CHE Perlis Modul Juss A
CHE Perlis Modul Juss A
CHE Perlis Modul Juss A
SET 1
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
PAPER 2
1
Substance
Chemical formula
Zinc
Zn
Naphthalene
C10H8
Magnesium oxide
MgO
TABLE 1
[1 mark]
(b) Which substance has the lowest melting point?
[1 mark]
(c) Which substance can conduct electricity in solid state?
[1 mark]
(d) Graph 1 shows the temperature against time when solid naphthalene is
heated.
Temperature/oC
T1
To
Time/s
GRAPH 1
SET 1
(i)
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
..
..
[1 mark]
(ii) Based on Graph 1, state the melting point of naphthalene.
..
[1 mark]
(e) The empirical formula of magnesium oxide can be determined in the
laboratory.
(i)
[2 marks]
(ii) Can the empirical formula of copper (II) oxide be determined by using the
same reaction as in (e)(i)? Explain.
..
.
[2 marks]
SET 1
2.
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Table 2 shows proton number and nucleon number for atoms P, Q and R.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom-atom P, Q dan R.
Atom
Proton number
Nucleon number
Atom
Nombor Proton
Nombor nukleon
11
23
17
35
17
37
Table 2
Jadual 2
[1 mark]
(b) (i)
.......
[1 mark]
(ii) State a reason for your answer in (b)(i).
Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (b)(i).
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Write the electron arrangement of atom P.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom P.
.............
[1 mark]
SET 1
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
[2 marks]
(e) The information shows the composition of an organic compound S.
Maklumat menunjukkan komposisi suatu sebatian organik S.
Carbon
64.87%
13.51%
21.62%
Karbon
Hydrogen
Hidrogen
Oxygen
Oksigen
[3 marks]
SET 1
3.
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
60 oC
90 oC
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
60 oC
: .........................................................................
(ii) 90 oC
: .........................................................................
(i)
[2 marks]
(b) State the movement of particles of substance X at 60 oC.
o
............
[1 mark]
(c) Graph 3 shows the graph of temperature against time when substance X is
heated from 60 oC to 90 oC.
o
Graf 5 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bila bahan X dipanaskan dari 60 C
o
kepada 90 C.
.
Temperature/oC
o
Suhu/ C
90
78
60
t0
t1
t2
Graph 3
Graf 3
t3
Time/s
Masa/s
SET 1
(i)
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
..
..
[1 mark]
(ii) Based on Graph 5, state the melting point of substance X.
Berdasarkan Graf 5, nyatakan takat lebur bahan X.
..
[1 mark]
(iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from t1 to t2.
Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah dari t1 hingga t2.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d) (i)
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Table 3 shows two substances.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan dua bahan.
Magnesium oxide
Carbon dioxide
Table 3
Jadual 3
[1 mark]
SET 1
4.
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
(a) (i)
.....
[1 mark]
.....
[1 mark]
..
..
..
[3 marks]
(b) (i)
...................
[1 mark]
...
[1 mark]
SET 1
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
.....
...
[2 marks]
Diagram 5.1 shows the inter-conversion of the two states of matter of substance Q.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan perubahan dua keadaan jirim bagi bahan Q.
Process X
Proses X
Solid Q
Process Y
Pepejal Q
Proses Y
Gas Q
Gas Q
Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1
(a)
Name process X.
Namakan proses X.
.
[1 mark]
(b)
When substance Q changes from gas to solid, state the change in term of :
Apabila bahan Q berubah daripada keadaan gas kepada pepejal, nyatakan perubahan
dari segi :
(i)
...
[1 mark]
(ii)
SET 1
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
...
[1 mark]
(c)
[1 mark]
(d)
Diagram 5.2 and Diagram 5.3 shows the apparatus set up of two experiments.
Rajah 5.2 dan Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua eksperimen.
water
air
after 1 hour
selepas 1 jam
copper(II) sulphate
crystal
Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
gel
agaragar
after 3 days
selepas 3 hari
copper(II) sulphate
crystal
Diagram 5.3
Rajah 5.3
(i)
.
[1 mark]
(ii)
10
SET 1
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
[1 mark]
(iii)
Based on Diagram 5.2 and Diagram 5.3, explain the differences in the
observation by using kinetic theory of matter.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.2 dan Rajah 5.3, terangkan perbezaan dalam pemerhatian
dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim.
.
.
.
[3 marks]
6. Jadual 6 menunjukkan takat lebur, takat didih dan kekonduksian elektrik bagi
bahan
P, Q, R dan T.
Kekonduksian elektrik
Takat
lebur(oC)
Takat
didih(oC)
Pepejal
Larutan akueus
805
1460
Tidak boleh
Boleh
1549
2950
Boleh
Boleh
-210
-153
Tidak boleh
Tidak boleh
-7
59
Tidak boleh
Tidak boleh
Bahan
JADUAL 6
Berdasarkan Jadual 6, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:(a)
.
[1 markah]
(b)
(i)
11
SET 1
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
(c) (i)
[2 markah]
Apakah keadaan fizik bagi R dan T pada suhu bilik?
R : ..
T : ..
[2 markah]
[1 markah]
(iii) Terangkan mengapakah takat lebur dan takat didih bahan R dan T
adalah rendah?
[2 markah]
12
SET 1
7.
a)
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
23
11
RAJAH 7.1
Berpandukan maklumat itu, lukiskan struktur elektron bagi atom Q dan
nyatakan kedudukan Q dalam Jadual Berkala. Jelaskan?
[4 markah]
b)
4Q (p) +
O2 (g)
2Q2O (p)
79 oC
Masa/minit
RAJAH 2.2
13
SET 1
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
[10 markah]
14
SET 1
PAPER 2
1.
(a)
27
35
12
23
13
17
11
...................................
[1 mark]
(b)
(i)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
..............................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(c)
(i)
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
.................................................................................................................................
SET 1
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d)
(i)
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
[2 marks]
2.
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
Using the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in Diagram 2, answer the
following questions.
Dengan menggunakan huruf yang terdapat dalam Jadual Berkala pada Rajah 2, jawab soalan
berikut :
SET 1
(a)
..........
[1 mark]
(b)
(i)
.
[1 mark]
(ii)
.
.
.
[2 marks]
(c)
(i)
.
[1 mark]
(ii)
.
[1 mark]
(d)
[1 mark]
(e)
...
[2 marks]
SET 1
3.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan empat unsur yang diwakili oleh huruf A, D, E dan L dalam
Jadual Berkala.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
D
L
RAJAH 3
Berdasarkan Jadual Berkala dalam Rajah 3 dengan menggunakan huruf-huruf A,
D, E dan L sebagai simbol, jawab semua soalan berikut:
(a)
.
