch of whose blades can be altered on the

ground but not in flight .

adjustable pitch propeller

14. A rod with an adjustable clamp for attaching to a fuse or barrel

arbor and provided with sliding weighs for balancing the pull
exerted by the main spring and thus testing its pull

adjusting rod

15. A screw, usually with a very fine thread, in an instrument or tool

by which one part is moved relative to another, to give
adjustment in focus, level, tension, etc. ..

adjusting screw

16. Metal strips for the accurate adjustment of the exact bearing loads
on sliding surfaces .

adjustment strips

17. The instant in the working cycle of an internal-combustion or steam

engine when the inlet valve allows entry of the working fluid
into the cylinder .

admission

18. The corner of the indicator diagram which correspond with the entry
of the working fluid into a cylinder .

admission corner

19. The side of the indicator diagram which shows the actual condition
while steam is entering an engine cylinder ..

admission line

20. The passage by which steam or the combustible fluid enters an

entering cylinder ..

admission port

21. Altering the time of ignition of an internal combustion engine to

cause the spark of the cylinder to pass at earlier point .

advance

22. The power unit of an aircraft, including both piston engine and
gas turbine types ..

aero engine

23. Occurs in some metals, notably certain stainless steel, aluminum,

and copper alloys, at ambient temperature .

age hardening

24. Is a change in a metal by which its structure recovers from an

unstable or metastable condition that has been produced by
quenching or cold working. The change in structure, which
proceeds as a function of time and temperature, consists in
precipitation often submicroscopic. The result is a change of
mechanical and physical properties, a process that may be
accelerated by using a temperature slightly higher than room
temperature. ..

aging

25. Mechanical stirrers on reverberator for setting concrete, sorting coal

or sand, or for mixing molten metals or for rocking fluid

agitators

26. A shaft bearing maintained wholly by compressed air with no contact

between fixed and moving surfaces .
air bearing
27. A mechanical brake on a railway train or road vehicle which is
operated by air pressure acting on a piston. An absorption
dynamometer in which power is dissipated by driving a fan
or propeller. ..

air brake

28. A pneumatically operated chuck for gripping machine tools with a

mechanical safety device against the failure of the air pressure
.

air chuck

29. A spring in which compression of air within a cylinder or rubber

bellows provides a progressive resisting force

air spring

30. American institute of steel construction ..

AISC

31. American iron and steel institute .

AISI

32. American leather belting association .

ALBA

33. The part of any aircraft which support it on land or water and absorbs
the shock of landing, but excluding the hull of a flying boat. It
includes all under carriage units of land-plane and the main and
wing-tip floats of seaplanes. alighting gear

34. A setting in line of several points such as the centers of a lathe, the
centers of the bearings of an engine crankshafts and the axial
continuity of shafting and shaft-bearings

alignment

35. An L-shaped bar of hexagonal cross-section used to tighten up

allen-screws and other types of screw having an internally
recessed hexagonal portion to permit tightening ..

allen key

36. A screw with recessed head

allen screw

37. A prescribed difference in dimensions in order to allow some

quality of fit between two pieces when mated together such as
a hole and mating shaft. It is positive fir a clearance fit or a
transition fit ...

allowance

38. Is a substance with metallic properties, composed of two or more

elements of which at least one is metal ..

alloy

39. In steel are usually considered to be metallic elements added for

the purpose of modifying the properties .

alloying elements

40. Is steel that contains significant quantities of recognized alloying

metals, the most common being aluminum, chromium/cobalt,
copper, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, silicon,
titanium, tungsten, and vanadium

alloy steel

41. A structural member, of wrought iron or mild steel bar rolled or

extruded, having a cross-section like the letter L. .

angle

42. Angle through which the gear turns from the time a particular pair of
teeth come into contact, until they go out of contact. Arc of action
subtends the angle of action at the pitch point ..
angle of action
43. Angle through which the gear turns from the time a particular
pair of teeth come into contact until they are in contact at the

pitch point .
44. A shaft-bearing in which the joint between the base and the cap
is set at an angle, and thus not perpendicular to the direction of
the load ..

angle of approach

angle of bearing

45. The angles between the surfaces of the materials being cut and the
cutting faces of the tools. The ship thickness varies with the
approach angle of the tool. ..
angle of cutting tools
46. An arrangement of bevel gearing to drive a shaft, at other than a
right angle with the driving shaft, by the inter-position of a third
miter wheel ....

angle gear

47. Angle through which the turns from the time a given pair of teeth are
in contact at the pitch point until they pass out of mesh. Angle of
approach plus angle of recess is equal to angel of action. . angle of recess
48. Is the rate of increase of rotational velocity, usually expressed
in radians per second

angular acceleration

49. A ball-bearing designed so that the inner and out races transmit
both radial and axial loads through balls which are located at the
opposing corners of the two mating races. They are used in pairs
to permit both up and down axial restraint. . angular contact bearing
50. The product of the moment of inertia and the angular velocity of a
body. The sum of all moment remains unaltered in any one
mechanical system. ..

angular moment

51. The rate of change of angular displacement, usually expressed in

radians per seconds or revolutions per minute

angular velocity

52. Is the characteristic of exhibiting different properties when tested

in different directions ..

anisotropy

53. A comprehensive term, is a heating and slow cooling of a solid metal,

usually done to soften it .
annealing
54. An annular ring with gear-teeth cut on it

annular gear

55. A ring-shaped seating for a valve as found in pumps ..

annular seating

56. A valve consisting of a circular disc seating on a concentric hole .

annular valve

57. A cog-wheel with the teeth fixed to its internal diameter ..

annular wheel

58. A method of coating objects made of aluminum with a protective

oxide film, by making them the anode in an electrolytic bath
containing an oxidizing electrolyte; It is also used to produce

decorative finished.

59. American National Standards Institute

anodizing
ANSI

60. Live rollers which sustain the pressure of a rotating spindle or shaft . anti-friction rollers
61. Cutting back a flat bearing face to receive the washers and nuts of
attachment bolts by means of a broad-facedy cutter wedged
transversely on an arbor ..

arboring

62. The arc on the pitch circle of a gear wheel over which two teeth are
in contact and approaching the pitch point

arc of approach

63. The arc on the pitch circle of a gear wheel over which two teeth
are in contact .

arc of contact

64. The arc on the pitch circle of a gear wheel over which two teeth are
in contact while receding from the pitch point .

arc of recess

65. The difference between the chordal addendum measured along

the gear-tooth center line

arc thickness

66. A hollow inclined screw, or a pipe forming a helix around an inclined

axis, with its lower end in water. When it is rotated the water
is lifted to a higher level .

Archimedean screw

67. American Society of Mechanical Engineers .

ASME

68. A drawing limited to an individual assembly .

assembly drawing

69. American Society for Testing and Materials .

ASTM

70. Is a process of pre-stressing or overstressing a hollow cylindrical

member beyond the elastic range by hydraulic pressure

auto frettage

71. A dimension given solely for information or convenience

of reference ..
auxiliary or reference dimension
72. Is the distance measured axially, from a point on one thread to the
corresponding point on an adjacent thread

axial pitch

73. The distance measured along a line parallel to axis between the
traces of gear-tooth, that is, the distance measured across
the reference cylinder of a helical, spur or worm gear wheel in
a direction parallel to the axis .

axial thickness

74. Is a stationary member carrying rotating wheels, pulleys ..

axle

75. The process of lining bearings with Babbitts metal or with

white metal

babbiting

76. A pointed spindle on the loose headstock of a lathe for supporting

end of the work remote from the chuck ..

back center

77. The bracket on the back plate of a clock from which the pendulum
is suspended

back cock

78. The cone whose generator is perpendicular to the pitch cone

generator at the pitch circle of a bevel gear

back cone

79. The angle between the axis and the pitch angle ..

back cone angle

80. A train of gear wheels fitted to the headstock of a lathe or other

machine tool for the reduction of the speed of the mandrel below
that of the cone pullet, thus increasing the power of the machine
.... back gear
81. Tooth space minus the circular thickness when backlash exists
between two gears, one gear can be burned through a small
angle while the mating gear is held stationary. Backlash is
necessary to care for errors and maccuracies in the spacing and
in the form of the tooth, to provide a space between the teeth for
lubricant, and to allow for thermal expansion of the teething.

backlash

82. The shaft which runs along the whole length of the rear of a
self-acting lathe and through which motion is transmitted from
the headstock to the slide ..

back shaft

83. The relative arrangement of eccentrics, etc., in steam engine whereby

the engine will, on the admission of a steam, run backwards backward gear
84. A machine for scouring, drying and opening out carded slivers in
worsted manufacture

back washer

85. A winding pattern, or lay-up, in filament reinforces composites that

is designed to achieve equal stresses in all filaments

balance design

86. A pulley in balance both statically and dynamically ..

balance pulley

87. The shaft which runs along the whole length of the rear of self-acting
lathe and through which motion is transmitted from the headstock
to the slide rest for sliding and surfacing only it is capable of
reversal for traversing the saddle .
balance shaft
88. A very fine metal ribbon in the form of a flat spiral or cylinder, or of a
helical spring, fixed around the balance staff or cylinder, of a
watch or small clock, Many balance springs are made of Nivarox,
a non-magnetic alloy of iron and nickel with small quantity of
beryllium. It is rustless and has a controllable elasticity. balance spring
89. A machine for testing static balancing and determining the weight
and position of the masses to be added to obtain balance

balancing machine

90. A joint in which a spherical end is placed within a socket that has been
recessed to fit it, thus permitting free motion within a given cone
or cut-out in the socket. It is the same as ball joint. ball-and-socket joints
91. A bearing on a shaft composed of a number of hardened-steel
balls rolling between an inner race forced on the shaft and an
outer race carried in a housing. The balls are equally spaced
by a light metal cage and run in shallow grooves called
ball-tracks. The cage or ball retainer is crimped or riveted into
place after the balls have been inserted. An alternative method
utilizes a filing slot in the races which allows assembly with a
greater number of balls but reduces the thrust load spherical
housing which enables the inner and outer races to be at an
angle to each other. ball-bearing
92. An outer cylindrical sleeve running on balls along a shaft, each row
of balls taking the load in turn and then recirculating ball bush
93. A spring-controlled ball projecting through a smaller hole, which
engages with a hole in a striking plate, as for a door fastening . ball catch
94. A self-regulating valve which through a linkage system, turns the
flow of water (or liquid) on and off by the falling and the rising
of a partly submerged sphere, usually a hollow ball ....

ballcock

95. A spherical cutting tool or a cutter with a rounded edge ...

ball cutter

96. A fine grinder or one crusher which is a slightly inclined or horizontal

rotating cylinder containing ball, usually ceramic or steel, to grind
the material to the necessary fineness by the rubbing and impact
of the tumbling balls. Wet ball-milling is usually a batch process,
but dry ball-milling may be continuous with the fines removes
by an air current .... ball mill
97. A nut having a semi-circular helical groove on the inside which fits
over a shaft with a mating groove. The load is transmitted by balls
running in the grooves and returning through a non-load-carrying
section .... ball nut
98. A steel ring forming part of the ball-track of a ball-bearing.
A complete ball-bearing

ball race

99. A sphere with a fixed center, two degrees of rotational freedom and
two output rollers in the equatorial plane with their axes at right
angles to each other. The driving-roller axis is in a plane parallel
to the equatorial plane and its projection on the equatorial plane
makes an angle with the cosine output roller. For a rotation
of the driving-roller, the output rollers rotate through angles
equal to cos and sin . . ball ( spherical) resolver

100. The production of spherical objects by means of special rest moved

by worm gears in a circular path or by means of special curved
tools, the tool post swinging through a circular arc ball turning
101. A non-return valve consisting of a globe or ball working on a
cup-shaped seat, usually within a suitable cage .

ball valve

102. A flexible band, with one end anchored and a force applied to the
other, which is wrapped partially round the periphery of a wheel
or drum and pulled tight to slow the wheel

band brake

103. A fabric-lined steel band which is contracted on the periphery of the

driving member by means of engaging gear band clutch
104. A cylindrical cam with a track for the can follower on its end or its
circumference ...

barrel cam

105. A cylindrical nut with a head similar to a conventional screw or bolt,

but with a shank that is smooth on the outside and threaded
internally to mate with a screw or bolt of smaller diameter .

barrel nut

106. Any transverse section of the base cylinder. The circle used in
setting out the profiles of a gear wheel teeth are of involute form
.. base circle
107. The distance between similar flanks of two adjacent teeth of gear
measured along a common normal

base pitch (normal)

108. The distance between similar profiles of two adjacent teeth of an

involute helicoid gear measured in a transverse plane along a
common normal ..
base pitch (transverse)
109. The angle size on which the design size of a gear, thread, etc.,
is based ..

basic angle

110. That form of a surface or profile on which the design forms are
based .

basic form

111. That form on which the design forms for both the external and
internal threads are based .. basic form of screw thread
112. A mating part whose design is equal to the basic size ....

basic member

113. The size of dimension, or part, on which both the limits of size
and the design sizes are based ... basic size
114. The reinforced inner edge of a tire which seats onto the rim of a
metal wheel .. bead

115. A girder supported at its end and loaded transversely. A flanged

roller or steel tube carrying the warp threads in the 100 m when
they are in position ....

beam

116. These lubricants are usually petroleum oils or greases made from
these oils, vegetables oils, air or inert gases ....

bearing lubricants

117. Bronze, white metal, Babbitts metal, copper, nylon and similar
materials, polyurethane, metals impregnated with PTFE
(polytrafluoroethylene) ..

bearing materials

118. The portion of a rotating shaft in contact with a bearing

bearing neck

119. The part of a lathe bed over which the cross-side slides ..

bearing plate

120. The pressure of a rotating shaft on its bearing, usually measured

in kPa (or lb/in2) of projected area .

bearing pressure

121. A porous surface metal bearing impregnated with lubricant. Relative

movement of the bearing gradually releases the lubricant
.. bearing self-lubricated
122. The spring which carries the weight of a vehicle and lessens the
effect of jars and shocks bearing spring
123. The area of the surface upon which a shaft rotates. In machinery,
the surfaces of bearing parts in mutual contact .

bearing surface

124. The supports for holding a revolving shaft in its correct position .. bearings
125. Screws used to adjust the relative position of the crutch and
pendulum so that the escapement can be brought into beat beat screws
126. A revolving shaft with blades which break up and loosen matted
lumps of cotton during the cotton-spinning processes of opening
and beating

beater

127. An endless band of leather or other flexible material for transmitting

power from one shaft to another by running over flat, convex or
grooved rim pulleys . belt (belting: driving band)
128. An air-compressor driven by a belt and pulleys from an independent
engine or from shafting belt compressor
129. The union of the ends of a belt ..

