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    Psychoactive Drugs 1

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    This document discusses psychoactive drugs and their effects on consciousness and addiction potential. It defines psychoactive drugs as chemicals that alter perceptions and moods, and describes physical dependence as needing a drug due to physiological withdrawal symptoms and psychological dependence as needing a drug to relieve negative emotions. It then provides information on various classes of drugs like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens, listing specific examples and their short-term and long-term effects. For each drug class and example, it discusses their addiction potential and mechanisms of action in the brain.

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    Psychoactive Drugs 1

    Uploaded by

    api-286746886
    55 views35 pages
    This document discusses psychoactive drugs and their effects on consciousness and addiction potential. It defines psychoactive drugs as chemicals that alter perceptions and moods, and describes physical dependence as needing a drug due to physiological withdrawal symptoms and psychological dependence as needing a drug to relieve negative emotions. It then provides information on various classes of drugs like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens, listing specific examples and their short-term and long-term effects. For each drug class and example, it discusses their addiction potential and mechanisms of action in the brain.

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    This document discusses psychoactive drugs and their effects on consciousness and addiction potential. It defines psychoactive drugs as chemicals that alter perceptions and moods, and describes physical dependence as needing a drug due to physiological withdrawal symptoms and psychological dependence as needing a drug to relieve negative emotions. It then provides information on various classes of drugs like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens, listing specific examples and their short-term and long-term effects. For each drug class and example, it discusses their addiction potential and mechanisms of action in the brain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    55 views35 pages

    Psychoactive Drugs 1

    Uploaded by

    api-286746886
    This document discusses psychoactive drugs and their effects on consciousness and addiction potential. It defines psychoactive drugs as chemicals that alter perceptions and moods, and describes physical dependence as needing a drug due to physiological withdrawal symptoms and psychological dependence as needing a drug to relieve negative emotions. It then provides information on various classes of drugs like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens, listing specific examples and their short-term and long-term effects. For each drug class and example, it discusses their addiction potential and mechanisms of action in the brain.

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    Drugs and

    Consciousness
    Psychoactive Drug
    a chemical substance that alters perceptions and
    mood (change consciousness)

    Physical Dependence
    physiological need for a drug
    marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms

    Psychological Dependence
    a psychological need to use a drug
    for example, to relieve negative emotions

    Addiction compulsive drug craving and use

    Addiction
    Odds of getting hooked after trying
    various drugs:
    Marijuana 9%
    Alcohol 15%
    Cocaine 17%
    Heroin 23%
    Tobacco 32%

    Dependence and
    Addiction
    Big
    effect

    Drug
    effect

    Tolerance
    diminishing effect
    with regular use

    Response to
    first exposure

    Withdrawal
    After repeated
    exposure, more
    drug is needed
    to produce
    same effect
    Little
    effect
    Small

    Large

    Drug dose

    discomfort and
    distress that
    follow
    discontinued use

    How do they work?

    Drugs change the way our


    neurotransmitters work.

    1. Agonists: bind to receptor sites and


    mimic neurotransmitters
    2. Antagonists: bind to receptor sites and
    prevent neurotransmitters from binding
    3. Others work by increasing or
    decreasing release of specific
    neurotransmitters

    Psychoactive Drugs
    1. Depressants
    drugs that reduce neural activity
    slow body functions

    Includes alcohol, barbiturates, opiates

    2. Stimulants
    drugs that excite neural activity
    speed up body functions

    caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine

    Psychoactive Drugs
    3. Hallucinogens (Psychedelics)
    psychedelic (mind-manifesting)
    drugs that distort perceptions and
    evoke sensory images in the
    absence of sensory input
    LSD, Psilocybin, Marijuana

    Depressants
    Barbiturates (tranquilizers)
    drugs that depress the activity of the
    central nervous system, reducing anxiety
    but impairing memory and judgment
    Nembutal
    Seconal
    Amytal
    Valium

    Barbiturates (tranquilizers)
    Prescribed as sleeping pills - reduce
    anxiety, reduce respiration, reduce
    blood pressure, reduce heart rate and
    reduce rapid eye movement
    (REM)sleep.
    Overdose is lethal
    High potential for physical and
    psychological addiction.

    Depressants
    Opiates
    opium and its derivatives (such as
    morphine and heroin)
    opiates depress neural activity,
    temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
    Analgesic painkiller / drug that relieves
    pain.

    Depressants
    Alcohol
    Most widely used and abused
    recreational drug in America.
    Loss of inhibition, Memory problems,
    poor coordination, suppress breathing,
    reduces self-awareness, permanent
    brain and liver damage
    High potential for physical and
    psychological addiction.

    Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

    Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

    Stimulants
    Cocaine
    Causes self-confidence, euphoria,
    optimism
    Short high increases short term tolerance
    Crack (cocaine, ammonia, water, baking
    soda) is fast-acting, potent, solid
    High potential for physical and
    psychological dependence

    Cocaine Euphoria and Crash

    Stimulants
    Ecstasy (MDMA)
    Hallucinogenic amphetamine
    Visual hallucinations, hyperactivity,
    fatigue, poor concentration
    Long term effects include permanent
    brain damage and panic disorder
    Low potential for physical and
    psychological dependence

    Stimulants
    Amphetamines
    drugs that stimulate neural
    activity, causing speeded-up
    body functions and associated
    energy and mood changes
    Adderall, Ritalin, Dexedrine
    Prescribed for ADHD, weight loss,
    narcolepsy, congestion

    Stimulants
    Methamphetamines
    Crystal-like powered substance,
    usually rock-like solid chucks
    Amateur production Acetone,
    chloroform, ammonia, chloric acid,
    ether used to break down ephedrine
    Short rush/flash usually creates long
    binges

    Stimulants

    Methamphetamines
    Before Meth

    After Meth

    Faces of Meth

    Stimulants
    Nicotine
    Elevated moods, improved memory,
    increase in attention
    Major risk for cancer and heart disease
    Strong psychological and physical
    withdrawal symptoms

    Stimulants
    Caffeine
    Reduces drowsiness, improves problemsolving ability, induces anxiety, causes
    tremors
    A moderate potential exists for physical
    and psychological dependence

    Hallucinogens
    LSD (acid)
    lysergic acid diethylamide
    most powerful hallucinogenic drug
    Short term memory loss, paranoia,
    flashbacks, panic attacks
    Low potential for physical or
    psychological dependence

    Hallucinogens
    PCP (Angel Dust)
    Euphoria, hallucinations, violent
    tendencies, masking of pain
    High potential for physical and
    psychological dependence

    Hallucinogens
    Psilocybin Mushrooms
    Nausea first, then distorted perceptions,
    paranoia, nervousness
    Depends on users mood, expectations,
    surroundings, frame of mind, etc

    Flashbacks, HPPD
    HPPD Hallucination Persisting Perception
    Disorder

    Hallucinogens
    Mescaline (isolated from Peyote)
    Euphoria, hallucinations, anxiety, vomiting,
    headaches, rapid temp fluctuations
    Low potential for physical dependence

    DXM
    Cough suppressing ingredient in
    Robotussin

    Hallucinogens
    THC
    the major active ingredient in marijuana
    triggers a variety of effects, including
    mild hallucinations, euphoria, relaxation,
    time distortion, short term memory loss
    Originates from hemp plant
    Low potential for physical or
    psychological dependence
    DRUG AWARENESS QUIZ

    Psychoactive Drugs

    Bio-Psycho-Social Context

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