[1 markah]
(b)
(i)
..........
[1 markah]
(ii)
[1 markah]
(c) Terangkan mengapa unsur E lebih elektropositif daripada unsur A.
[2 markah]
(d) Unsur A boleh membentuk sebatian dengan unsur D.
(i)
Tuliskan formula sebatian yang terbentuk antara unsur A dan unsur D.
[1 markah]
(ii)
Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara unsur A dan
unsur D.
SET 1
[1 markah]
(iii)
[2 markah]
Element
Electron arrangement
Unsur
Susunan elektron
2.6
2.1
2.8.1
Table 4.1
Jadual 4.1
i)
[2 marks]
ii)
[2 marks]
(iii)
SET 1
[3 marks]
b) Table 4.2 shows the observations of element V and element W when react with
water.
Jadual 4.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi unsur V dan unsur W apabila bertindak balas
dengan air.
Element
Observation
Unsur
Pemerhatian
Element V
Unsur V
water
air
Element W
Unsur W
water
air
Table 4.2
Jadual 4.2
SET 1
(i)
[3 marks]
(ii)
[4 marks]
(c)
Bulb lights up
Mentol menyala
Carbon electrode
Elektrod karbon
Solution P
Larutan P
Solution Q
Larutan Q
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
(i)
[2 marks]
(ii)
[4 marks]
SET 1
(a)
Atom
Kumpulan
Kala
16
JADUAL 5.1
(i)
(ii)
(b)
Simbol
Nombor Proton
11
12
13
14
15
16
Jejari Atom
186
160
143
118
110
104
Keelektronegatifan
0.19
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.5
JADUAL 5.2
Berdasarkan Jadual di atas, terangkan perbezaan jejari atom dan
keelektronegatifan unsur-unsur apabila merentasi kala dari R ke W.
[10 markah]
SET 1
CHEMICAL BONDS
PAPER 2
1
Table 1 shows the electron arrangement of elements P,Q, and R. The letters used
are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Element
Electron arrangement
2.1
2.4
2.6
TABLE 1
Based on Table 1, answer the following questions.
(a)
..
[1 mark]
(b)
[1 mark]
(c)
.......
[1 mark]
(ii)
[2 marks]
SET 1
(iii)
CHEMICAL BONDS
...
[1 mark]
(d)
(i)
[1 mark]
(ii)
[2 marks]
2.
a)
Isotopes have important uses in our daily lives, for example in medicine,
industry, agriculture and archeology. Choose two of the above examples.
State an isotope and its purposes in each example that you have chosen.
Isotop mempunyai kegunaan yang penting dalam kehidupan harian, contohnya
dalam bidang perubatan, industri, pertanian dan arkeologi.Pilih dua contoh di
atas. Nyatakan isotop dan kegunaannya dalam setiap contoh yang anda pilih.
[4 marks]
SET 1
b)
CHEMICAL BONDS
Compound
Sebatian
+
X
P+
R-
Table 2.1
Jadual 2.1
(i)
[2 marks]
(ii)
[2 marks]
SET 1
c)
CHEMICAL BONDS
Element
Electron arrangement
Unsur
Susunan elektron
2.4
2.6
2.8.1
2.8.2
Table 2.2
Jadual 2.2
Using the information in Table 2.2, choose any two elements and explain
how ionic compund and covalent compound are formed.
Gunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 10.2, pilih mana-mana dua unsur dan
terangkan bagaimana sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen terbentuk.
[10 marks]
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
(a)
SET 1
CHEMICAL BONDS
Type of compound
Jenis sebatian
..........................................................
..........................................................
......................... and
......................... and
High
Low
2 different atoms
2 atom berlainan
Electron
arrangement
diagram
Gambar rajah
susunan elektron
Table 3
Jadual 3
(i)
Based on two atoms that you have chosen in Table 3, explain how the
formation of ionic bonding and covalent bonding are different.
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
PAPER 2
1.
(a)
N2(g)
(i)
3H2(g)
2NH3(g)
..
[1 mark]
(ii)
H2SO4
(NH4)2SO4
If 100 cm3 of sulphuric acid 1.0 mol dm-3 react with excess ammonia
solution, calculate the mass of fertilizer produced.
[Relative molecular mass of (NH4)2SO4 = 132]
[3 marks]
(b) Bronze is a kind of alloy to make the body of aeroplane because it is very light
and strong.
(i)
...
[1 mark]
(ii)
Draw the atomic arrangement in bronze.
[2 marks]
(iii)
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
2.
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
Type of manufactured
substance
Example
Component
Contoh
Komponen
Glass
Borosilicate
Kaca
Borosilikat
Polymer
Polythene
Ethene
Polimer
Politena
Etena
Alloy
Aloi
Brass
Loyang
Brick
Bata
Table 2
Jadual 2
..
[1 mark]
(b)
(i)
....
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii)
[2 marks]
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
(c)
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
(i)
.......
[1 mark]
(ii)
.........
[1 mark]
(d)
H H H H
|
|
|
|
CC CC
|
|
|
|
H H H H
(i)
3 monomer of polythene.
Draw the structuralDiagram
formula of
3 bagi politena.
Lukis formula struktur Rajah
monomer
[1 mark]
(ii)
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
3.
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
(a)
(i)
...................
.......................
[1 mark]
(ii)
[1 mark]
(iii)
.............................................................
..........
[2 marks]
(iv)
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
.................
.................
[1 mark]
(b)
There are four types of glasses that are used in our daily lives.
Terdapat empat jenis kaca yang digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.
(i)
..............
[1 mark]
(ii)
Type of glass/
Jenis kaca
Borosilicate glass
Kaca borosilikat
Uses / Kegunaan
Cookware / Alatan memasak
Laboratory glassware / Alatan kaca makmal
.............................................
Bottle / Botol
Mirrors / Cermin
Table 3
Jadual 3
[2 marks]
(iii)
..........................
[1 mark]
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
H H
n C=C
H H
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
H
C C
H
Ethene
Polyethene
Etene
Polietena
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
4.
a)
(i)
...........................
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
....................
[1 mark]
(iii)
...............................
[1 mark]
b)
Synthetic polymers are widely used today, but they are difficult to dispose.
Polimer sintetik mempunyai banyak kegunaan pada masa kini, tetapi ia sangat
sukar untuk dilupuskan.
(i)
..........
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
(ii)
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
.......................
...........................
[2 marks]
c)
Type of glass
Component
Example of glass
Jenis kaca
Komponen
Contoh kaca
Silica
..