belt coupling

130. A method of power transmission from one shaft to another by means

of an endless belt passing around a pulley on each shaft .. belt drive

131. A connecting piece that joins together the ends of a belt

belt fastener

132. A bar or rest placed along side a belt pulley on which to rest the belt
when unshipped for repairs .. belt perch
133. A polishing machine consisting of a belt covered with abrasive or
polishing material and passing around pulleys .

belt polisher

134. A cutting tool shaped like pliers with an annular edge used for
cutting holes in leather or similar material ...

belt punch

135. A machine in which a belt covered with abrasive material is moved

rapidly by rotating pulley to form a fast to a loose to finish its
surface

belt sander

136. A forked device used for shifting a belt from one pulley to an
adjacent pulley or from a fast to a loose pulley and vice versa.
Also called belt striker. belt shifter (belt fork)
137. The pacing of a belt on its pulley or moving it from one pulley
to another

belt shipping

138. The slipping of a driving belt when there is insufficient frictional

grip between the pulley and the belt ..

belt slip

139. A pair of cone pulleys carrying a belt which is moved to alter the
rate of motion; e.g., some spinning machines vary the rate of
rotation of the spool as the cap increase in size belt speeder ((US)
140. A contrivance for pulling the ends of belt together for coupling up belt tightened
141. A contrivance for tilting sideways, at a convenient point, either a
belt or apron conveyor

belt tripper

142. A curvature of a beam about its axis under load .

bending

143. The sum of all moments of a force acting at a point in a body ..

bending moment

144. A helically grooved shaft carrying a pinion. Sudden rotational

acceleration of the shaft can cause the pinion to traverse
axially and engage and transmit power to a gear wheel .

bendix screw

145. An arrangement of bevel wheels for the transmission of motion from

one shaft to another on intersecting axes bevel gears (bevel gearing)
146. A machine tool for shaping bevel wheels ....

bevel gear shaper (planer)

147. One of a pair of bevel wheels which has been fitted within inserted
wooden teeth to secure a silent drive

bevel mortise wheel

148. Toothed wheels is shaped like the frustum of a cone, which are
used in paired to transmit motion between two shafts whose axes
intersect at an angle to each other .. bevel wheels
149. An involute gear with tapered tooth thickness, root and outside
diameter .

beveloid gearing

150. Brinell Hardness Number .

BHN

151. A hanging loop of a chain or rope which is held by its end, such as
the operating chain of manually worked pulleys in lifting tackle...

bight

152. An adjustable pulley which tightens a belt or cord on its driving and
driven pulleys to its correct tension

binder pulley

153. A screw head which is undercut around the stem so that when it
is screwed down tight the peripheral material beds into a mating
part ..

binding head screw

154. A set screw used for clamping two parts together ..

binding screw

155. A pair of shaped plates with teeth which engages so that the input
and output shafts of the plates have a varying velocity ratio ..

bipolar cam

156. A rivet which can be inserted and made secure without access to
the far side of the assembly. The complete riveting operation is
performed from the side of the rivet head usually by pulling a
central stem

blind rivet

157. The housing holding the sheaves or pulleys over which a rope
or chain passes, as in lifting tackle. The term commonly
includes the sheaves. A block has a hook eye or strap for
attaching it to an object and it can used for chaining the direction
of a running rope ... block
158. A vehicle brake in which a block of metal or hardened material is
forced against the rim of a revolving wheel by hand power or a
mechanism .

block brake

159. A chain consisting of blocks connected together by links and pins

and used for comparatively low speeds .

block chain

160. Friction shoes forced inward into the grooved rim of the driving
member or expanded into contact with the internal surface of
a drum ...

block clutch

161. Thermal treatment of watch springs to obtain the desired elastic

properties as indicated by the color

blusing

162. The condition resulting from the removal of the partial thread at the

end of a screwed member to facilitate the entry of the threads

without damage, when repeatedly assembled .

blunt start

163. Any piece of material used to connect parts together which has a
thread on one end and a head on the other ..

bolt

164. A machine for cutting the heads of bolts

bolt cutter

165. A machine for forging bolts for forming a head on a round bar bolt-making machine
(bolt machine)
166. A cylindrical coupling, split longitudinally, for uniting two lengths
of coupling or connecting two shafts, the halves being bolted
together and keyed to the shafts .. box coupling (muff coupling)
167. A device or mechanism for applying frictional resistance to the
motion of a body and thereby absorbing mechanical energy by
transferring it into heat

brake

168. The strap of band encircling a brake drum .

brake band

169. Blocks of material for applying a frictional force in a brake

brake block

170. A drum or pulley attached to a wheel, to which is applied an

external band or internal brake shoes .

brake drum

171. The horsepower developed by an engine as measured by a brake

or dynamometer applied to the driving shaft

brake horsepower

172. Asbestos-based fabric riveted or bonded to the shoes of internal

expanding brakes to increase the friction between them and the
drum and at the same time, to provide a renewable surface .

brake lining

173. The part of the indicated mean effective pressure which would give
an output equal to the brake horsepower of an engine or engine
cylinder, the products of the imep. And the mechanical efficiency
. brake mean effective pressure (bmep)
174. The renewable friction linings in a disc brake assembly .. brake pad
175. The friction resistance developed by a brake

brake power

176. The internal expanding members in a rake drum on which the

renewable friction linings are mounted

brake shoes

177. The encircling band to which the brake blocks are screwed in the
friction brake of a crane or dynamometer

brake strap

178. The ratio of the heat equivalent of the dynamometer brake output to
the heat supplied to the engine in the fuel or stream . brake thermal efficiency

179. A wheel which receives the friction pressure of a brake strap or

brake blocks .

brake wheel

180. It is a pitch setting to give negative thrust, including reverse pitch.

Feathering gives the minimum drag when the engine is stopped
.

braking pitch

181. The bearings for the journal of a shafting, a half bearing termed a
brass, the two bearings a pair of brasses and the bearing with
their seating a plummer block .

brass

182. The process of joining two pieces of metal by fusing a layer of

spelter or of a brass alloy between the adjoining surfaces without
melting the parent metal of either piece brazing
183. The measurement of the hardness of a material by the area of the
indentation, after equilibrium has been reached (about 20 sec.),
produced by a hard steel ball under specified conditions of loading
.
brinell hardness test
184. The hardening of the surface of metal by cold working brinelling
185. A screw thread of Whithorth profile used for thin-walled tubing with
26 threads per inch, irrespective of diameter British standard brass thread
186. A vee-form screw thread with 60 degrees flank angle and a top and
bottom radius equal to one-sixth of the pitch British standard cycle screw thread
187. Is a tendency to fracture without appreciable deformation .. brittleness
188. Unstable displacement of a structural part, such as panel, caused
by application of excessive compression or shear stress .

buckling

189. The spring enclosed in the buffer box which deadens the impact
of collision ..

buffer spring

190. A box coupling for connecting shafting and keyed around the two
shafts which butt against each other and are co-axial

butt coupling

191. Screws with hemi-spherical heads, slotted for a screwdriver .

button-head screws

192. A screw thread designed to resist heavy axial loads with the front
or thrust face perpendicular to the axis and the back of the
thread sloping 45 degrees buttress screw thread
193. A flexible cone of wire put on the end of a cable to enable the
cable to be pulled into a duct as tension tightens to the cone
on the cable ..

cable grip

194. A shaped component of a mechanism, such as a heart-shaped

disc on a shaft, which determines the motion of a follower . cam

195. The angle of inclination of an automobile wheel out of the vertical

due to inclining the spindle downward out of the horizontal camber angle
196. A flexible cone of wire put on the end of a cable to enable the cable
to be pulled into a duct as tension tightens the cone on the cable
.
cam profile
197. A shaft operating a valve of piston engines by means of the cam
form integrally with the shaft

camshaft

198. A steering gear in motor vehicles in which the steering column

carries a pair of opposed volute cams which engage with a peg
or roller carried by the drop arm . cam-type steering gear
199. A laminated spring anchored to the axle of a motor vehicle at its
mid-point, and to shackle on the frame at its two ends cantilever spring
200. Any nut with a blind hole threaded to engage with the tip of a bolt or
screw which it covers up to give it an attractive appearance or
to keep it clean cap nut
201. Used to cap threaded rod ends cap or acorn nut
202. A screw-bolt with a hexagon head used without a nut, being attached
to a threaded hole in the adjacent part of the assembly .. cap screw
203. A nut loosely held or permanently fixed to a part in readiness
for assembly captive nut
204. Is a process of case, hardening steel by the simultaneous absorption
of carbon and nitrogen from a surrounding hot gaseous atmosphere
followed by either quenching or slow cooling . carbonitriding
205. Is a process of adding carbon to the surface of steel by exposing
it to carbonaceous solids, liquids, or gases above the
transformation temperature ..

carburizing

206. Is distinguished by a short portion of the shank underneath the head

being square or finned or ribbed .. carriage bolt
207. This is low carbon steel which has had its carbon content at the
surface enriched by heating at about 900C in a carbon-rich
environment ..

case-hardened steel

208. Is a process of surface hardening whereby the surface or case is

substantially harder than the core or inside metal ... case hardening (iron base alloys)
209. Used in conjunction with a cotter pin to prevent a nut from
unthreading
210. The pouring of molten metal or other heated liquids into a mold and

castellated nut

allowing it to solidify into the shape of the mold casting

211. A hexagonal nut with six radial slots, any two of which can live up
with a hole drilled in the bolt or screw for the insertion of a split
pin to prevent loosening ..
212. When the line of action bisects the arc of the bearing .

castle nut

centrally loaded bearing

213. A thin metal gauge with vee-shaped notches, having an included

angle of 55 degree, around its perimeter, used as a template for
turning the cone points of lathes, grinding the angles of
screw-cutting tools and setting these tools in the tool-post
. center gauge (screw-cutters gauge)
214. An automatic brake actuated by revolving brake shoes forced out
by centrifugal force into contact with a fixed brake drum

centrifugal brake

215. A clutch in which friction surface engage with the driving member
at a definite speed and remain engaged due to the centrifugal
force exerted by weight levers .

centrifugal clutch

216. Metal links of oblong or circular shape interconnected to form a

flexible cable to be used for hoisting or for power transmission ... chain
217. A cylindrical barrel, sometimes grooved, on which surplus chain
is wound ..

chain barrel

218. A conveyor with endless chains supporting slats, buckets, etc.,

as distinct from the use of a single band ..

chain conveyor

219. Adjacent sprockets on two independent shafts are connected by a

duplex chain allowing the transmission of torque between them
..

chain coupling

220. A cutter composed of the links of an endless chain, made of special

tool steel and ground with a hook of 25 degree on the outside of
the links .. chain cutter
221. A series of pairs of links interconnected at their joints by parallel rods,
often surrounded by hardened steel rollers, which engage with teeth
on sprocket wheels to transmit power between two parallel shafts
. chain drive
222. An endless chain led around sheave wheels for feeding balks
of timber .

chain feed

223. A gearing using chain and wheels in which projections on the wheel
fit into cavities in the chain or vice-versa .. chain gearing
224. The hook at either end of a fusee chain for hooking t to the fusee

and to the barrel

chain hook

225. An endless belt provided with buckets which dip into a liquid, life a
quantity and discharge it through a spout while turning over at
the top pulley

chain pump

226. A power-driven endless chain with saw-like teeth on its links ...

chain saw

227. Is one in which a specimen, supported at both ends as a simple

beam, is broken by the impact of a falling pendulum. The energy
absorbed in breaking the specimen is a measure of the impact
strength or the metal. ...

charpy test

228. A gauge used for checking the accuracy of other gauges, normally
for the verifications of individual dimensions .

check gauge

229. Tooth width measured along the chord at the pitch circle chordal thickness
230. The circle of intersection of the reference cylinder of a helical or
spur a traverse plane

circle reference

231. The pitch of wheel teeth measured along the circumference of

the pitch circle, upon which one wheel comes into contact with
its mate . circular pitch
232. The width of a tooth measured along the pitch circle ..

circular thickness

233. A shaft coupling for instant connection or disconnection in which

flanges carried by each shaft engage through teeth in
corresponding recesses in their opposing faces, one flange being
slidable axially for disengagement claw clutch
234. Radial distance between the working depth circle and the root circle.
Equal to the dedendum minus the mating addendum . clearance
235. The diameter of the bearing is larger than the diameter of
the journal ..

clearance bearing

236. A fit in which the limits for the mating parts always allow assembly
of the parts .

clearance fit

237. An open link chain with the length of links not greater than five times
the diameter and with a width of three and a half diameter not to
be confused with circular link chain. close link chain
238. A diametrically split nut that can be closed to engage with a threaded
shaft, sometimes used as a clutch between a lathe lead screw
and the saddle ..
clasp nut
239. The coupling of two parts, for example two shafts, in such a way as

to permit connection or disconnection at will without the necessity

of bringing both parts to rest, and when connected to transmit the
required amount of power without slip clutch
240. A faulty condition in which the clutch does not receive the torque
smoothly on engagement, probably due to oil on the friction
surface or distorted plates

clutch judder

241. A bolt used to fasten metal parts to wood. It usually has a square
neck under a plain domed head, is made of low carbon steel and
secured with a square nut . coach bolt
242. A large angle of pitch for high-speed flight .

coarse pitch

243. Is recommended for general use, where jar and vibration are not
important factors, where disassembly of parts is frequent, and
where tapped holes are in metals other than steel .

coarse-thread series

244. The ratio of the limiting friction to the normal reaction between the
sliding surfaces, the ratio is constant for a given pair of surfaces
under normal conditions . coefficient of friction
245. A chain consisting of oblong links of circular section usually of
welded wrought-iron or steel. The links may be plain or have
a stud acrossthe center, the studs tend to prevent stretching and
kinking ... coil chain
246. A friction clutch using a coil of steel around a drum

coil clutch

247. Is brittleness of metals at low temperatures .

cold shortness

248. Is the process of determining a metal plastically at a temperature

below the recrystallization temperature and at a rate to produce
strain hardening. Cold-drawn steel is frequently used because
it increases strength and machinability, and improves surface
finish. It reduces ductility. Commercial amounts of cold working
of steel are of the order of 10-20%. ..

cold working

249. A bearing provided with several collars o take the thrust of a shaft,
or to provide adequate surface for lubrication of a vertical shaft
.

collar bearing

250. A screw in which the head has an integral collar to stop any fluid
leakage past the threads

collar-headed screw

251. The total shortening in length produced in a test specimen during

a compressive test, usually expressed as a percentage of the
original length of the specimen ..

compression

252. A coupling connecting two smooth shafts of the same diameter with
an external longitudinally split double conical sleeve .. compression coupling
253. The ratio of the volume of the mixture in the cylinder of a piston engine
before compression to the volume when compressed . compression ratio
254. A helical spring with separated coils ..

compression spring

255. The test of a specimen under increasing force, often until it fails,
and the recording of the stress-strain relationship ..

compressive test

256. A solid generated by a straight line, one end of which remains fixed
while the other end moves around a closed curve cone
257. A conical journal running in a correspondingly tapered bush, thus
acting as a combined journal and thrust bearing and used for
some lathe spindles

cone bearing

258. A friction clutch in which the internally coned member can be

moved axially in or out of the externally coned member for
engaging or disengaging the drive

cone clutch

259. The distance from the apex of a bevel gear to the pitch circle ..

cone distance

260. A belt drive between two similar coned pulleys which by lateral
movement provide speed ratio

cone gear

261. A small bearing bolted to a lathe bed and carrying a circular plate
or disc perforated with a series of tapered holes and fed forward
n the spindle shaft .. cone plate
262. A dimension which defined a positional or angular relationship
between two or more features, or form of a surface including
a profile .. constructional dimension
263. The ratio of the angle of rotation of a gear between the beginning
and ending of contact of a tooth to the angle given by the
fraction 360 degrees

contact ratio

264. A tapered wedge, rod or pin passing through a slotted hole in one
member and bearing against the end of a second encircling
member whose axial position is to be fixed or adjustable ..

cotter

265. A split-pin inserted in a hole, as in a cotter, to prevent loosening

under vibration

cotter-pin

266. An instrument for recording the number of operations performed by

a machine or the number of rotations of a shaft counter
267. An intermediate shaft in a line of shafting placed between a driving
and a driven shaft to obtain a greater speed-ratio or where direct

connection is difficult .

countershaft

268. A device for connecting together two or more parts of a mechanism

coupling
269. Is finished all over, usually having coarse threads ..

coupling bolt

270. A connecting rod joining two cranks so that they work together
as one .

coupling rod

271. An arm attached to a shaft carrying at its outer end pin parallel
to the shaft .

crank

272. The main shaft of a reciprocating engine, or other machine, carrying

a crank, or cranks for the attachment of connecting rods by the
crankpin and converting the reciprocating motion to provide a
rotational force crankshaft
273. Due to the difference in tensions on the two sides .

creep

274. Has the same meaning as transformation range

critical range

275. That rotational speed of a shaft which coincides with the fundamental
nature frequency o the shaft and any attached masses . critical speed
276. Helical gears which mesh together on non-parallel axes

crossed helical gear

277. A bevel gear with a pitch angle 90 degrees ..

crown gear

278. A sheave-wheel whose rim is recessed for individual chain links cup drum
279. Residual internal stress produced during the curing of a
composite structure .

cure stress

280. Any fluid used for lubricating a cutting tool and washing away chips
.. cutting fluid
281. The speed of the outting tools relative to the workpiece usually
defined as m/s or ft/min

cutting speed

282. Accomplished by immersing the part in a hot liquid salt bath,

sodium cyanide being a common medium in both processes .

cyaniding

283. Gear with cycloidal teeth. When in mesh the faces of the teeth in
one are epicycloids and the flanks of the teeth of the other are
hypocycloids, both curves being generated by the same rolling
circle ..

cycloidal gears

284. A gauge usually with a centralizing shoe to give accurate location

on each side of the gauging point, and by this means, to give a
true bore measurement, using a transmission system to record

on a circular dial

cylinder bore gauge

285. A devices for dissipating energy in mechanical system by the

suppression of vibrations of unfavorable non-linear characteristic
.. damper
286. Is the ability of a material to absorb or damp vibrations, which is a
process of absorbing kinetic energy of vibration owing to hysteresis.
The absorbed energy is eventually dissipated to the surroundings
as heat. At a particular stress level, cast iron is much better
damping material than steel. damping capacity
287. A device restricting lateral thrash of a belt or chain especially a
timing chain

damping slipper

288. A dimension which fixes the position of a datum plan, line or point .. datum dimension
289. An axle which does not rotate with the wheels carried by it ..
290. Is a loss of carbon from the surface of steel, occurring during hot
rolling, forging, and heat treating when the surrounding medium
reacts with the carbon ..

dead axle
decarburization

291. The radial distance between the pitch circle and the dedendum
circle ..

dedendum

292. The circle that bounds the bottoms of the teeth .

dedendum circle

293. A linear measurement of the amount of movement of a structure

subjected to a bending moment, a shear force or a couple .

deflection

294. The amount by which the teeth of two mating wheels intersect

depth

295. A gauge or tool for measuring the depths of the holes by the use
of narrow rule or cylindrical rod working within and at right
angles to crossbar ...

depth gauge

296. A method of changing the gear ratio of chain-drive sprocket wheels.

This is achieved by guiding the chain form a sprocket wheel of
one size to one of different size, while maintaining some tension
with a tensioner and permitting uninterrupted power transmission
.. derailleur gear
297. With easily detachable and replaced links, being used for low-speed
and light-load power transmission and for conveyors and elevators
of moderate capacity and length .
detachable link chain
298. A drawing giving manufacturing requirement for a specific
detail or details ..
299. The number divided by the normal pitches in inches .

detail drawing

diametral normal pitch

300. The number divided by the spacing of adjacent teeth in inches diametral pitch
301. An internally threaded steel block, with cutting edges for producing
screw threads .

die

302. An arrangement of cams with different outlines in the valve-gearing

of gas engines, the cams sliding upon a shaft under the control
of a governor to come in to contact, in turn, with the roller and
thus to vary the admission to suit the load . differential cam
303. An assembly of bevel or spur gear wheels with two co-axial shafts
and a third co-axial member with a rotational proportional to the
sum or difference of the amounts of rotation of the other two .

differential gear

304. A rigid link carrying three pivots, the third of which has a displacement
dependent on the input displacement of the other two differential lever
305. A screwed spindle working within a nut and which is also threaded
externally for the reception of another fixed screw of the same
hand but of slightly finer pitch .

differential screw

306. An element whose size is specified in a design such as length or

an angle, and the word element may also refer to weighs,
capacities, areas ..

dimension

307. Zero or near zero dimensional change with changes in the

environment ..

dimensional stability

308. The closing component on which the disc face is formed or to

which the disc facing ring is secured .

disc

309. The area of the maximum circle described by the tips of the blades
of a propeller or a helicopter rotor disc area
310. A brake in which friction is obtained from pads acting upon a disc
on a vehicles wheel or on the landing wheel of an aircrafts
undercarriage or similarly for braking machinery .

disc brake

311. A friction clutch in which both the driving and the driven member
have flat circular or annular surfaces that are brought into
contact and consists of one or more discs running either dry
or lubricated, being called, respectively, single-plate clutch
or multiple-disc clutch.

disc clutch

312. A long tapered used for loosening straight pins, taper pins,
rivets and other small being dismantled

driff punch

313. Used to set in place or remove straight and some types of small
parts requiring a drive fit ..

drive pin punch

314. A process by which a hot plastic metal is made to flow into dies
by the application of sudden blows to the material .

drop forging

315. A process by which the length of a workpiece is increased by

reducing the cross-sectional ..

drawing out

316. A clamp which is use for perfect ground connection ..

earthing clamp

317. Its angle is 60 and is used for dotting after marking the lines on
general work .

dot punch

318. The length of wire rope that can be spooled onto a drum or reel
.. drum or reel capacity
319. A file tooth arrangement formed by two series of cuts, namely the
overcut followed at an angle by the upcut .

double cut

320. A heat treatment used to reduce the brittleness in hardened steel

and to remove the internal strains caused by the sudden cooling
in the quenching bath
drawing or tempering
321. The diameter over the margins of the drill measured at the point ..... drill diameter
322. Branch of mechanism which deals with bodies not in equilibrium ......

dynamics

323. Stress used in determining the size of a member ........................... design stress
324. Used either to retain parts in a fix position or to preserve alignment .
.... dowel pins
325. A machine tool which is used mainly to produce holes in metal parts
by the use of rotating drill bit which acts on a securely held piece
........ drill piece
326. An operation of producing round holes using drill bit .........

drilling

327. Used as a chuck when turning work that are mounted between
two centers ... drive plate or face plate
328. Used to hold drills, reamer, countersinker and other necessary
parts in the work held in the lathe ....

drill chuck

329. Property that permits permanent deformation before fracture in

tension ....

ductility

330. Is also called nodular cast iron, has the castability, machinability
and wearability of gray iron, but higher strength and ductility ....... ductile iron
331. Not self-aligning and similar to single-row ball bearings, except that
each ring has two grooves ............ double-row ball bearing

332. The process of removing moisture in varying amounts from solid

or semi-fluid materials ................

drying

333. A hammer in which the force of the blow is developed entirely

by gravity ...... drop hammer
334. A simple drum hoist having two independent hoisting drums ..........

double drum hoist

335. A passage way made of sheet metal or other suitable material

not necessarily leak tight, used for conveying air or other gases
at low pressure .............

duct

336. A type of stand pipe system in which the pipes are not normally
filled with water ..... dry stand pipe
337. The vertical difference between the pumping water level and the
static water level .........

draw-down

338. Age-hardenable alloy which has good spring and low-sparkling

properties and is slightly magnetic after heat treatment ........

duranickel

339. A system which while being functionally integrated, consists of

subsystems which may be physically separate and remove
located from one another .. distributed control system
340. A device actuated by the displacement of the counterweight at any
point on the hoistway to provide a signal that he counterweight
has move from its normal plane of travel or h as left its guide rails
.............. displacement switch
341. The pressure head plus the velocity head ............

dynamic head

342. The fractional part of a sample of a wet vapor that is true vapor ...... dryness factor
343. Difference of pressure required to move air through the fuel bed
and to produce a flow of the gaseous products of combustion
out of the furnace, then through the boiler, economizer, etc. .......

draft

344. The sum of the individual maximum demands of the subdivision of

a system taken as they may occur during the daily cycle, divided
by the maximum simultaneous demand of the system .........

diversity factor

345. Consist of series of circular saws that can be moved in an axial

direction on their arbor which is used to remove rough or many
edges from slabs to from a single plank, or to saw a wide slab
into narrow planks ........

double edgers

346. Instrument used to measure power .......

dynamometer

347. Force which acting on a mass of one gram that produce a velocity
of one centimeter per second in one second ..........

dyne

348. Consist of small spring-mass system attached to the machine

(Large spring mass system) and tuned to the disturbing
frequency ........... dynamic vibration absorber
349. A chain with attachable beaving block between the links ......

dudge chain

350. A headless, cylindrical pin which is sunk into corresponding holes

in adjoining parts, to locate relative to each other or to put
them together ............

dowel

351. A dowel with threads at both ends .............

dowel screw

352. An industrial elevator which carries small object but is not permitted
to carry people .............. dumbwaiter
353. Part of a cam that followers to remain at maximum lift for a period
of time ...... dwell
354. A creep resulting from fluctuation in a load or temperature ...........

dynamic creep

355. A mechanism which usually do the indexing in a machine tool ........ dividing head
356. A lathe in which two cutting tools are used one on each side to work,
either to avoid it springing or to increase the rate of working ........ duplex lathe
357. Type of fracture in any material where substantial deformation has
occurred away from fracture surfaces, usually associated with
yielding in materials ...........

ductile fracture

358. A material tool for drilling holes consisting generally of a vertical

standard, carrying a table for supporting the work and an arm
provided with bearings for the drilling spindle ........... drilling machine
359. A member that is divided into a criterion of strength in order to
obtain a design criterion, also called factor of safety ..........

design factor

360. Attached to t he tailstock spindle to support one end of the material

to be turned ............ dead center
361. Stress used in determining the size of a member

.........

design stress

362. A process in which molten metal is forced by pressure into a metal

mold known as a disc ............

die casting

363. Use for transferring dimension scribing circle, and doing ground
lay-out work .......

divider

364. A lathe that reproduces a number of parts from either a mastered

from or a sample of the workpiece ........

duplicating lathe

365. The ability of a material to be deformed and to returned to the

original shape ...........

elasticity

366. Includes the complete thread, and those portions of the

incomplete thread .........

effective thread

367. When the vector passes to one side of t he center .........

eccentrically loaded

368. The eccentricity divided by the radial clearance .............

369. A joint made along the edges of two or more parallel or nearly
parallel plates ..........

eccentricity ratio
edge joint

370. That portion of the face width that actually comes into contact with
mating gear teeth, as occasionally one member of a pair of gear
may have a greater face width that the other ..........

effective face width

371. The actual torque ratio of a gear set divided by its gear ratio .......

efficiency

372. A device or group of devices which serve to regulate the operation

of an elevator or group of elevator in a predetermined manner
during or after an earthquake ........... earthquake protective devices
373. Gage that determines the size of a wore equals to its cross-sectional
area in circular mills divided by 1000 ............... edison wire gage
374. An included plane curved edgewise and rotating in a plane parallel
to its base .............

edgewise cam

375. Consists of disk revolving n a magnetic field ..........

eddy current brake

376. The distance of the geometric center of a revolving body from the
axis of rotation ............

eccentricity

377. A collision in which the sum of genetic energies of translation of

the participating system is the same after the collision as before
................

elastic collision

378. The curve or slope of the normally straight, flexural axis when a
beam is bent by loads which do not cause the stresses in the
material to exceed the elastic limit .

elastic curve

379. Reversible alteration of the form or dimensions of a solid body

under stress or strain ...........

elastic deformation

380. Failure of a body to recover its original size ad shape after a stress
is removed .............

elastic failure

381. The maximum stress a solid can sustain which undergoing

permanent deformation ...............

elastic limit

382. The ratio of the elastic limit to the ultimate strength of a material . elastic ratio
383. The fully reversible, single-valued, stress versus strain relationship
where loading and unloading follow the same path exactly, and
although it may be nonlinear there shall be no hysteresis or
residual strain .

elastic relation

384. Toothed wheels which are elliptical in form, each rotating about a
shaft located at a focus of the ellipse. The rotary motion varies
from point to point during the rotation of the wheels. They are
used occasionally for producing a quick return motion on machine
tools so as to give a slow cutting and a quick return stroke .. elliptical gears
385. A spring formed by two leaf springs connected back to back
by shackles

elliptical spring

386. Involves the loss of ductility because of a physical or chemical

change of the material ..