Silika
Mirror
Cermin
Silica
Silika
Borosilicate glass
.......
Kaca borosilikat
Calcium oxide
Kalsium oksida
Sodium oxide
Natrium oksida
Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oksida
Silica
Silika
Sodium oxide
Natrium oksida
Calcium oxide
Kalsium oksida
Table 4
Jadual 4
Water Jug
Glass cup
Jag air
Cawan kaca
[3 marks]
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
(a)
N2(g)
(i)
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
+ 3H2(g)
2NH3(g)
(iii) Ammonia bertindak balas dengan asid sulfurik untuk menghasilkan sejenis
baja seperti dalam persamaan di bawah.
2NH3 +
H2SO4
(NH4)2SO4
Jika 100 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3 ditindak balaskan dengan
ammonia berlebihan, hitung jisim baja yang terhasil.
(Jisim atom relatif : H,1 ; N, 14 ; O, 16 ; S, 32)
[4 markah]
b)
Gangsa adalah sejenis aloi yang digunakan untuk membuat duit syiling kerana
lebih keras daripada logam tulennya.
(i)
..........
[1 markah]
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
(ii)
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
[2 markah]
(iii)
..........
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2 markah]
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
PAPER 3
1.
Diagram 1.1 shows the apparatus set-up used in an experiment to compare the
hardness of bronze with its pure metal, copper.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam satu eksperimen untuk
membandingkan kekerasan gangsa dengan logam tulennya, kuprum.
.
The experiment was carried out according to the following steps:
Eksperimen itu dijalankan mengikut langkah-langkah berikut:
Step 1
Cellophane tape was used to stick a steel ball bearing onto the copper
block.
Langkah 1
Pita selofen digunakan untuk melekatkan bebola keluli di atas bongkah kuprum.
Step 2
Langkah 2
Step 3
Langkah 3
Step 4
The diameter of dent formed on the copper block was measured and the
reading was recorded.
Langkah 4
Diameter lekuk yang terbentuk pada bongkah kuprum diukur dan bacaannya
direkodkan.
Step 5
Step 1 to step 4 were repeated by replacing the copper block with bronze
block.
Langkah 5
Ruler
String
Weight 1 kg
Steel ball
Block copper
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
10
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
Copper block
Bronze block
Bongkah kuprum
Bongkah gangsa
Diameter : . mm
Diameter : . mm
Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2
(a) Measure the diameter of dents and record the readings in the spaces provided.
Ukur diameter lekuk dan catatkan bacaan pada ruang yang disediakan
[3 marks]
(b) Construct a table to record the diameter of dent formed on each copper block
and bronze block
Bina satu jadual untuk merekod diameter lekuk yang terbentuk pada setiap bongkah
kuprum dan bongkah gangsa.
[3 marks]
(c) (i) State one observation that can be obtained from this experiment.
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian yang dapat diperoleh daripada eksperimen ini.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
11
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(iii) Explain your answer in c(ii) according to the arrangement of particles in the
bronze and copper.
Terangkan jawapan anda dalam c(ii) berdasarkan susunan zarah-zarah
dalam gangsa dan kuprum.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
. [3 marks]
(d) For this experiment, state :
Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan :
(i)
.............................................................................................................................
(ii) The responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerak balas
.............................................................................................................................
(iii) The fixed variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
.............................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(e) State the hypothesis for the experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
[3 marks]
12
SET 2
INDUSTRIES
MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN
(f) Based on Diagram 1.1 and 1.2, state the operational definition for the hardness
of alloy.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kekerasan aloi.
......
[3 marks]
(g) The experiment is repeated by dropping one-kilogram weight at the height of 30
cm. Predict the diameter of dent on copper block.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan menjatuhkan pemberat satu kilogram pada ketinggian
30cm. Ramalkan diameter lekuk di atas bongkah kuprum.
...
[3 marks]
(h) The following is a list of substances:
Berikut ialah senarai bahan :
Antimony
Bronze
Copper
Antimoni
Gangsa
Kuprum
Brass
Pewter
Tin
Loyang
Piuter
Timah
Alloy
Aloi
Pure metal
Logam tulen
[3 marks]
(i) Steel takes a longer time to corrode compared to iron. Explain.
Keluli memerlukan masa yang lebih panjang untuk berkarat berbanding dengan besi.
Terangkan.
.......
...
...
[3 marks]
13
SET 2
RATE OF REACTIONS
PAPER 2
1.
Experiments are carried out to investigate the rate of reaction between zinc and nitric
acid.
Table 1 shows the information of reactants used in each experiment.
Experiment
Reactant
Excess zinc granules and 50.0 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 nitric acid.
II
Excess zinc granules and 50.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid.
TABLE 1
The maximum volume of gas released in Experiment II is 60 cm3. The graph for the
volume of gas against time for Experiment II is sketched as shown in Graph 2.
Volume of gas/cm3
60
Time/s
80
GRAPH 1
a)
[1 mark]
b)
Write the chemical formula for the gas released in these experiments.
[1 mark]
SET 2
c)
RATE OF REACTIONS
[1 mark]
d)
Zn(NO3)2
H2
[3 marks]
e)
f)
Using the collision theory, explain why there is a difference between the
rate of reaction in Experiments I and Experiment II.
[3 marks]
SET 2
2.
RATE OF REACTIONS
Diagram 2 shows two experiments to investigate one factor that affects the rate of
reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji satu factor yang mempengaruhi kadar
tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik.
Experiment I
Eksperimen I
Hydrogen gas
Gas hidrogen
50 cm of 1.0 mol dm
hydrochloric acid
3
-3
-3
Experiment II
Eksperimen II
Hydrogen gas
3
Gas hidrogen
-3
50 cm of 1.0 mol dm
hydrochloric acid +
Copper (II) sulphate solution
3
-3
50 cm of 1.0 mol dm
asid hidroklorik +
Larutan kuprum (II) sulfat
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
a)
(i)
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
b) In Experiment II 2.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate solution is added.
The maximum volume of hydrogen gas released in Experiment I is V cm3
3
-3
Dalam Eksperimen II 2.0 cm larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.5 mol dm ditambah. Isipadu
3
maksimum gas yang terbebas dalam Eksperimen I ialah V cm .
SET 2
(i)
RATE OF REACTIONS
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii)
The graph for the volume of gas against time for Experiment I is sketched
as shown in Graph 2.1.