embrittlement

387. The capacity of a body for doing work

energy

388. The radial distance by which the thread forms of two mating
threads overlap each other . engagement of screw thread (depth)
389. The axial distance over which two mating threads are designed to
make contact engagement of screw thread (length)
390. A system of gears with one or more wheels traveling around the
outside of another wheel whose axis is fixed ..

epicyclic gearing

391. The state of a body when the resultant of the forces acting on it is
zero, when the body is at rest and when the body is moving with
uniform velocity ..

equilibrium

392. The difference between the correct value and unavoidable defects
in the measuring instrument or in inaccuracy of observation,
accidental errors may be of either sign and systematic errors
are always positive or always negative .

error

393. A friction clutch which engages by forcing shoes radially against

the inner rim of a disc, cone or drum by the interposition of a
toggle joint ..

expanding clutch

394. A form of coupling in which two thin steel sheets with circumferential
corrugations are interposed between two flanged coupling faces
which they connect and thus allow a certain amount of end play
. expansion coupling
395. That part of the valve-gear of steam engine through which the
degree of expansion can be varied

expansion gear

396. A pulley wheel, for use with vee-belts which by axial movements of
the two halves of the vee, can create different working diameter.
They are used in pairs to give variable-speed drive without the
use of a clutch and gearbox. expansion pulley
397. An auxiliary valve, working on the back of t he main slide valve of
some steam engines, to provide an independent control of the
point of cut-off. A regulation valve in refrigeration machines to
control the escape of the refrigerant from a liquid state under
pressure to a gaseous state. ..

expansion valve

398. Is the distance through which a propeller advances along its axis
during one, when giving no thrust .. experimental mean pitch
399. A rivet with the tail end hollowed out to take a small explosive
charge. After fitting, the explosion expands the end of the
shank to complete the joint ..
400. A screw thread cut on the outside of a cylindrical bar .

explosive rivet

external screw thread

401. A tool adapted for cutting external screw threads ..

external threads

402. is particularly useful in aeronautical equipment, suitable where

thin-walled material is to be threaded, where fine adjustment are
required, and where jar and vibrations are excessive ... extra-fine-thread series
403. Used to provide hoisting ring in certain piece of equipment .

eye bolts

404. A milling cutter with the teeth radially disposed upon the surface
of the disk, either solid with the teeth or inserted in grooves. . ..

face cutter

405. Surface of the tooth between the face cylinder and the addendum
cylinder

face of tooth

406. Length of teeth in an axial direction

face width

407. Turning a flat face on a piece of work in a lathe. ..

facing

408. Is the number that is divided into criterion of strength in order to

obtain a design criterion. .

factor of safety

409. A permanent coupling of two shaft consisting of flanges formed

integral with the shaft.

fast coupling

410. The process leading to the failure of metals under the repeated
action of a cycle stress. The failure depends on the mean stress,
the range of stress and the number of cycles. With a decreased
amount of stress a material can withstand a greatly increased
number of repetition before failure, or failure may not occur

after millions of stress cycles fatigue

411. A machine for applying rapidly alternating of fluctuating stress to
test-piece to determine its fatigue limit fatigue testing machine
412. That portion of a workpiece especially prepared to fit a mating part
..

faying face

413. A machine which opens and mixes wollen material, preparatory

to carding ..

fearnought

414. A parallel key partially into a recess in its shaft to permit a wheel
to slide axially but not to rotate ...

feather

415. The rate at which a cutting tool of machine is advanced

feed

416. On preoptive and automatic lathes the feed box is mounted on the
bed below he headstock to provide a range of feeds to both the
saddle and slide. The feeds are independent and reversible

feed box

417. A rod used with a collet to feed the raw bar forward in a capstan lathe
.. feed finger
418. The mechanism which controls the movement of the carbons of
an arc lamp at such a speed as to keep the are length constant
while the carbons burn away ..

feed mechanism

419. A force pump for supplying water for steam boilers ..

feed pump

420. A test on a sample of material or on a complete piece of

assembled equipment. The test is subjected to repetitive loading,
usually to verify a safe fatigue test fatigue test
421. A screw used for controlling the motion of the feed mechanism
of a machining tool . feed screw
422. A rivet which is put when the workpiece is on site

field rivet

423. A straight portion of the cutting edge intended to produce a smooth

machined surface ......... flat
424. A tool steel is forged roughly and shaped in one end of the bar and
the hardened and ground to require shape .........

forge tool

425. Removing the excess material into the required dimension given
in the plan by the use if a finishing tool .........

finish turning

426. The process of removing excess material by the use of a file .......... filing
427. A hardened steel cutting edges, or teeth in its surface ...........

files

428. Grooves in the body of the drill which provide lips and permit the
remove of chips and allow cutting fluid to reach the lips ............. flutes
429. That surface on a drill point which extends behind the lip to the
following flute .........

flank

430. Simply push or pull; the push or pull may result from the force of
contact between bodies or from a forge, such as magnetics or
gravitation in which no direct contact takes place ..........

force

431. Determine the effect o forces on the motion of body it is necessarily

to resort .......... free body diagram
432. Used when the loads are not too great .............

fiber

433. A machine member used to equalize the energy exerted and the
work done and thereby prevent excessive or sudden changes
in speed ................

flywheel

434. Angles between the individual flanks and the perpendicular axis
of the thread ............

flank angles

435. The resistance to motion which takes place when one body is
moved upon another ............

friction

436. A clutch which transmit motion from the driving to the driven
member but he friction between the engaging surfaces ............

friction clutch

437. Applied when the hub of an assembly is required to slide over the
key when in use ............

free fit

438. Part of the carbon content of steel or iron that is in the form of
graphite or tempra carbon ...........

free carbon

439. A process of heating the surface of an iron-base alloy, which is

preferably annealed or normalized and then quenching it .......... flame hardening
440. An area where metal is melted to form them into a bloom,
billet cast, etc. ..................

foundry area

441. Attached to the saddle of t he lathe to support workpieces that are

liable to spring away from the cutting tools .............

follower rest

442. A phenomenon when two touching surfaces have a high contact

pressure and when these surfaces have minute relative motion
................

fretting

443. The length of a coil spring under no load ............

free length

444. A constant-force (nearly) compression spring which is basically a

tightly coiled helical spring loaded but an eccentric load that

bends it ...........

flexiator

445. Rectangular in section with the smaller dimension placed in a radial

direction and may or may not be tapered ............. flat keys
446. A rigid coupling which each half is keyed to a shaft; the faces are
finished normal to the axis, sued when the shaft are virtually
collinear and should remain in a fixed angular relation with
respect to each other ............... flanged coupling
447. Couplings that care for small amounts of angularity, end play, and
axis displacement .............

flexible couplings

448. The change of phase from solid to liquid .............

fusion

449. Structure which supports the moving parts and regulates the path
or kind f motion of some of the parts ...............

frame

450. Temperature at which the fuel must be heated to give off sufficient
vapor to for a inflammable mixture with air ................

flash point

451. Machines actuated by foot or hand power only admitted with rams
or dies for purposes of blanking, trimming, drawing, punching,
stamping, forming, or assembling materials .............. foot and hand press
452. The measured time in hours or fractions thereof that a material or
construction will withstand fire exposure as determined by fire
test conducted in conformity to recognize standards ............

fire resistive rating

453. A process of welding metals in a molten or molten and various state,

without the application of mechanical pressure or blows ....... fusion welding
454. A device having a predetermined temperature fusible member for
the relief of pressure ............

fusible plug

455. A wall designed to prevent the spread of fire having a fire resistance
rating of no less than four hours and having sufficient structural
stability under fire conditions to allows collapse of construction on
either is used without collapse of wall ............... fire wall
456. The concave portion of the tooth profile where it joins the bottom
of the tooth space .............

filler curve

457. That surface which is between the pitch circle and the bottomland
................ flank of tooth
458. The particle size determined by passing the particles or powder
through standard sieve or by microscopic measurement ............ fineness
459. That characteristic of a powder which permit to flow rapidly and
conform the mold cavity It can be described as the rate of flow
through a fixed orifice ..............

flowability

460. A purely mechanical welding technique in which one component

remains stationary while the other is rotated against it under
pressure ............

friction welding

461. Two metal parts to be welded are connected to a low voltage

high current source ..........

flash welding

462. The device that directly controls the value of the manipulated
variable of a control loop ...........

final control element

463. A steel bar rod with cutting teeth on its surface; used as a
smoothing or forming tool ...............

file

464. A blacksmith tools consist of a surge body and fit surface bottom,
fitted with a handle used to finish or level a flat surface after
any forging operation ...............

flatter

465. A blacksmith tool used for making neck by reducing the

cross-section of the job and also for drawing out ............. fullers
466. A process which the parts to be forge welded are heated in a forge
to a white heat (about 1300C) and forged together by hand or
power hammering .........

forge welding

467. Springs often used to overcome operating space limitations in

various products such as electric switches and relays ............ flat springs
468. Type of wire rope which is made up f a number of four .............. flat wire rope
469. Class of steels intended for those uses where easy machining is
primarily requirement ...........

free cutting steel

470. Rapid cooling in a mist .............

fog quenching

471. Term used to signify the range of tightness that may result from
the application of specific combination of allowances and to
tolerance in the design of mating parts ...........

fit

472. Forms of powders, pastes or solutions, gases or vapors, and as

coatings on the rods used mainly to prevent formation o oxides
and to remove any oxide on the base and filler metals ..........

fluxes

473. A screw which has a flat top surface and a conical bearing surface
with a head angle approximately 82C or 100. ..... flat countersunk head screw
474. A screw which has a rounded top surface cylindrical sides and
flat bearing surface ..............

fillister head screw

475. Tinned carbon steel used or small cords galvanized iron steel
476. Iron coated with zinc ..

galvanized iron

477. used to turn the same material of many pieces and lock materials
of different forms and sizes and turn these at the same time .

gang mandrel

478. A crane similar to an overhead traveling crane, except that the

bridge for carrying the trolley is rigidly supported on two or more
movable legs running on fixed rails or other railway

gantry crane

479. A kind of steel pipe coated with zinc to resist corrosion

galvanized pipe

480. A device used to determine whether the part has been made to
the tolerance required and does not indicate a specific dimension
. gages
481. A process by which zinc coating is applied to a wide variety of
steel product to provide protection against corrosion

galvanizing

482. The introduction of carbon into the surface layers of mild steel by
heating in a reducing atmosphere of gas high in carbon, usually
hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide .

gas carburizing

483. Defined as a refined petroleum naphtha which by its composition

is suitable for uses as a carburetant in internal combustion engines
gasoline
484. A process of adding carbon to the surface of steel by exposing to
hot carbonaceous gases such as methane, ethane, propane and
carbon monoxide .......... gas carburizing
485. A static seal used where there is no relative motion between
joined parts ..

gaskets

486. The helical coil is wrapped into a circle forming an annular ring
used in tension to hold oil seals of leather, teflon, etc., tight
against a surface .

garter spring

487. Screw threads fine pitch standardized for the wrought-iron tubes
used in commercial and domestic gas supplies, which ensure
that the joints are gaslight. Also known as British Standard Pipe
Screw Thread.

gas thread

488. Any mechanical system for transmitting motion. The transmission

of rotation by gear wheels. A gear ratio as in transport vehicles,
such as first gear, etc. The positions of the valve mechanism in
a steam engine such as astern gear, etc.

gear

489. A set of gearwheels integral with, or permanently to a shaft such

as the lay shafts in the gearbox of an automobile. .

gear cluster

490. Involute gear-teeth cut on flanges keyed to the ends of two

coaxially aligned shafts mate with internal teeth at the two ends
of a surrounding sleeve. .

gear coupling

491. Milling cutters, hobs, etc., with the correct tooth form for cutting
teeth on gear wheels. .

gear-cutters

492. A machine for grinding a gear to remove slight distortion after

heat-treatment, which users either a formed. gear grinding machine
493. A system of gear wheels transmitting power.

. gearing

494. A speed reduction from the driving wheel to the driven wheel gearing-down
495. A lever used to move gear wheels into or out of engagement
probably via sliding pinions.

gear lever

496. A milling machine for cutting gear-teeth with a milling cutter

of the correct shape. ..

gear miller

497. A small used for lubricating systems and the like which delivers
fluid through the tooth spaces of a pair of gearwheels in mesh
and enclosed in a box. ...

gear pump

498. Is the number teeth in the gear divided by the number of teeth
in the pinion. gear ratio
499. For different types of gears see under; bevel gear; bevel wheels;
differential gear, etc.

gears

500. A series of interconnected gears.

geartrain

501. A drawing of a complete finished product showing the

components which make up the final assembly and the
means of identification with other drawings. .

general arrangement

502. Is the distance which an element of a propeller would

advance one revolution when moving along a helix to which
the line defining the blade angle of that element is tangential.

geometrical pitch

503. A key with a head formed at right angles to its length for
securing a wheel, etc., to a shaft. .

go-headed hey

504. A device to prevent leakage at a point where a shaft

emerges from a vessel containing fluid under pressure
of from a vacuum.

gland

505. A screw-down valve with the casing or body of a spherical

shape. The axis of the stem is at right angles to the body

ends, which are in line with each other. ... .

506. A can of cylindrical is not of constant diameter. It was a
globoid profile, being of smaller diameter at the center.

globe valve
globoidal cam

507. The governor-controlled valve-gear, which regulates the opening

and the closing of the induction, valve in an automatic expansion.

governor valve-gear
508. And annealing process, causes the combined carbon to
transform wholly or in part into graphitic or free carbon, it
is applied to cast iron, sometimes to high-carbon steel..

graphitizing

509. A wheel, composed of an abrasive powder such as

carborundum or emery, cemented with a binding agent, and
fused for cutting and finishing metal.

grinding wheel

510. The travelling wheels of a portable crane.

ground wheels

..

511. In general a screw with no load head but with a slot across the
top end of the insertion of a screwdriver. .

grub screw

512. A washer made have spun yarn or tar twine, etc, used to make
a watertight joint under the head of square-shouldered bolt. .. grummet washer
513. A die-stock in which the dies are divided into three portions,

one being the guide and the other two actual cutters which
are placed in radial slots. ....
stock
514. A shearing machine with the shear parallel with the plane of the
machine framework, which is used for the cutting up of puddle
bars and slabs. ..

guide screw

guillotine shear

515. A radial gear in which an eccentric opposite the crank operates

a link whose other end slides along an inclined guide, the valve
rod being pivoted to a point on the link. hackworth valve-gear
516. Belting which drives between two pulleys with axes at right angles
to each other and can be run only in one direction. ..

half-crossed belting

517. the connection of two co-axial shafts by a half-lap joint, the two
shaft being either together or enclosed in a keyed-on sleeve. half-lap coupling
518. A shaft through which power is finally transmitted to a driving
wheel of a vehicle, usually operating in pairs via a vehicle
differential.

half shaft

519. The camshaft of a piston engine which runs at half speed of the
crankshaft. .

half-speed shaft

520. In clocks, a wheel geared into the locking wheel speed of the
crankshaft. The pins lift and drop the hammer, which strikes a belt,
or gong.
hammer wheel
521. Any wheel turned by the hand to operate machinery or
mechanisms. Hand wheel
522. Is a temper produced in a wire, rod, or tube by cold drawing .

hard drawn

523. Is the capacity of steel to through harden when cooled from above
its transformation range ..

hardenability

524. Is the heating or certain steels above the transformation range

and then quenching, for the purpose of increasing the hardness
of a metal.

hardening

525. Is a measure of its resistance to indentation, and is one of the most

significant properties because, properly interpreted, it says much
about the conditions of the metal. .. hardness
526. An arbitrary scale of numbers determined by various hardness test.
.. hardness number
527. Tests determined either the ability of one solid to scratch another,
or the area of indentation formed in a given test. hardness tests
528. A sinusoidal component of a periodic quality with a frequency that
is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency.

harmonic

529. A new and novel power-transmitting device, does not fit into any
of the traditional classifications.

harmonic drive

530. Are said to heat when their temperatures get so hot that the friction
is greatly increased, or the axles or the crankshafts stick fast. . heating of bearing
531. Is defined as the controlled heating and subsequent cooling of a
metal or alloy. It is employed to obtain properties that are desired
and appropriate for a particular application heat treatment
532. A cylindrical spur gear in which the paths traced by the teeth
are helices. ..

helical gear

533. That portions of a helical gear which is bounded by the root and
tip cylinders and by the two helicoid surfaces. ..

helical gear-tooth

534. A spring formed by winding wire into a helix along the surface of
a cylinder. It is most frequently used to generate tension or
compression forces in an axial direction but is sometimes used
to produce a torque around the axis when it may be described
as a helical torsion spring. .

helical spring

535. A curve traced on a cylindrical or conical surface in such a way that

any tangent to the curve makes a constant angle with the intersecting
cylinder or cone generator. A curve likes a screw thread. . helix
536. Is the angle between a tangent to the pitch helix and an intersecting
axial element of the pitch cylinder. helix angle
537. An extra long plain, slotted, or castles nut which cal also include
a counterbore at the bottom. ..

high nut

538. Have the same structure at all points. .. homogeneous material

539. Strain is proportional to stress in an elastic material below the
elastic limit. .
Hookes law
540. The engineering unit for power equal to a rate of working of 33,000
foot-pounds per minute, 23.56 CHU per minute, 42.42 Btu per
minute or 745,700 watts. ..

horsepower

541. Hubs of gears are proportional empirically. The bore of the hub
depends on the shaft diameter. .

hubs

542. An epicyclic train of wheels for the speed reduction of a machinery

shaft. ..

humpages gear

543. An undesired variation from the stable running condition of a

mechanism due to feedback in the control. Sometimes
called cycling

hunting

544. An extra tooth on a gear wheel so that number of its teeth shall
not be an integral multiple of those in the pinion. hunting tooth
545. An endless belt of porous material driven at high speed with its
lower end running under water, which acts like a chain pump. . hydraulic belt
546. A motor vehicle brake in which power is supplied by hydraulic oil
pressure via small pistons to expand the brake shoes, the pressure
being supplied by a pedal-operated master cylinder and piston hydraulic brake
547. The cylinder of a hydraulic press, the pressure of the fluid in which
lifts the enclosed piston. .

hydraulic cylinder

548. A disc brake in which the pressure is applied by hydraulic pistons.

. hydraulically operated disk brake
549. A valve mechanism that keeps a body, like a torpedo, at a driven
depth in a fluid. ..

hydrostatic valve

550. A drive shaft terminating in a hypoid bevel gear. .

hypoid axle

551. A bevel gear with the axes of the driving and driven shaft angles,
but not in the same plane which causes some sliding action

between the teeth. .

hypoid bevel gear

552. Crossed helical gear designed to operate on non-intersecting

as well as non-parallel axes, that is, the axis of the pinion is
above or below that of the gear and is not parallel to the axis
of the wheel. .

hypoid gear

553. A lay shaft or countershaft. .

idling shaft

554. The sudden application or fall of a load upon a specimen,

structure, etc.

impact

555. A waterwheel driven by the impact force of water acting at right

angles to the projecting vanes on the periphery. Turbines are
impact wheels

impact wheel

556. The constant-speed drive sprocket, which feeds the cine film for
each exposure. .

impedance wheel

557. The angle between the flanks of a screw thread measured in axial
plane. .

included angle

558. A screw is said to be of increasing pitch when the distance between

each successive turn of the helix increases in amount, or the pitch
may increase in the direction of the length of the blade from the
center to the circumferences. . increasing pitch
559. The estimation of the hardness by the permanent deformation in a
material by an indenter, the hardness being expressed in terms
of the load and the area of the indentation formed. indentation hardness
560. Consists of heating a thin surface layer, preferably of annealed or
normalized steel, above the transformation range by electrical
induction and then cooling, as required, in water, oil, or gas

induction hardening

561. Mechanisms and engines are said to be in gear when connected

ready to be operated, or operating. in gear
562. Is the force on the spring when the coils are on the point of separation.
The amount of the initial tension can be regulated to some extent
and it varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, but reasonable
maximum value of the corresponding stress. initial tension
563. Gears with the teeth of the wheels so designed that order gear
wheels of the same diametral pitch, but with any number of teeth,
will mesh together correctly.
interchangeable gears
564. A fit in which the limits for the mating parts are such that
interference always occurs when a pair of parts is brought
together for assembly.

interference fit

565. A wheel connecting two other toothed wheels in a clock or watch

so that the latter need not be made larger and alter the relative
direction of rotation of the followers. .

intermediate wheel

566. Has teeth cut on the inside of the rim instead of an the outside.

internal or annular gear

567. A spur wheel with teeth on the inside of the periphery..

internal spur gear

568. Are called female threads.

internal threads

569. A metric system in which the pitch of the thread is related to the
diameter, the thread having a rounded root and a flat crest.

international screw thread

570. The store of energy possessed by a material system. Changes in
this energy depend solely upon the initial and final conditions.

intrinsic energy

571. Wheel teeth whose flank profile is the locus of the end of string
uncoiled from a base circle.

involute gear teeth

572. Is the most important representation of an alloy system the designer

will encounter. It provides a complete picture of phase relations,
microstructure, and temperature for the knowledge for the
knowledgeable heat treatment of steel. iron-carbon equilibrium diagram
573. Material have the same properties in all directions. ..

isotropic

574. A material whose physical properties do not vary with direction.

.

isotropic material

575. Is a test in which a specimen, supported at one end as a cantilever

beam, is broken by the impact of a falling pendulum. The energy
absorbed in breaking the specimen is a measure of the impact
strength. Impact values in the tables should be considered more
qualities than quantitative because the actual variation of samples
from the same universe is quite wide.
izod test
576. An outer casing of a boiler, pipe or cylinder containing a liquid to
heat or cool the internally enclosed object. Alternatively the
casing may hold an insulating material to keep the content at
an even temperature. ..

jacket

577. A small shaft within a machine for transmitting small amount of

power or the phase relationship of the rain shaft. jackshaft
578. The locking of pair of nuts by tightening them against each other on
a threaded rod, screw or bolt. In an assembly of two components,
the thinner locknut should preferably be between the main nut

and the component.

jam nuts

579. The part of machine, which grips hold of then workpiece. ..

jaw

580. A mathematical vector that specifies the time rate of change of

acceleration. It is the third derivative of displacement with
respect to time.

jerk

581. A condenser in which steam is condensed by a water spray. ..

jet condenser

582. A colloquial term for any type of engine, which produces thrust
by means of a jet of hot combustion, gases. ..

jet engine

583. A precision drilling and boring machine used in the tool room for
making master jigs and prototype precision work.

jig borer

584. The accurate location of the workpiece by jigs and the subsequent
grinding of a hole to finished size by a suitable grinding head
and wheel. ..

jig grinding

585. A hydraulic lift operated by a short-stroke hydraulic ram through

a system of ropes and pulleys which increase the travel.

jigger

586. A thin narrow-bladed saw with a reciprocating vertical motion

imparted by a crank and levers, now mainly replaced by the
band saw.

jigger saw

587. Holding work in jigs during machining and assembly, thus

facilitating interchange of components. ..

jigging

588. A swiveling tool-head cutting during each stroke of the stroke of

the table of a planing machine. .

jim-crow

589. A small pulley wheel, which weighted so that it keeps a drive belt
or chain.

jockey pulley

590. A small projection on one piece of metal, which its into a

corresponding recess on another piece to prevent relative
movement.

joggle

591. That part of a shaft supported by a bearing and in contact with it.

journal

592. A support consisting of a box-form casting split horizontally and

surroundings a shaft journal. .
593. A spring attached to a jumper for holding a star wheel in place

journal bearing
jumper spring

594. A key is a rigid connector between a shaft and the hub of another
components such as a pulley, gear, or cam. Its purpose is to
prevent relative rotation between the two parts. If a key is to be
used, a key seat must be provided in this shaft and a key way in
the hub at the other part. A key seat weakens the shafts thus the

design stress for the shaft has to be reduced. . keys

595. A jaw chuck with jaws adjustable by screws turned by a key spanner
. key chuck
596. A shallow longitudinal slot cut in shaft or a hub receiving a key

keyway

597. Is steel that has been deoxidized with a strong deoxidizing agent,
such as silicon or aluminum, in order to eliminate a reaction
between the carbon and oxygen during solidification. Ingots of
killed steel are sounder, containing fewer gas holes, and more
homogeneous than non-killed or rimmed steel; these are desirable
characteristics for forging and heavy rolled sections.. killed steel
598. Is the absolute viscosity of the fluid divided by its density, each
expressed in the same system of units. kinematic viscosity
599. The energy of a body by virtue of its motion. A body mass moving
with velocity has a kinetic energy of mv2, or rotating with
angular velocity and moment of inertia I, has a rotational
kinetic energy of I 2. .

kinetic energy

600. The value of the limiting friction after slipping has occurred, being
slightly less than the static friction.

kinetic friction

601. Hardened-steel bearing edge working on a horizontal surface or

the inner circumference of a ring permitting fine balance of the
adjacent part.

knife-edges

602. A gearing which has teeth with a cross-sectional profile consisting

of semi-circles above and below the pitch circle.

knuckle gearing

603. A hinged joint between two rods, a pin connecting the eye on one
with a forked end on the other. .

knuckle joint

604. A washer designed to prevent loosening of a nut or a bolt head.

lack washer

605. Resemble bolts on the head end and wood screws on the threaded
end. Primarily used to secure machinery to the base of a crate
during shipping. ..
lag screws
606. Made up of the plates or sheet called laminates. .

Laminated

607. The alighting gear of an aircraft. .

landing gear

608. A riveted welded or bonded joint in which one member overlaps

the other.

lap joint

609. A split and sprung gear or nut in which relative motion of the two
parts is prevented, on reversal of load, by a self-locking wedge

with a light spring. ..

lashlock

610. Is the direction of the predominant surface pattern, usually

determined by the production method, as tool marks. .
611. A an auxiliary, or secondary, geared shaft. .

lay
lay shaft

612. Is the distance in inches a screw thread advances axially in one

turn. On a single-thread screw, the lead and pitch are identical.

lead

613. The screw, which runs longitudinally in front of the bed of lathe,
and the master screw used for cutting a screw thread. .

lead screw

614. The springs carrying the axle boxes of the leading wheel of
locomotives and rolling stock. .

leading springs

615. A curved spring consisting of thin plates superimposed and acting

independently, to form a beam or cantilever of uniform strength.
.

leaf spring

616. A screw, which turns counterclockwise when being inserted. ..

leaf-hand screw

617. A screw thread which, when viewed along its axis, appears to rotate
counterclockwise as it goes away from the observer, the reverse
of the common wood-screw. .. left-hand thread
618. A rigid rod or beam pivoted at a right. ..

lever

619. A concentric chuck actuated by a lever instead of a screw. .

lever chuck

620. The frictional force, which when increased slightly, will cause
slipping. .

limiting friction

621. The greatest range of stress about a mean stress of zero that a
metal can withstand for an indefinite number of cycles without
failure. .
limiting range of stress
622. Is all points of contacts between mating teeth properly lie
somewhere on this line, which is also the generating line. line of action
623. A line passing through two or more centers in machinery or in a
mechanism. line of centers
624. Is one driven by a prime mover, power is taken from it by belts or
chains, usually at several points along the shaft. line shaft
625. The main shafting once used in factories to transmit power from
the power source to individual machines.

line shafting

626. A roller-bearing which allows linear motion, the rollers returning

along a recirculation channel.

linear roller-bearing

627. A separate and renewable, sleeve placed within an engine cylinder

to provide a more durable rubbing surface for the piston rings.
628. Arranging the bearings of an engine crankshaft, etc., in perfect
alignment.
629. A unit in a chain. .
630. A belting composed of a number of short links, arranged parallel
and retained in position by pins, which permit the links to pivot
freely and bend around small pulleys for transmitting power
over a short distance. ..
631. A piston-cylinder combination used in airplane suspension units,
the piston forcing hydraulic fluid through a small hole. ..

liner
lining-up
link

link belting
liquid spring

632. The power output of an engine or power plant under given

circumference. ..

load

633. A rock railway with the rock centrally located and with the teeth
on each side in which horizontal cog-wheels work.

locker lock

634. An auxiliary nut used in conjunction with another to prevent it form

loosening under vibration. ..

locknut

635. The lever that locks the chiming mechanism in a clock.

locking lever

636. The two springs controlling the locking level and the hammer arbor
in a striking clock. .

locking spring

637. A wheel geared into the warning wheel pinion with a ling and large
pivot, at its pinion end, which is filed square and onto which the
gathering pallet is fitted. ..