Graf isipadu gas melawan masa untuk Eksperimen I dilakarkan seperti
ditunjukkan dalam Graf 2.1
Key
Kunci
Experiment I
Ekpserimen I
Experiment I:
Eksperimen I
Experiment II:
Eksperimen II
Time/s
Masa/s
Graph 2.1
Graf 2.1
Sketch the curve for experiment II on the same axes in Graph 2.1
Lakarkan lengkung untuk Eksperimen II di atas paksi yang sama dalam Graf 2.1.
[2 marks]
(ii)
Referring to the collision theory of particles, explain how does copper (II)
sulphate solution affects the rate of reaction?
Merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana larutan kuprum(II)
sulfat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas?
.....
............
...................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
SET 2
c)
RATE OF REACTIONS
Experiment
Reactants
Eksperimen
-3
-3
Excess calcium carbonate chips and 100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid.
3
-3
Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 100 cm asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm .
Table 2
Jadual 2
The graph of carbon dioxide gas produced against time is sketch as shown in Graph
2.2.
Graf bagi karbon dioksida yang terhasil melawan masa dilakarkan seperti ditunjukkan dalam
Graf 2.2.
Experiment A
GRAPH 2.2
GRAF 2.2
Time/s
Masa/s
SET 2
RATE OF REACTIONS
Based on Table 2 and graph 2.2 , determine which curves represent the results of
Experiment B and Experiment C. Write your answers in the boxes provided.
Berdasarkan Jadual 2 dan Graf 2.2, tentukan lengkung manakah mewakili keputusan bagi
Eksperimen B dan C. Tuliskan jawapan anda dalam kotak yang disediakan.
[2 marks]
3.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan masa tindak balas bagi dua eksperimen yang dijalankan untuk
mengkaji tindak balas antara 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3 dengan kalsium
karbonat yang berlebihan.
Eksperimen
50.0
II
32.0
JADUAL 3
a)
[1 markah]
b)
[1 markah]
c)
[3 marks]
SET 2
d)
RATE OF REACTIONS
Eksperimen I
[1 markah]
(ii)
Ekperimen II
[1 markah]
e)
..
..
..
..
[4 markah]
4.
(a)
[4 marks]
(b)
SET 2
Experiment
Eksperimen
Set-up of
apparatus
Susunan radas
RATE OF REACTIONS
II
III
Temperature / C
o
Suhu / C
30
35
30
18
10
50
Table 4
Jadual 4
(i)
[2 marks]
(ii)
Na2S2O3
H2SO4
Na2SO4
+ SO2 + S + H2O
[4 marks]
SET 2
(iii)
RATE OF REACTIONS
[10 marks]
5. (a)
Food can be cooked faster when smaller pieces of charcoal are used
compare to bigger pieces of charcoal. Explain why.
Makanan akan lebih cepat masak apabila menggunakan arang yang bersaiz
kecil berbanding arang bersaiz besar. Terangkan mengapa.
[4 marks]
(b)
SET 2
Experiment
Eksperimen
II
Hydrogen gas
Gas hidrogen
Set-up of
apparatus
RATE OF REACTIONS
III
Hydrogen gas
Gas hidrogen
Hydrogen gas
Gas hidrogen
Zinc powder
Zinc granule
Zinc granule
Serbuk zink
Ketulan zink
Ketulan zink
Susunan radas
Time taken to
3
collect 40cm
of hydrogen
gas/s
Masa yang
diambil untuk
mengumpulkan
40 cm3 gas
hydrogen/s
80
160
240
Table 5
Jadual 5
(i)
[1 mark]
(ii)
Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and
sulphuric acid.
Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced in
Experiment III.
[ 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature
and pressure]
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara zink dengan asid
sulfurik.
Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terhasil dalam
Eksperimen III.
3
[ 1 mol gas menempati isipadu sebanyak 24 dm pada suhu dan tekanan
bilik]
[5 marks]
10
SET 2
(iii)
RATE OF REACTIONS
[10 marks]
6
Table 6 shows the data from Experiment I and Experiment II that were carried
out to study the rate of reaction of zinc with two acids, hydrochloric acid and acid
P.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan data daripada Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II yang dijalankan
untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink dengan dua asid, asid hidroklorik dan asid
P.
Product
Experiment
Eksperimen
Reactants
Zinc
chloride and
hydrogen
gas
Zink klorida
dan gas
hidrogen
Zink
ethanoate
and
hydrogen
gas
Observation
Pemerhatian
The temperature
of the mixture
increases
Suhu campuran
meningkat
The temperature
of the mixture
increases
Table 6
Jadual 6
11
Hasil
tindak
balas
Zink
ethanoate
dan gas
hidrogen
Suhu campuran
meningkat
SET 2
(a)
(i)
RATE OF REACTIONS
[3 marks]
(ii)
[7 marks]
(b)
Another experiment is carried out to study the factors that affect the rate of
the reaction.
Diagram 8 shows a graph obtained from an experiment using magnesium
ribbon that reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Eksperimen lain telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar
tindak balas.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan graf yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen menggunakan
pita magnesium yang bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik cair.
2V
III
II
Time/s
Masa/s
Diagram 6
12
SET 2
(i)
RATE OF REACTIONS
[3 marks]
(ii)
State the reason for your suggested changes in (b)(i) and explain based
on the collision theory.
Nyatakan sebab bagi cadangan perubahan dalam (b)(i) dan terangkan
berdasarkan Teori Perlanggaran.
[ 6 marks]
(iii)
[ 1 mark]
13
SET 2
7.
RATE OF REACTIONS
Seorang pelajar menjalankan eksperimen I, II dan III untuk mengkaji kadar tindak
balas antara asid hidroklorik dengan pita magnesium. Masa untuk pita magnesium
habis bertindak balas direkodkan dalam Jadual 7.
Eksperimen
II
III
Asid hidroklorik
-3
1.0 moldm
+
Kuprum(II) sulfat
Asid hidroklorik
-3
1.0 moldm
Asid hidroklorik
-3
2.0 moldm
Pita
magnesium
Pita
magnesium
Susunan radas
eksperimen
Pita
magnesium
Suhu/ oC
30
30
30
Masa yang
diambil untuk
semua
magnesium
habis bertindak
balas / s
70
54
21
JADUAL 7
a) (i)
14
SET 2
(ii)
RATE OF REACTIONS
b) (i)
(ii)
Lakarkan isipadu gas hidrogen melawan masa bagi Eksperimen I, II dan III
pada paksi yang sama.
[3 markah]
(iii)
c)
Bahan makanan menjadi cepat rosak bila disimpan pada suhu bilik. Jika
makanan disimpan dalam peti sejuk, makanan itu boleh disimpan selama
beberapa hari. Jelaskan fenomena ini.