locking wheel

638. Wire used to secure nuts and pipe unions from vibrating loose. .. locking wire
639. A shaft coupling capable of instant disconnection. .

loose coupling

640. A pulley mounted freely on a shaft and generally used in connection

with a fast pulley to provide means for starting and stopping a
shaft by shifting a driving belt from one to the other loose pulley
641. A substance for reducing friction between bearing surfaces in
relative motion, such as oil, graphite, air under pressure, etc. .. lubricant
642. The distribution of a lubricant between moving surfaces in contact
to reduce the friction between them.

lubrication

643. Any contrivance for supplying a lubricant to bearing surfaces.

lubricator

644. Is a somewhat indefinite properly that refers to the relative ease

with which a material can be cut. In the case of steels, cold-drawn

AISI B1112 being cut with a high-speed tool-steel tool and with
a proper cutting is usually taken as 100 %. Free-cutting brass is
a reference for copper alloys.

machinability

645. An apparatus consisting of an assemblage of parts, some fixed

and some movable, by which mechanical power is applied at
one point to transmit a force or motion at another point. .

machine

646. An old name for an unfinished through bolt, comes with a square,
hexagonal, or round head and with coarse or fine threads. .

machine bolt

647. Similar to studs. Used primarily to secure a plate to another

component. Used for lighter applications. . machine screws and cap screws
648. The operation of removing material from work by machine. machining
649. Machinery belting with iron strips inserted at intervals along its
length so that grip is increased when passing over a
magnetized pulley.

magnetic belting

650. The bearings for an engines crankshaft.

main bearing

651. The belt from the power unit to the main driving pulley in a workshop,
whose machines are belt-driven. .. main driving belt
652. The principal pulley on a line of shafting. .

main driving pulley

653. The main source of power in a clock or watch. mainspring

654. The means by which a mainspring is attached to its barrel. .

mainspring hook

655. A tool cooling a mainspring prior to its inserted drawal from the
barrel.

mainspring winder

656. Is the diameter of the imaginary cylinder that bound the crest of
an external thread and the rocks of an internal thread. .

major diameter

657. Is a materials susceptibility to extreme deformation in rolling or

hammering. The more malleable the metal, the thinner, the
sheet which it can be formed.

malleability

658. Malleable iron is heat-treatment while cast iron.

malleable

659. Is an annealing process whereby combined carbon in white cast

iron is transformed wholly or in part to temper carbon. Temper
carbon in the from of rounded nodules, characteristics forms in
graphitizing and malleabilizing.

malleabilizing

660. A reciprocating gear wheel with its teeth so arranged that it turns
back and forth on its center without making a full revolution. ..

mangle wheel

661. A boss carrying two, three or four helical-shaped blades, which

produce the thrust, drives a ship.

marine screw propeller

662. An extra wide gear wheel which enables it to mesh with more than
one standard width gear wheel even if the standard width gears
share a common radial disposition relative to the Marlborough
wheel.

Marlborough wheel

663. A radial gear of Hackworth type in which the straight guide is

replaced by a curved slot to correct inequalities in steam
distribution.

Marshall valve gear

664. A gear used as a reference standard. ..

master gear

665. An extremely accurate tap for used when great accuracy is required
.. master tap
666. A dividing wheel used for cutting gear-teeth. ..

master wheel

667. The maximum excursion from zero, during a given time, of a

non-periodic quantity. .

maximum valve

668. Are those that have to do with stress and strain ultimate strength
and percentage elongation. mechanical properties
669. Spring steel loops set in axial slots in a pair adjacent flanges
attached to two independent shafts. The coupling permit
transmission of torque between the shaft, even if the coaxial
alignment is poor. metal spring coupling
670. A standard screw thread in which the diameter and pitch are
specified in millimeters.

metric screw thread

671. Gearing comprising cog wheels, pulleys, shaft bearings belting. . mill gearing
672. The head of an adjusting screw roughened or cut in a succession
of ridges to provide a good grip.
673. An imaginary cylindrical surface, which just touches the roots of
an external thread or the crest of an internal thread. .

milled head
minor cylinder

674. Is the diameter of the imaginary cylinder that bounds the roots of
an external thread or the crests of an internal thread. ..

minor diameter

675. A pair of bevel gear wheels in mesh having their shafts at right
angles. .

miter gear

676. The reciprocal of impedance.

mobility

677. The spacing of adjacent teeth of a gear divided by . When

measured in inches, the module is the reciprocal of the
diametral pitch.

module

678. Below the proportional limit, stress s is proportional to strain e,

and the proportionality constant in tension. ... modulus of elasticity
679. The product of the mass of a body and its velocity.

momentum

680. A cast of machine wheel containing mortises or slots cut in its

receive wooden cogs instead of iron teeth. .

Mortise wheel

681. Thin flat ratio wound up on it self as a plane spiral, usually

anchored at the inside end, an energy source to drive clocks,
toys, etc. ..

motor spring

682. The mechanism of a clock or watch, excluding the case and dial.

movement

683. A screw of coarse pitch with several threads to reduce the size of
thread, to increase the relative size of the core and to obtain a
higher velocity ratio. .. multiple-threaded screw
684. A thread formed by a combination of two or more helical grooves
equally spaced along the axis.
multi-start screw thread
685. Cylindrical roller bearings are also made with relatively long rollers.
.. needle bearing
686. An inverted stoppered flask, fitted to a bearing with a wire loosely
fitting in the stopper and touching the shaft.

needle lubricator

687. Embroidery machines of the single-needle type.

needle machine

688. A movement in any part of a loom achieved by using springs or

weighs. ..

negative moment

689. The state of a body when a slight displacement does not alter its
potential energy. ..

neutral equilibrium

690. When the gearing of a car is arranged so that no power can be

transmitted, the engine or car is said to be in neutral gear. ..

neutral gear

691. The mid-length gap between adjoining leaves of a loosely stacked

leaf spring. .

nip

692. The location of gear wheels at a nodal point of a shaft system.

nodal gearing

693. The distance between the teeth measured on the pitch surface
along a normal to the helix.

normal circular

694. Is the heating of an iron-base alloy to some 100F above the

transformation range with subsequent cooling to below that
range in still air at room temperature. The purpose is to produce

a uniform structure. ..

normalizing

695. This is a mode of vibration w/c can exists independently of other

modes of vibration of the system. . normal mode of vibration
696. The pitch of the traces of adjacent corresponding tooth flanks of
helical, spur and worm gears measured along a common normal.
.. normal pitch
697. The mating part of screwed members, which are rotated and
tighten their hold. The heads may have various shapes square,
etc., to for the spanners used to rotate them. .

nut

698. This form of nut has a toroidal piece of nylon built into it, which is
deformed by the thread of the mating screw increasing the
friction of the nut when assembled. ..

nyloc nut

699. A projection which two of three mutually perpendicular edges are

drawn at right angles while the third is at any angle to the
horizontal, usually 30 degrees or 45 degrees. ..

oblique projection

700. The theory of mechanics of materials shows that the result from
the octahedral shear stress theory and those from the maximum
distortion-energy theory are the same. . octahedral shear stress theory
701. Grooves cut in the sliding faces, bearing surfaces, etc., for the
distribution of lubricating oil. .

oil grooves

702. The hardening of cutting tools of high carbon content by heating

and then quenching in oil, which cools it less suddenly than in
water. .

oil hardening

703. A ring outside a roller-bearing to prevent the escape of oil from

the bearing. ..

oil-sealing ring

704. A pair of flanges, with opposed faces carrying diametral slots,

between which a floating disc is supported through corresponding
diametral tongues arranged at right angles so as to connect two
misaligned shafts. Oldham coupling
705. A direct-drive belt with driving and driven pulleys revolving in the
same direction. ..

open belt

706. The separation of wrap threads so that they are moved only when
required to change position. ..

open shedding

707. Stresses alternating between tension and compression. As in a

wohler test.

oscillating stresses

708. When the wheels of a gear train are disengaged.

out of gear

709. A single-web crank attached to a crankshaft outside the main

bearings. ..

outside crank

710. A compound chuck in which the eccentricity is controlled by a

worm wheel and a tangent screw.

oval chuck

711. The last coil of a balance spring raised above its plane and bent
to form a terminal curve.
712. A pulley attached to a shaft beyond the last bearing.

over coil
overhanging pulley

713. The end portion of a shaft, over hanging beyond its last bearing.
.

overhanging shaft

714. A camshaft running across the top of the cylinder heads of an

engine and usually driven by a bevel-shaft or timing chain from
the crankshaft. The cams operate on rockers or directly on the
vale-steams. .

overhead camshaft

715. Machinery working over head. ..

overhead gear

716. Single trolley tracks hung from a ceiling or rope.

overhead tracks

717. A coupling specially designed so that when a present torque is

exceeded the transmission of power is terminated. ..

overload coupling

718. Water wheel w/o is turned by the weight of the water that runs into
the buckets at the top of the periphery from the discharge flume.
.

overshot wheel

719. The result of stressing an elastic material beyond its yield point..

over strain

720. The paddle-wheel shaft which is driven directly by the engine cranks.
. paddle shaft
721. Wheels at the sides or stem of a ship, fitted with blades parallel to
the shaft that dip into the water to propel the vessel.

paddle wheel

722. A feed hopper in which a rotating paddle wheel supplies small

objects to a delivery chute. paddle wheel hopper
723. A rectangular key with parallel side used in marine tail shafts.
724. A thread formed on the surface of a cylinder. .

parallel key

parallel screw thread

725. A support for a shaft or other parts of a mechanism. .

pedestal

726. A term used to describe bearing held in a cast, forged or welded

support in w/c is frequently bolted to a main structure.

pedestal bearing

727. The thin ribbon of spring steel used for suspending the pendulum

in a clock.

pendulum spring

728. Is the extension in the vicinity of the fracture of a tensile

specimen, expressed as a percentage of the original gage
length, as 20% in 2 in. percentage elongation
729. Is the smallest area at the point of rupture of a tensile specimen
divided by the original area. . percentage reduction of area
730. Exclude, mechanical properties, and are other physical properties
such as density, conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion.
. physical properties
731. A small axle on which a lever oscillates or a small spindle carrying
a pulley. .

pin

732. Set of joints in mechanism where the only connection is a pin

without w/c both jointed parts can turn without restriction.

pin-jointed

733. A sprocket chain. .. pintle chain

734. A wheel with pins fixed at right angles to its plane for hammer of
a striking clock or repeater, also called hammer, wheel. pinwheel
735. A rotary gear. A rotary disc carrying an array of pins or teeth which
mesh with a pinion that slides on the shaft at right angles to the
axis of discs rotation.

pinwheel gear

736. Is the axial distance from a point on screw thread to a

corresponding point on the adjacent thread. pitch
737. Is the angle subtended by an arc on the pitch circle equal in length
to the circular pitch. .

pitch angle

738. A chain of flat links between whose sides the projections of a

sprocket wheel engage. .

pitch chain

739. The basis of measurement of gears.

pitch circle

740. The contacting cones of a bevel gear on which the normal pressure
angles are equal; they are coaxial with the rotation of the gears.

pitch cone
741. The collective and cyclic pitch controls of the helicopters main
rotor. .

pitch control

742. The intersection of the tooth surfaces in the pitch cone. .

pitch curve

743. The cylinder of a worm wheel coaxial with its axis of rotation, on
which the transverse pitches equals, the axial pitch.

pitch cylinder

744. The contacting cylinders of helical and spur gears on which the

normal pressure angles are equal, each is coaxial with the

rotation of its gears.

pitch cylinder

745. The diameter of the pitch circle.

pitch diameter

746. The instantaneous axis of relative motion of either of two bevel

with respect to the other, that is, the common elements of
contact of the pitch cones when rolling without slipping. .

pitch element

747. The line or circle upon which the centers or the pitches of the
wheel teeth are measure. ..

pitch line

748. A plain in axially toothed worm wheels parallel to both the axes of
the worm and worm wheel and tangential to the pitch cylinder of
the worm wheel. pitch plane
749. The point of tangency of the pitch circles of making gears. ..

pitch point

750. The blade angle of an adjustable or variable-pitch propeller. pitch setting

751. Surfaces that roll together with no sliding such as the pitch cones
of bevel gears and the pitch cylinders of spurs and helical gears.
.
752. All the machinery and its framework erected over a pits mouth
for arising and lowering the cage. .
753. A mortise wheel revolving in a pit on a horizontal axis, usually the
first motion wheel in a water-or windmill. .

pitch surfaces
pit-head gear
pit wheel

754. The kind of wear referred to here is that which occurs because of
a fatigue failure of the surface material as a result of high contact
stresses. . pitting
755.A simple hard-wearing low-friction surface supporting a revolving
shaft. .

plain bearing

756. Used to distribute the load over a larger area.

plain washers

757. A wheel revolving around or within the circumference of another

wheel, by which it is driven. In some cases the planet wheel is
driven by its own shaft.

planet wheel

758. An epicyclic gear with a fixed annulus, a rotating sun wheel, a

rotating planet carrier and planet wheels rotating about their
own spindles.

planetary gear

759. Cutting tools for a planning machine clamped vertically in a block

pivoted in the clapper box on the head. ..

planner tools

760. Hypoid-type gearing with the pinion offset limited to one-sixth to

on-third of the gear diameter. They are used in 1.5 to 1 up to 10
to 1 velocity ratio range.

planoid gears

761. Is the ability of a metal to be deformed considerably without

rupture. In a plastic deformation, the material does not return to
its original shape.

plasticity

762. A cam profile out of a plate material.

plate cam

763. A thin, flat metal gauge for measuring space.

plate-gauge

764. A chain with flat links united by pins passing through holes near
the end of the links. .

plate link chain

765. The force acting a perpendicular to the friction surface of a clutch.

.

plate load

766. A shaft joint or coupling permitting axial or plugging movement. .

plunning joint

767. A box-form casing holding the brasses or other bearing metal for
a journal bearing on line shafting and split horizontally to take
up wear.

plummer block

768. A continuous braking system in which air pressure is applied to

brake cylinders throughout a train.

pneumatic brake

769. A horizontal bar supporting the points.

point bar

770. Is the ration of the lateral strain to the longitudinal strain when the
element is loaded with a longitudinal tensile force.