[2 markah]
15
SET 2
RATE OF REACTIONS
PAPER 3
1
Two experiments are conducted to study the effect of the size of reactant on the
rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Experiment I : 2 g of large marble chips react with 20.0 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid.
Experiment II : 2 g of small marble chips react with 20.0 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid.
The volumes of gas released are recorded in Table 2.
Experiment I
Time/s
Volume of gas/ cm3
60
120
180
240
300
360
0.0
22.5
32.0
37.0
40.5
42.0
42.0
60
120
180
240
300
360
0.0
28.0
36.5
41.0
42.0
42.0
42.0
Experiment II
Time/s
Volume of gas/ cm3
TABLE 1
a)
By using the same axes, draw a graph of the volume of gas released against
time for Experiment I and II.
b)
(ii)
16
SET 2
RATE OF REACTIONS
Manipulated variable
Responding variable
Controlled variable
e) One kilogramme of meat, cut into big pieces, takes a longer time to be
cooked compared to one kilogramme of meat cut into small pieces.
Explain .
.
2. Two experiments are conducted to study the effect of the size of marble chips on the
rate of reaction.
Dua eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan saiz bahan tindak balas terhadap kadar
tindak balas.
17
SET 2
RATE OF REACTIONS
Experiment I:
Eksperimen I:
Experiment II:
Eksperimen II:
Diagram 2.1 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the effect of the size of
marble chips on the rate of reaction.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan saiz batu marmar ke atas kadar
tindak balas.
Hydrochloric acid
solution
Larutan asid hidroklorik
Water
Air
Marble chips
marmar
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
The volume of gas released is recorded in Table 2.1 and Table 2.2.
Isipadu gas yang terbebas direkodkan dalam Jadual 2.1 dan Jadual 2.2.
Experiment I
Eksperimen I
Time / s
60
120
180
240
300
360
9.50
8.00
8.00
Masa / s
18.00
Burette reading / cm3
Bacaan buret / cm
50.00
18.00 13.00
0.00
Table 2.1
Jadual 2.1
18
SET 2
RATE OF REACTIONS
Experiment II
Eksperimen II
Time / s
Masa / s
60
120
180
240
300
360
9.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
0.00
Jadual 2.2
Diagram 2.2 shows the burette reading for Experiment I at 60 seconds.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan bacaan buret bagi Eksperimen I pada 60 saat.
25
24
23
Burette reading at 60 seconds
Bacaan buret pada 60 saat
Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2
(a) Record the burette reading and the volume of gas released at 60 seconds in
Table 1.1
Rekodkan bacaan buret dan isipadu gas yang terbebas pada 60 saat dalam Jadual 1.1.
[3 marks]
(b) By using the same axes, draw a graph of the volume of gas released against time
for Experiment I and II.
Dengan menggunakan paksi yang sama, lukiskan graf isipadu gas yang terbebas melawan
masa bagi Eksperimen I dan II.
[3 marks]
19
SET 2
RATE OF REACTIONS
(c) Based on the graph in (b), which experiment has a higher rate of reaction? Explain.
Berdasarkan graf yang dilukis di (b), eksperimen manakah mempunyai kadar tindak balas
yang lebih tinggi? Terangkan.
..
...
[3 marks]
(d) What can you observe during the experiment?
Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan semasa eksperimen?
...
[3 marks]
(e) Based on the observation in (d), state the inference.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam (d), nyatakan inferens.
..
[3 marks]
(f) Based on Diagram 1.1, state the operational definition for the rate of reaction.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1 nyatakan definasi secara operasi bagi kadar tindak balas.
...
...
[3 marks]
(g) (i) State the variables involved in this experiment.
Nyatakan pemboleh ubah yang terlibat dalam eksperimen ini.
[3 marks]
20
SET 2
RATE OF REACTIONS
(ii) State how you would manipulate one variable while keeping the other
variables constant.
Nyatakan bagaimana anda memanipulasikan satu pemboleh ubah manakala
mengekalkan pemboleh ubah yang lain.
.....
.....
.
[3 marks]
(h) State the hypothesis for this experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
...
[3 marks]
(i) Predict the volume of gas released at 420 seconds in Experiment I.
Ramalkan isipadu gas yang terbebas pada 420 saat dalam Eksperimen I.
...
[3 marks]
(j) Classify the following reaction into fast reaction and slow reaction.
Kelaskan tindak balas berikut kepada tindak balas cepat dan tindak balas lambat.
Rusting,
Fermentation, Neutralization,
Pengaratan,
Penapaian,
Peneutralan
Combustion,
Corrosion,
Displacement
Pembakaran,
Kakisan,
Penyesaran
[3 marks]
(k) Large pieces of charcoal takes a longer time to be lighted up compare to small
pieces of charcoal. Explain.
Arang kayu bersaiz besar memerlukan masa yang panjang untuk dinyalakan berbanding
dengan arang kayu besaiz kecil. Terangkan.
[3 marks]
21
SET 2
RATE OF REACTIONS
Termometer
panaskan
Kertas putih bertanda X
RAJAH 3
Sebuah kelalang kon 250 cm3 yang mengandungi 50 cm3 larutan natrium tiosulfat
0.05 mol dm3 pada suhu 30 oC, diletakkan di atas tanda X pada sehelai kertas
putih. 10 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm3 dicampurkan kepada larutan natrium
tiosulfat tersebut dan digoncang. Pada masa yang sama, jam randik dimulakan.
Jam randik dihentikan sebaik sahaja tanda X tidak boleh kelihatan.
Langkah eksperimen yang sama diulangi bagi larutan natrium tiosulfat yang
dipanaskan sehingga suhu 35 oC, 40 oC, 45 oC, dan 50 oC.
Eksperimen
Suhu (oC)
30
35
24
40
19
45
16
50
14
1
(s-1)
masa
JADUAL 3
a)
1
Hitungkan nilai
masa
22
1
.
masa
SET 2
23
RATE OF REACTIONS
SET 2
b)
RATE OF REACTIONS
Pemboleh ubah
...
..
...
..
..
JADUAL 3
c)
..
..
...
24
SET 2
d)
RATE OF REACTIONS
1 .
masa
..............................................
e)
Susu tahan lebih lama apabila disimpan dalam peti sejuk berbanding
dengan susu yang dibiarkan pada suhu bilik. Dengan menggunakan
pengetahuan kimia anda, nyatakan hubungan antara suhu dengan kadar
kerosakkan suhu.
4.
Metal reacts with acid to form salt and hydrogen gas.
Logam bertindak balas dengan asid untuk membentuk garam dan gas hydrogen.
(c) Hypothesis
Hipotesis
(e) Procedure
Prosedur
[17 marks]
25
SET 2
CARBON COMPOUNDS
PAPER 2
1.
Compound M
DIAGRAM 1
(a)
....................................................................
[2 marks]
(b)
(i)
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
[2 marks]
(c) (i)
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
SET 2
(ii)
CARBON COMPOUNDS
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(d)
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
2.
Butanol
Butanol
Porcelain
Chips
Serpihan
porselin
Heat
Panas
Butene
H2
Butane
Butena
Heat
Panas
Butana
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
(a)
.............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
SET 2
(b)
CARBON COMPOUNDS
[2 marks]
(c)
Table 2 shows the results of a test to differentiate between butane and butene.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan ujian untuk membandingkan antara butana dan
butena.
Procedure
Observation
Prosedur
Pemerhatian
Table 2
Jadual 2
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d)
Butene reacts with hydrogen to produce butane. Write the chemical equation of
the reaction.
Butena bertindak balas dengan hidrogen untuk menghasilkan butane.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
.....................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
SET 2
(e)
CARBON COMPOUNDS
[2 marks]
(f)
Soot
Jelaga
Filter paper
Kertas turas
Porcelain dish
Mangkuk pijar
Hexane
Hexene
Heksana
Heksena
Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
SET 2
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CH3CH2CH2OH
Propanol
Process I
Proses I
C3H6
Compound Q
Sebatian Q
Hydrogenation
Penghidrogen
an
C3H8
Compound R
Sebatian R
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
(a)
...
[1 mark]
(b)
[2 marks]
(c)
[2 marks]
SET 2
(d)
CARBON COMPOUNDS
[2 marks]
(e)
.
.
.
[2 marks]
(f)
(i) Catalyst
Mangkin
: ..
(ii) Temperature
Suhu
:
[2 marks]
SET 2
4.
CARBON COMPOUNDS
Rajah 4 menunjukkan beberapa penukaran sebatian organik kepada sebatiansebatian yang melalui tindak balas I, II, III dan IV.
III
C2H6O
C2H6O2
II
IV
C2H4
Gas X + H2O
RAJAH 4
(a)
(b)
Namakan gas X.
......
[1 markah]
(ii)
(iii)
Hitungkan isipadu gas X yang terbebas sekiranya 0.5 mol C2H4 terbakar
dengan lengkap dalam udara.
[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik]
[2 markah]
SET 2
(c)
CARBON COMPOUNDS
(d)
Namakan Y.
.
[1 markah]
(ii)
[1 markah]
(e)
..
[1 markah]
(ii)
[2 markah]
SET 2
5.
CARBON COMPOUNDS
Asid butanoik
Butena
III
I
II
Butan-1-ol
But-1-ena
IV
Butil etanoat
RAJAH 5
(a)
[1 markah]
(b)
Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas bagi tindak balas II di dalam makmal.
[2 markah]
SET 2
(c)
(i)
CARBON COMPOUNDS
[1 markah]
(ii)
[1 markah]
(d)
But-1-ena adalah isomer bagi butena. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi isomerisomer butena selain daripada but-1-ena.
[2 markah]
(e)
6O2 (g)
4CO2 (g)
4H2O (ce)
Hitungkan isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terbebas apabila 5.6 g but-1-ena
terbakar lengkap dalam oksigen berlebihan.
[Jisim atom relatif: C,12; H,1; O,16]
[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]
[3 markah]
10
SET 2
(f)
CARBON COMPOUNDS
[1 markah]
6.
(a)
(b)
Ethanol and buthanol are two compounds in the alcohol homologous series.
Compare and contrast the properties of ethanol and buthanol in term of boiling
point and electrical conductivity. Explain.
[6 marks]
(c)
You are required to prepare one namely ester by using ethanoic acid as one of
the reactants. By using a namely alcohol, describe one experiment to prepare the
ester. In your description, include the chemical equation and observation
involved.
[10 marks]
7.
(a)
[4 marks]
11
SET 2
(b)
CARBON COMPOUNDS
Carbon compound
Structural formula
Sebatian karbon
Formula struktur
H H
P
C C
H H
O
H C
O H
Table 7
Jadual 7
[6 marks]
(c)
Diagram 7 shows two reagent bottles X and Y. One of the bottles contains
hexane while another bottle contains hexene.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan dua botol reagen X dan Y. Satu dari botol-botol tersebut
mengandungi heksana dan satu lagi botol mengandungi heksena.
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
Describe a chemical test that can be used to verify hexane and hexene in each
bottle. Your explanation should includes:
Huraikan satu ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal pasti heksana dan
heksena dalam setiap botol.
Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi:
12
SET 2
CARBON COMPOUNDS
Procedure
Prosedur
Observations
Pemerhatian
[10 marks]
8.
(a)
[4 marks]
(b)
Compound P
Compound Q
Sebatian P
Sebatian Q
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
Saturated hydrocarbon
Hidrokarbon tepu
Table 8
Jadual 8
[6 marks]
13
SET 2
(c)
CARBON COMPOUNDS
Daigram 8
Rajah 8
Describe a chemical test that can be used to verify ethanol and ethanoic acid in each
bottle. Your explanation should include:
Huraikan satu ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal pasti etanol dan asid etanoik
dalam setiap botol. Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi:
Procedure
Prosedur
Observations
Pemerhatian
[10 marks]
9.
Asid etanoik
kalium dikromat (IV)
berasid
Sebatian R
Alumina
panas
Alkena Y
RAJAH 9
14
Penghidrogenan
Alkana Z
SET 2
(a)
CARBON COMPOUNDS
Karbon 52.2%
Hidrogen 13.0%
Oksigen 34.8%
Jisim molekul relatif = 46
Jisim atom relatif bagi H=1, O=16 dan C=12
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
15
SET 2
(c)
CARBON COMPOUNDS
Prosedur
Pemerhatian
JADUAL 9
16
SET 2
CARBON COMPOUNDS
PAPER 3
Pernyataan masalah
b)
Hipotesis
c)
d)
Prosedur
e)
Penjadualan data
17
SET 2
THERMOCHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
1.
Diagram 1 shows the energy level diagram for the combustion of methanol.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi pembakaran metanol.
Energy
Tenaga
CH3OH + 3 O2
2
H = -728 kJ mol-1
CO2 + 2H2O
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a)
State one information that can be obtained from the energy level diagram in
Diagram 1.
Nyatakan satu maklumat yang boleh diperolehi daripada gambar rajah aras tenaga
dalam Rajah 1.