Poissons ratio

771. An undershot wheel with curved instead of the more usual flat
vanes, and consequently more efficient. .

Poncelot wheel

772. A tubular rivet containing a hard steel pin the tail of which
protrudes from the head of the rivet. It is possible to insert the
rivet and complete the joint without any access to the far side
of the joints.
773. A gauge for checking geometrical relationships within assigned
tolerances. .

pop rivet
position gauge

774. The energy of a body by virtue of its position or of its state of

tension or compression as in a spring. A body of mass m at a
height h above the ground has a potential energy of mgh..

potential energy

775. A rotating circular table, mounted on a vertical pillar and driven by

human or other power, on which hollow or other power, on
which hollow ware is made prior to firing. .

potters wheel

776. The rate of doing work. For unit of power.

power

777. Brings about the precipitation of a constituent from a

supersaturated solid solution by holding the body at an
elevated temperature, also called artificial aging. In some
alloys, precipitation may also occur at ambient temperatures,
a process called aging. . precipitation heat treatment
778. A combination of two ball joints joined together by a shimming
material whose thickness is adjusted so that there is no backlash.
. preloaded ball screw
779. The actual measured in an axial plane between the axis of a
helical or worm gear and a normal to the tooth profile at a
point on the reference cylinder. pressure angle (axial)
780. The acute angle between a radial line passing through any point
on the tooth surface of a helical spur or worm gear and a tangent
plane to the tooth surface at that point. pressure angle (normal)
781. The acute angle between the normal to a tooth profile of a helical,
spur or worm gear in a transverse plane at its point of intersection
with the reference circle and the tangent to the reference circle
at that point. . pressure angle (transverse)
782. The transverse pressure angle measure with reference to the pitch
circle instead of the reference circle. .. pressure angle (working transverse)
783. An engine or mechanism converting a natural source of energy
into mechanical power. ..

prime mover

784. The suddenly fractured surface has a lustrous crystalline

appearance characteristic of all brittle failures. ..

progressive fracture

785. A spring in which the spring rates increases with an increase

deflection.

progressive spring

786. An absorption dynamometer where the torque of an engine is

absorbed by a pair of friction blocks bolted together across a
brake drum and is balanced by weighs at the end of an arm
attached to the blocks, alternatively, the arm is secured to a
band encircling the flywheel or pulley of the engine.

prony brake

787. Is that stress which causes a specified permanent deformation

of a material, usually 0.01% or less. ..

proof stress

788. The driving shaft conveying the engine power from the gearbox to
the rear or front axle of a motor vehicle usually connected
through universal joints to allow for vertical displacement of the
axle on the springs. ..

propeller shaft

789. Is, for practical engineering purposes, coincident with the elastic

limit, but is precisely defined as the stress at which the areas

the stress strain curve deviates from a straight line. . proportional limit
790. A wheel on a shaft with either a cambered rim for carrying an
endless belt or grooved for carrying a rope, vee-belt or chain. . pulley
791. Four screw in the run of a composition balance used for rating
a watch. .

quarter screw

792. The rapid cooling of steels from an above critical temperature by

plunging them into water, oil, salt, a molten metal or a cold
blast of air.

quenching

793. The direct lift of crane instead of through intermediate gearing. ..

quick gear

794. Transmission through a quill. A drive through a hollow shafts

concentric with a solid shaft, but on separate bearings. The
shafts can be connected by a clutch or by a flange at one end to
provide a flexible drive. In a geared quill drive the quill carries a
gear wheel which is geared to a pinion on a shaft. . quill drive
795. The gear operating the block carriage of a crane. .

racking gear

796. The movable cantilever supporting the drilling saddle in a radial

machine. ..

radial arm

797. This term is often further described by the action it generates,

such as constant velocity, constant acceleration/deceleration
or simple harmonic motion. ..

radial cam

798. Is the difference in the radii of the bearing and the journal. .

radial clearance

799. A paddle wheel with fixed float boards fastened directly to the
arms with their faces radiating from the center of the wheel. ..

radial paddle wheel

800. The valve-gear of a steam engine in which the slide valve is given
independent component motions proportional to the sine and
cosine of the crank angle. ..

radial valve-gear

801. A bolt with a broad, rough tapered head used for attaching
machinery or metal structures to masonry, etc. ..

rag bolt

802. A wheel with inclined teeth for engaging with a pawl, which allows
only forward motion and arrests backward running.

ratchet wheel

803. A proprietary bolt within a surrounding segmented shell which is

expanded as a square pyramid-shaped nut is traversed along
the bolt thread toward its head during tightening. It has the same
uses as the rag bolt but not need not be case into mortar,
requiring only a drilled hole. rawbolt
804. An enclosed wheel actuated by water pressured as in a turbine..

reaction wheel

805. Is brittleness in steel when it is red-hot.

red shortness

806. Associated with creep, is the decreasing stress at a constant

strain, important for metals in high-temperature service. .

relaxation

807. Are those not due to applied loads or temperature gradients,

they exist for various reasons, as unequal cooling rates, cold
working, etc. .

residual stresses

808. Accomplished by incorporating the work piece into an electric circuit.

The resistance of the piece to the flow of electric current produces
heat. This heat, with proper pressure, produces the weld. resistance welding
809. A large negative pitch selling of a setting of a propeller after an
aeroplane has landed, to act as an air brake. reverse pitch
810. Is incompletely deoxidized steel. Ingots of this steel have a surface
layer free of slag inclusions and gas pockets, which results in the
optimum surface on rolled sheets. ..
rimmed steel
811. The gear by which an engine provides power for movement in a
direction opposite to the normal direction. ..

riverse gear

812. A pair of steel plates, one with a projecting lip on one edge and the
other with a recess of the same length, which are used as a
wedge to drive two machine parts away from each other.

riverse key

813. Gear which reverses the direction of motion of an engine,

machine or mechanism.

reversing gear

814. A screw having a right-hand thread. ..

right-hand screw

815. A large pulley on the rim shaft of a cotton-spinning mule

transmitting power to the roller, which drives the spindles. .

rim wheel

816. Any large diameter gear in the form of an annulus. .

ring gear

817. Circular nuts, often used to attach parts to shafts. They are
tightened by using a special key or spanner. .

ring nut

818. This consists of a alternately internally bevelled and externally

bevelled rings enclosed in a cylinder. Axial compression of the
assembled rings causes contraction of the internal rings
expansion of the external rings as the mating bevelled edges
slide on each other to allow axial contraction. ..

ring spring

819. A metal pin with a circular shank and a head of various shapes.

rivet

820. A commercial indentation test using a conical indenter for hard

metals and a spherical indenter for soft metals. Rockwell Hardness Test

821. A bearing on a shaft composed of a number of steel rollers

located by a cage between inner and outer steel races. .

roller bearing

822. Several rollers held in links and used to form a linear bearing.

roller chain

823. The friction force during rolling as distinct from sliding. .

rolling friction

824. A rope encircling a brake drum or flywheel with the one end loaded
with weighs and the other supported by a spring balance. The
absorbed torque is equal to the difference of the tensions
multiplied by the drum radius.

rope brake

825. Is the relatively finely spaced irregularities of the surface. .

roughness

826. A circular pin or bar which fits into a hole drilled half in the boss and
half in the shaft parallel to the shaft axis usually for light work. . round key
827. A grinding wheel in which the bonding material is of rubber, which
softens under the heat of grinding and acts both as a cushion for
the abrasive grains and as a buff to polish out the grain marks.
... rubber bond grinding wheel
828. A term for parts which are assembled so that they are free to rotate.

running fit
829. A key with a concave face bearing on the surface on the shaft
which it grips by function only, being sunk in a keyway. .
saddle key
830. A friction coupling adjusted to slip at a given torque so as to
protect the remainder of the system from overload. .

safety coupling

831. A power wheel fitted with scoops for lifting water for drainage.

scoop wheel

832. Occurs when the oil film fails, but in this case, the loads and speed
are so high that the surface metal is melted and the metal is
smeared down the profile. ..

scoring

833. The stress in the cross-sections of the wires during the process of
scragging. ..

scragged springs

834. Is one that has no nut and turns into a washer face. .

screw

835.A square-threaded screw on the lower end of the steering column

of an automobile engages a nut provided with trunnions, which
work in blocks sliding in a short slotted arm carried by the
drop-arm spindle. screw and nut steering gear
836. The area of a circle described by the blade tips of a propeller. ..

screw area

837. A chain barrel with a continuous groove to receive the edges of

alternative links in the groove with the other links lying flat on
the periphery. ..

screw barrel

838. A sector of a screw thread forming one of the blades of a marine

propeller. ..

screw blade

839. The area of the oblique surfaces of the blades of a marine propeller.
screw blade area
840. A positive displacement rotary compressor. The gas is progressively
compressed, as it is forced between two mating helical screws in
an axial direction. . screw compressor
841. The coupling joining railway rolling stock using a double screw,
right-hand and left-hand, by turning which the coupling is
lengthened or shortened.

screw coupling

842. The formation of screw threads on cylinders by taps and dies by

chasers, in a screw-cutting lathe, or by traversing mandrel. .

screw cutting

843. A lathe fitted with a lead screw and change wheels so that different
rates of feed can be given to the slide rest relative to the rotation
of the lathe mandrel.

screw-cutting lathe

844. A thin steel plate with V-shaped notches which can be matched
against a correctly ground thread-cutting tool. .. screw-cutting tool setting gauge
845. These are hardened steel pins with a thin multi- start helical
flange along the shank, like a screw thread, that can be driven
or hammered to quickly attach non-structural items to metal
castings and some plastics. .

screw drive

846. Gearing in which the teeth are not parallel with the axes of the shaft.
. screw gearing
847. A cheese head is a cylindrical head.

screw heads

848. A jack consisting essentially of a vertical screw working in a nut

raised by the rotation of the nut by hand gear and a long lever,
and provided with a ratchet. ..

screw jack

849. Machines used for turning and threading small screws, etc. From
rod or bar through a hollow spindle.

screw machines

850. A pile with a wide screw or helix at the foot which is rotated to
drive it into the ground. .

screw pile

851. The distance between corresponding points on adjacent thread

forms, measured parallel to and on the same side of the axis.

screw pitch

852. A small instrument containing a number of gauges, mounted like

blades on a pocketknife, for ascertaining the number of threads
per centimeter of a screw. .

screw pitch gauge

853. A hardened-steel plate used for cutting small screw, in which there
are a number of screwing dies of different sizes. ..

screw plate

854. The number of threads per inch.

screw rate

855. A coarse threaded screw, the start of which is tapered and partially
removed circumferentially, that cuts its own thread in the material
into which it is screwed. screw self-tapping
856. The surface formed by the development of a helix or of a propeller
blade. .

screw surface

857. The ridge on the surface of a cylinder or cone produced by forming

a continuous helical or spiral groove of uniform section and such
that the distance between two corresponding points on its
contour measured parallel to the axis is proportional to their
relative angular displacement about the axis.

screw thread

858. A form of variable gears in which the pitch surface is in the form
of a scroll, thus imparting a gradually increasing rate of motion
to a shaft.
859. A form of toothed gearing with wheels broken up into sectors of
different curvatures, each pair of arcs transmitting different
velocity ratios in an intermittent motion.
860. Gears with teeth, which are not continuous around the periphery.

861. A ball-bearing with two rows. ..

scroll gear
sector gears
segmental gears

self-aligning ball-bearing

862. Have proved economical in many assembly operations involving

plastics, die castings, and sheets metal. ..

self-tapping screws

863. The United States standard thread with a profile angle of 60

degrees and a flat crest formed by cutting-off one-eight of the
thread height. sellers screw thread
864. A carriage spring consisting of a pair of curved steel strips, one
inverted, attached to each to each other at the ends, their
arrangement resembling an ellipse.

semi-elliptic spring

865. Used to prevent relative circular motion between two parts, such as
shafts and pulleys. Used only where torque requirements are low.
. set screws

866. Is a rotating member transmitting power.

867. When the axes intersect as in bevel gears, the angle between
these axes within which the pitch lies; it is equal to the sum of

shaft

the pitch angles of the wheel and pinion.

shaft angle

868. The steel has low hardenability. ..

shallow quenching

869. A deformation in which parallel planes in a body remain parallel,

but are displaced in a direction parallel to themselves.

shear

870. The plane of the material, which is subjected to shear from

external forces.

shear face

871. The force that induces shear in body. .

shear force

872. A graphical representation of the shear force acting on every part

of a body.

shear force diagram

873. A method of cutting metal in sheet or plate from between two

straight blades with out the formation of ships. ..

shearing

874. With reference to the cross-section of a beam and to either

principal axis it is the moment of inertia with respect to that axis
divided by the distance from the axis of the axis of the most
remote pint on the cross-section.

shear modulus

875. A safety device in a power transmission system, strong enough to

transmit the design loads but weak enough to fail under the shear
induced by more severe loads. ..
shear pin
876. Are used as coupling, or in addition to other couplings where,
in case of overload, there is danger. ..
shear pins or breaking pins
877. A grooved pulley used in conjunction with ropes or V-belts. ..

sheave

878. A cylindrical bearing composed of two semi-circular plain bearings.

. shell bearing
879. A chain consisting of alternate flat steel links connected by pins. . silent chain
880. It is a good general purpose deoxidizes and promotes fine grain. silicon
881. A gear consisting of one pinion and one wheel only in combination.
.

single gear

882. An alloy of silver, copper and zinc melting at about 700C..

silver solden

883. A thread formed by a single continuous helical groove. single-start screw thread
884. A screw with a single-start thread. .

single start thread

885. Bevel gears whose axes are not in the same plane. ..

skew bevels

886. A wheel with a long hollow boss which fits over and slides along
a shaft. ...

sleeve wheel

887. The gear for slewing a travelling crane, normally consisting of

friction cones which actuate a vertical shaft; this last revolves in
a pinion in a curb ring on the cranes truck ..

slewing gear

888. A chain consisting if three turning pairs and one sliding pair ..

slider- crank chain

889. A guide pulley free to move along its shafts.

sliding pulley

890. Actual movement (or sliding) of the belt relative to the pulley .. slip
891. An electromechanical brake acting directly on the rails of the
tramway ..

slipper brake

892. a hexagonal nut with radial slots cut it in so that a split pin or locking
wire may be passed through a hole in the bolt to lock the nut. .. slotted nut
893. The double or multiple purchase gear of cranes and hoisting
machinery ..

slow gear

894. An alloy of tin and lead melting at about 180o C. .

soft solder

895. an epicyclic gear with a rotating annulus, fixed sun wheel,

a rotating planet carrier and planet wheels rotating about their
own spindles. ...

solar gears

896. The not bonding of metal parts, using a thin film of low melting
point alloy. ..

soldering

897.A coupling forged in a solid piece with its shaft, as a propeller shaft.
solid coupling
898. In the process of holding an alloy at a suitably high temperature
long enough to permit one or more constituents to pass into solid
solution and then cooling fast enough to hold the constituents as a
supersaturated solution
.. solution heat treatment

899. The ratio of the distance, in a straight line or in a continuous curve,

convered by a moving body to the time taken.

speed
900. A roller bearing with two rows of barrel-shaped of opposite inclination
working in as spherical outer race, thus providing a measure of self
alignment. ...
spherical roller bearing
901. Is any heating and cooling of steel that produces a rounded or
globular form of carbide. Typically, it is prolonged heating at a
temperature slightly below the transformation range usually followed
by a slow cooling; or; for small objects of high-carbon steel, it may
be prolonged heating alternately within and slightly below the
transformation range. .. spheroidizing

902. A bearing carrying with two shafts in line while allowing them to
turn independently. . spigot bearing
903. The toothed wheel in a leading screw cutting lathe. ...

spindle wheel

904. A curve whose radios vector increases or decreases progressively.

...... spiral
905. A spring of round or rectangular cross-section wound in flat spiral
about a central axis which is frequently the shaft supply power to
clockwork mechanisms. .
spiral spring
906. A friction clutch consisting of a split ring, which is expanded
into a sleeve y cam or liver mechanism ..
907. A piece of bent or coiled meal with elastic properties. ..

split ring clutch

spring

908. A clutch in which balls or D-shaped pieces are edged between

drive and driven members with rotation in one direction but are free
when rotation is in the opposite direction. sprag clutch
909. Tells of a relative sharpness of curvature of the coil

spring index

910. A hexagonal nut with tongues on the top which are formed inward.
On assembly the mating screw forces these tongues outward and the
resulting force spring force increases the friction on the assembly.
.. spring locknut
911. Used to place an axial load between a bolt and nut so that the
nut cannot easily unthread. .... spring lock washers
912. A chain suitable for the use of toothed wheel. ..

sprocket chain

913. A nut having four flat sides. ..

square nut

914. That state when a body will return to its original position after a
slight displacement; in other words, a slight displacement will
increase its potential energy. ..

stable equilibrium

915. A nut formed by stamping from spring steel. Usually hexagonal

they are made in variety of forms but have projections which
engage with the bolt thread to give high friction. stamped spring nut
916. The value of the limiting friction just before splitting occurs. .

static friction

917. Is the ability to resist deformation, It is measured by the modulus

of elasticity in the elastic range; the higher the modulus, the
stiffer the material. .... stiffness

918. Widely used; inexpensive fasteners with a nut (usually square).

Loose fit between nut and bolt makes assembly easy. ..

bolt
919. Is a cheap variety of bolt made in small sizes. ..

stove bolt

920. The ratio deflection / dimension of a material over which the

deflection is measured
.

strain

921. The increase in potential energy caused by strain. strain energy

922. Is increasing the hardness and strength by plastic deformation
and temperatures lower than the recrystallization range.
923. Is its capacity to resist the action of applied forces. ....

strain hardening

strength of materials

924. Is the force per unit area. ...

stress

925. The ratio of maximum to minimum stress in fatigue. .

stress ratio

926. Is the heating of metal body to a suitable temperature and holding

it that temperature for a suitable time for the purpose of reducing
internal residual stresses. The internal stresses may be present
because the body has been cast, quenched, normalize, machined,
cold worked or welded. . stress relieving
927. Are among the most widely used type. They are threaded on the
ends and can be used where a true bolt is impossible. . stub bolts
928. A chain with stud links. ..

studded chain

929. Used where a plate s bolted to a rather large and cumbersome parts.
..
studs
930. a key which is sunk into a keyway both hub and shaft. . sunk key
931. A pair of taper keys with one side largely sunk in the hub and the
other in the shaft, two keys facing in opposite directions.

tangential keys

932. Is a stabilizer. . .

tantalum key

933. A rectangular key with parallel side slightly tapered in thickness ,

along its depth for transmitting heavy torques and where
periodical withdrawal of the key maybe a necessity. taper key
934. A thread formed in the surface of the cone. .

taper screw thread

935. A bolt with its head flashed to the shank in one direction and

store

protruding to form a T in the other. It can be inserted through a

slot then twisted axially through aright angle to engage to the side
of the slot.
t-bolt
936. The tooth-shaped projections on the cog-wheels, gear wheels,
ratchet wheels, and many cutting tools. .. teeth
937. A very inert plastic , it makes tough bearing with a dry coefficient. teflon
938. Is conditioned produced in a non-ferrous metal by mechanical
produced or thermal treatment. ... temper
939. Is a reheating of hardened or normalized steel to a temperature
below the transformation range, followed by any desired range
of cooling. Quenched steel is tempered in order to reduce
internal stresses to restore a certain amount of ductility and to
improve toughness. The time and temperature of tempering are
selected in order to give the steel the desired properties. . tempering
940. A helical spring desired to extend with increasing load .
941. When some metal parts under certain conditions crack .

tension spring

thermal shock failure

942. Stress in a structure of the mechanism caused by unequal

expansion of different parts due to differential heating

thermal stress

943. Which soften as the temperature rises and remains soft in the
heated state .

thermoplastic

944. Which undergo chemical change and harden on being heated,

usually under pressure

thermosetting

945. Used with a nut and lock washer. Used to join two parts together
when occasional removal is desired
946. A shaft mounted thrust bearing which transmits movement of the
drivers clutch pedal to disengage a vehicles clutch .

through bolt
throw-out bearing

947. The reversing gear of a marine engine employing only a

single eccentric .

throw-out gear

948. A bearing on a shaft for taking an axial load such as a ball-bearing

with lateral races

thrust bearing

949. Collars on a shaft or spindle which transmit thrust to a thrust

bearing
950. A screw which takes the thrust of a spindle in a drilling or
other machine ..
951. A separate length of shafting on which are formed the collars for
the thrust bearing of a marine engine ..

thrust collars
thrust screw
thrust shaft

952. Used where finger tightening is desired thumb nut or thumb screws
953. A belt with transverse teeth on the inner side of the belt which
engage in slots in the driving and driven wheels

timing belt

954. A shaft for driving the distributor of an internal-combustion engine

.

timing shaft

955. Thin washers placed under the heads of the screws of a balance
to alter its amount of inertia and thus its time of vibration timing washer
956. Toothed wheels on the crankshaft and a camshaft of a motor
vehicle which are connected by a timing chain to give a
reduction ratio between the two

timing wheel

957. The angle between the axis of a bevel gear and the tip cone
generator

tip angle

958. The cylinder containing the tips of the tooth in a helical,

spur or worm gear

tip cylinder

959. The diameter of the tip circle or tip cylinder of a helical,

spur or worm gear

tip diameter

960. Is used for deoxidization and for stabilizing austenitic

stainless steels .

titanium

961. Which is the stated permissible variations of the size of a dimension

. tolerance
962. The turning moment about an axis .

torque

963. IS taken as a constant for a particular sets of condition ..

torque coefficient

964. The application of a twist without any bending, producing

a pure torque .

torsion

965. Is the capacity of material to withstand a shock load without breaking.

The impact strength, though not an absolute measure, evaluates
toughness. Formerly, the energy required to pull standard tensile
specimen in two was taken as the toughness, but this quantity is
not representative because of the effect of the cold working of the
specimen during the slow-speed test ..
toughness
966. A system of wheels and pinions providing an increase in torque
with a reduction in speed or vice versa .

train of gearing

967. A flanged wheel .

tram wheel

968. For ferrous metals in the temperature interval during which

austenite is formed during heating, it is also the temperature

interval during which austenite disappears cooling. Thus, there
are two ranges; these may overlap but never coincide. The range
on heating is higher than that on cooling. ..
transformation range
969. The number divided by the transverse pitch of a gear in inches,
also the number of the teeth in the gear divided by the diameter
of the reference circle in inches .... transverse diametral pitch
970. The production proportionally constant , and also called modulus
of rigidity .

transverse modules

971. The distance between the traces of adjacent teeth of gear

measured around the reference circle .

transverse pitch

972. Laminated springs arranged transversely across a motor vehicle

and parallel to the axles ..

transverse spring

973. Refers to the results of a transverse bend test, the specimen being
mounted as simple beam, also called rupture modulus. It is
frequently applied to brittle materials, especially cast iron ..

transverse strength

974. The actuating gear of a traveling crane .

traveling gear

975. A screw which provided a traversing motion to some part of a

machine tool ..

traversing screw

976. The grooved peripheral stresses have infinite values .

tread

977. If all principal stresses have infinite values ..

triaxial stress

978. A single or double flanged wheel on a trolley ..

trolley wheel

979. A piece of soft metal tubing, the ends of which can de deformed
by a special tool, to clamp two surfaces together ..

tubular rivet

980. A support bearing for long shafts which, when the carriage or
traveler comes into contact with it, pivots on an external support
and allows the carriage to pass, but returns immediately to its
position when released .

tumbler bearing

981. A system of four gears arranged so that the direction of the driven
shaft may be reversed by the interposition of an extra wheel in
the gear ..

tumbler gear

982. Used with two threaded rods. Constructed with internal threads,
one end left-handed and the other right-handed. As the turn
buckle is rotated the rod ends are either drawn closer together
or farther apart. This device is used to tighten cables or to pull
on two parts that tend to separate ..

turnbuckle

983. Two similar turbines mounted on the same horizontal shaft but
discharging in opposite directions and hence balancing the
end thrust

twin-shaft turbine

984. Used with two nuts to secure parts together as in fastening leaf
springs and damping cable ends ..

U-bolt

985. The breaking load under tension ..

ultimate strength

986. The ratio of the highest load applied to a piece of metal . ultimate tensile stress
987. Are used for common assembly work

UNC threads

988. Are often used in aircraft instrument applications used high-grade

alloy steel ..

UNEF threads

989. Are used where vibration problems are frequently encountered .

UNF threads

990. If two principle stress are zero .

uniaxial stress

991. A bolt with a unified screw thread. The nomenclature of the

non-threaded portions across flats .

unified bolt

992. A joint between two shafts which are not necessarily in line and
whose axial position is not necessarily stationary

universal joint

993. That state when a body will move further from its original position
after a slight disturbance, in other words, a slight displacement
will decrease its potential energy

unstable equilibrium

994. Used in producing nails, bolts, screws and similar headed items

upset forging

995. A brake system on passenger trains ..

vacuum brake

996. The mechanical arrangements for actuating valves

valve-gear

997. Various types of cotters for valve springs .

valve-spring cotters

998. Improves the ratio of endurance strength to ultimate strength of

medium carbon steel

vanadium

999. Toothed wheels which transmit varying velocity ratios during the
course of a single revolution

variable gears

1000. A device, consisting of smooth speed cones or expansion pulleys,

whereby the speed ratio between two shafts can be varied
without shifting the belt . variable-speed gear
1001. Belts with a cross-section of vee shaped profile .. v-belt

1002. A screw thread with a vee shaped profile . vee-thread

1003. The rate of change of position, or rate of displacement of a point
with respect to a specified reference frame of coordinates and
expressed in feet per second .

velocity

1004. The ratio of the distance moved through by the point of application
to the corresponding distance moved by the load velocity ratio
1005. A repetition of some valve of velocity in an arbitrarily selected
particle in a mechanism

vibration

1006. Is the load in kilograms divided by the impressed area in square

millimeters ..

vickers number

1007. It has a square-base, diamond pyramid indenter . vickers tester

1008. Wide-strip material wound in a conical helix with strip overlapping,
used where compactness, frictional damping of the turns rubbing
on one another, and a spring rate increasing with deflection,
are advantageous . volute spring
1009. A bevel wheel on a vertical shaft with the teeth facing downward
crown wheel ..

wallow wheel

1010. The last wheel in the striking of a clock, that is held up by the
warming piece ..

warning wheel

1011. Necessary components that go along with threaded fasteners ..

washers

1012. A nut having an attached cylindrical length of greater diameter

then the basic nut upon which it clamps against the mating
part of the assembly

washer faced nut

1013. That part of the profile of a screw thread not fully formed at the root
.. washout thread
1014. Gearing composed of wheels with circumferential groves which fit
into each other and thus provide a friction drive .

wedge gearing

1015. An air brake on railway rolling stock controlled by a reservoir of

compressed air underneath the engine and connected to a
cylinder and piston under each carriage

Westinghouse brake

1016. A whip crane. An arm of a windmill carrying the crosspieces and sails
whip
1017. The space surrounding the impeller of a centrifugal pump into
which it discharges
1018. The fracture is white, most of the carbon is combined chemically

whirlpool chamber

with the iron

white cast iron

1019. Equal to the addendum plus the dedendum . whole depth

1020. Space between teeth measured along the pitch circle
. width of space (tooth space)
1021. The mechanical gear associated with lifts and hoists . winding gear
1022. A key with the shape of a disc segment which is fitted in a shaft
keyway milled by a cutter of the same radius and a normal
keyway in the hub .

woodruff key

1023. Is increasing the hardness and strength by plastic deformation at

temperatures lower the recrystallization range

work hardening

1024. Radial distance from the addendum circle to the working depth
circle. Equal to the sum of the addendums of mating gears ..

working depth

1025. Marks the distance that the mating tooth projects into the tooth space
. working depth circle
1026. The surface stress for a structure or mechanism, based on
experience and distract from any proof stress .

working stress

1027. A helical gear that meshes with a worm wheel in sliding contact worm
1028. A gear in which the worm on a steering column meshes with a
worm ball peg or sector, the latter being attached to the spindle
of a drop arm ..
worm-and-wheel steering gear
1029. Gearing composed of worms and worm wheels .. worm gearing
1030. That portion of a worm bounded by the root cylinder, tip cylinder
and the two helicoid surfaces .

worm thread

1031. Is made by burning the carbon from molten iron and then putting
the product through hammering and rolling operations .

wrought iron

1032. Is steel that has been hammered, rolled, or drawn in the process
of manufacture; it may be plain carbon or alloy steel .

wrought steel

1033. That point in the loading test on a test piece when the deformation

yield point
1034. Stress above which the materials elastic limit is breached,
causing permanent deformation to the material .
1035. The exterior part of an outside screw valve in which the actuating
thread of the stem engages either directly or through a bush or
through a yoke sleeve. The yoke may be integral with or

yield strength

separate from the bonnet

yoke

1036. The ratio of the stretching force, as on a test specimen, per unit
cross-sectional area to the elongation per unit length. Its value
is of the order of 105 Pascals or 107 lbf/in2 for metals

youngs modulus

1037. A trade name for nylon for molding ..

zytel