[1 mark]
(b)
[2 marks]
(c)
SET 2
(i)
THERMOCHEMISTRY
[2 marks]
(ii)
[2 marks]
(d)
The value of the heat of combustion of methanol obtained from the experiment
always less than the theoretical value.
Suggest one precaution step that should be taken in order to get a more accurate
result.
Nilai haba pembakaran metanol yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen biasanya lebih
rendah daripada nilai teori.
Cadangkan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperolehi keputusan
yang lebih tepat.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e)
Table 1 shows the molecular formula and heat of combustion of ethanol and
propanol.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan formula molekul dan haba pembakaran etanol dan propanol.
SET 2
Name of alcohol
Molecular formula
Nama alkohol
Formula molekul
Ethanol
Etanol
Propanol
Propanol
THERMOCHEMISTRY
C2H5OH
-1376
C3H7OH
- 2015
-1
Table 1
Jadual 1
...................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
2.
C3H7OH
(a)
+ 9/2 O2
3CO2 + 4H2O
H= -2015 kJ mol-1
State one information that can be obtained from the given equation.
Nyatakan satu maklumat yang boleh diperolehi daripada persamaan yang diberikan.
...........................................
[1 mark]
(b)
Heat given out from the complete combustion of 1.2 g propanol is used to heat
200 cm3 of water.
Haba yang terbebas daripada pembakaran lengkap 1.2 g propanol digunakan untuk
3
memanaskan 200 cm air.
SET 2
THERMOCHEMISTRY
Calculate:
Hitung:
(i)
[2 marks]
(ii)
[Spesific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg-1 oC-1 ;Density of water = 1 gcm-3]
[ Muatan haba tentu bagi air = 4.2 Jg
-1 o
-1
-3
[2 marks]
(c)
[3 marks]
SET 2
(d)
THERMOCHEMISTRY
The value of the heat of combustion of propanol obtained from the experiment is
less than the theoretical value. Suggest one precaution step that should be taken
in order to get a more accurate result.
Nilai haba pembakaran propanol yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen ini lebih rendah
daripada nilai teori. Cadangkan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk
memperolehi keputusan yang lebih tepat.
.....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e)
Table 2 shows the molecular formula and the heat of combustion for methanol
and ethanol.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan formula molekul dan haba pembakaran bagi methanol dan etanol.
Alcohol
Molecular formula
Alkohol
Formula molekul
Methanol
Methanol
Ethanol
Etanol
Heat of combustion/kJmol-1
Haba pembakaran/kJmol
CH3OH
-728
C2H5OH
-1376
Table 2
Jadual
Based on the information in Table 2, explain
why2there is a difference in the
value of heat of combustion between methanol and ethanol.
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 2, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan nilai
haba pembakaran antara metanol dan etanol.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
-1
SET 2
THERMOCHEMISTRY
5 g of zinc powder
5 g sebuk zink
Plastic cup
Cawan plastik
50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3
copper(II) sulphate solution
30.0
38.0
Table 3
Jadual 3
(a)
...
...
[1 mark]
(b)
State the type of reaction that occurs based on the temperature change.
Nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku berdasarkan perubahan suhu.
...
[1 mark]
SET 2
(c)
THERMOCHEMISTRY
Calculate :
Kira :
(i)
[1 marks]
(ii)
[2 marks]
(d)
[3 marks]
SET 2
(e)
THERMOCHEMISTRY
Experiment I is repeated by using 100 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 of copper(II) sulphate
solution.
3
Eksperimen I diulangi dengan menggunakan 100 cm larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.2 mol
-3
dm .
(i)
...
[1 mark]
(ii)
...
...
...
[2 marks]
4.
28.0
28.0
34.5
JADUAL 4
[ketumpatan larutan ialah 1 g cm-3, muatan haba tentu larutan ialah 4.2 J g-1 oC-1]
(a)
[1 markah]
(b)
........
[1 markah]
SET 2
(c)
THERMOCHEMISTRY
[1 markah]
(ii)
[2 markah]
(d)
Lukiskan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen itu
[2 markah]
SET 2
THERMOCHEMISTRY
(e)
..
..
..
[3 markah]
(f)
[1 markah]
5.
(a)
Chemical reactions involve the breaking of bonds of the reactants and the
formation of bonds of the products. By using a suitable example, explain
the concept of endothermic reaction in term of the breaking and the
formation of bonds in a reaction.
[3 marks]
(b)
50.0 cm3 of silver nitrate solution 1.0 mol dm-3 is reacted with 50.0 cm3 of
sodium chloride solution 0.5 mol dm-3 . The data obtained is shown in
Table 5.
Initial temperature of silver nitrate solution/oC
29.0
29.0
36.5
TABLE 5_
(i)
(ii)
Calculate the number of moles of the silver ions that react with the
chloride ions.
[1 mark]
10
SET 2
(iii)
THERMOCHEMISTRY
(iv)
Energy
CaO + CO2
Zn + CuSO4
H = -210 kJ mol-1
ZnSO4 + Cu
H = +178 kJ mol-1
CaCO3
Reaction I
Reaction II
DIAGRAM 5
Based on the energy level diagrams above, compare Reaction I and Reaction II.
[3 marks]
(d)
Experiment I
HCl(aq) + KOH(aq)
NaCl(aq)
+ H2O(l)
H= -57 kJ mol-1
Experiment II
CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq)
CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
H= -55 kJ mol-1
11
SET 2
(e)
THERMOCHEMISTRY
Formula molekul
Metanol
CH3OH
-725
Etanol
C2H5OH
-1376
TABLE 5
Based on the information in Table 7, explain why there is a difference in the
values of the heat of combustion between methanol and ethanol.
[3 marks]
6.
(a)
Energy
Energy
Tenaga
Tenaga
Zn + CuSO4
CaCO3 + 2KNO3
H = -210 kJ mol-1
Ca(NO3)2 + K2CO3
H = +12.6 kJ mol-1
ZnSO4 + Cu
Reaction I
Reaction II
Tindak balas I
Tindak balas II
Diagram 6
Rajah 6
[3 marks]
12
SET 2
(b)
THERMOCHEMISTRY
Table 6 shows the molecular formula and the heat of combustion for
ethane and
propane.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan formula molekul dan habe pembakaran bagi etana dan
propana.
Alkane
Molecular Formula
Alkana
Formula molekul
C2H6
-1602
C3H8
-2202
Ethane
Etana
Propane
Propana
-1
Table 6
Jadual 6
[3 marks]
(c)
50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is reacted with 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
sodium hydroxide solution. The change in temperature of the mixture is 7 OC.
Calculate the heat of neutralization for this reaction.
[ Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g-1 OC-1 ; Density of solution = 1 g cm-3 ]
3
-3
50 cm asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm bertindak balas dengan 50.0 cm larutan natrium
-3
O
hidroksida 1.0 mol dm . Perubahan suhu campuran ialah 7 C.
Hitungkan haba peneutralan bagi tindak balas ini
-1 O -1
-3
[ Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g C ; Ketumpatan larutan= 1 g cm ]
[4 marks]
(d)
[10 marks]
13
SET 2
7.
THERMOCHEMISTRY
Alkohol
Formula Molekul
Haba Pembakaran, kJ
mol-1
Metanol
CH3OH
-715
Etanol
C3H5OH
-1376
Butan-1-ol
C4H9OH
-2675
JADUAL 7
a)
ii)
b)
14
SET 2
THERMOCHEMISTRY
PAPER 3
1.
Termometer
Bikar kuprum
Air
Pengadang
angin
Pelita
Etanol
RAJAH 1.1
Eksperimen dijalankan dengan memasukkan 200 cm3 air suling ke dalam bikar
kuprum. Suhu awal air direkod. Air dipanaskan dengan sebuah pelita berisi etanol
dan dikacau. Pemanasan dihentikan dan suhu maksimum air direkod.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan bacaan termometer bagi eksperimen menggunakan etanol.
30
60
20
50
15
SET 2
a)
(i)
THERMOCHEMISTRY
.
b)
(ii)
(iii)
16
SET 2
c)
THERMOCHEMISTRY
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
(ii)
17
SET 2
THERMOCHEMISTRY
(c) Hypothesis
Hipotesis
(e) Procedure
Prosedur
[17 marks]
b)
c)
The hypothesis
d)
e)
f)
Tabulation of data
18
SET 2
PAPER 2
1.
(a)
(i)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii)
What type of food additives that makes the texture of ice cream
smooth and fine?
Apakah jenis bahan tambah makanan yang menjadikan tekstur ais krim
halus dan sekata?
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iv)
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b)
Type of medicine
Example
Jenis ubat
Contoh
Antibiotic
Penicillin
Antibiotik
Penisilin
Psychotherapeutic medicine
Tranquilizer
Ubat psikoterapeutik
Trankuilizer
Table 1
Jadual 1
SET 2
(i)
Function of penicillin:
Fungsi penisilin:
..........................................................................................................
Function of tranquilizer:
Fungsi trankuilizer:
..........................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii)
Doctor advised the patient to finish all the antibiotic given. After
two days of taking antibiotic, the patient feels healthy and stops
taking the antibiotic.
What is the effect of this action to the patient?
Doktor menasihatkan pesakit untuk menghabiskan semua antibiotik yang
diberikan. Selepas dua hari mengambil antibiotik, pesakit tersebut
berasa sihat dan berhenti mengambil antibiotik itu.
Apakah kesan tindakan ini terhadap pesakit?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii)
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
SET 2
Molecular formula:
Formula molekul: ........................................................................
Empirical formula:
Formula empirik: .....................................................................
[2 marks]
(iv)
[1 mark]
2.
The mixture of 5.0 cm3 palm oil and 50 cm3 of 5 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide
solutions are boiled in a beaker. Glass rod is used to stir the mixture.
Then 3 spatula of solid sodium chloride and 50 cm3 of distilled water are added.
The mixture is heated for another 5 minutes and then allowed to cool.
3
a)
(i)
-3
.........
[1 mark]
(ii)
..
[1 mark]
SET 2
b)
Diagram 2.1 shows part of the washing action of soap particles on a cloth
stained with grease.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada tindakan pencucian oleh zarahzarah sabun ke atas kotoran bergris pada kain.
Water
Air
Grease
Gris
Cloth
Kain
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
(i)
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
.....................................................
[1 mark]
(iii)
Based on diagram 2.1, explain how does the anion of soap act on
grease?
Berdasarkan rajah 2.1, terangkan bagaimana anion sabun bertindak ke
atas gris?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
SET 2
Cloth
Cloth
Kain
Kain
Grease
Grease
Gris
Gris
Beaker P
Bikar P
Beaker Q
Diagram 2.2
Bikar Q
Rajah 2.2
c)
(i)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
Aloe vera plant can be used as a traditional medicine.
Pokok lidah buaya boleh digunakan sebagai ubat tradisional.
SET 2
(a)
(i)
.
[1 mark]
(ii)
Name one traditional medicine that can cure wind in the body.
Namakan satu ubat tradisional yang dapat merawat angin dalam badan.
.
[1 mark]
(b)
Type of medicine
Example
Jenis ubat
Contoh
Aspirin
Aspirin
Streptomycin
Sreptomisin
Table 3
Jadual 3
Based on the Table 3, answer the following questions :
Berdasarkan Jadual 3, jawab soalan-soalan berikut :
(i)
State X and Y:
Nyatakan X dan Y:
X :
Y :
[2 marks]
(ii)
.
.
[2 marks]
(iii)
.
[1 mark]
SET 2
(c)
Distilled water
Air suling
+
Sodium chloride
Palm oil
Minyak sawit
Natrium klorida
+
Concentrated
Sodium hydroxide
solution
Larutan natrium
hidroksida pekat
Heat
Panaskan
Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2
(i)
.
[1 mark]
(ii)
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CO
O
Part X
Part Y
Bahagian X
Bahagian Y
Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3
State the part of the soap ion that is soluble in water.
Nyatakan bahagian ion sabun yang larut dalam air.
.
[1 mark]
SET 2
(iii)
The oily stains on cloth cannot be removed when wash in hard water by
using soap. Explain why.
Kotoran berminyak pada pakaian tidak dapat ditanggalkan apabila dibersihkan
dalam air liat dengan menggunakan sabun. Terangkan mengapa.
.
.
.
[2 marks]
4.
(a)
[10 marks]
(b)
Experiment
Eksperimen
Observation
Pemerhatian
Pakaian
Cloth
Oily stains
Kotoran berminyak
II
Pakaian
Cloth
Detergent + hard
water
Detergen + air liat
Oily stains
Kotoran berminyak
Table 4
Jadual 4
SET 2
[6 marks]
(c)
[4 marks]
SET 3
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
1.
Carbon
electrode X
Carbon
electrode Y
Potassium iodide solution
DIAGRAM 1
a)
i)
..
[1 mark]
ii)
[1 mark]
b)
i)
..
[1 mark]
ii)
Electrode X:
..
Electrode Y:
..
[2 marks]
SET 3
c)
(i)
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
.
[1 mark]
(ii)
..
[1 mark]
(d)
(i)
....
[1 mark]
(ii)
[1 mark]
(e)
[1 mark]
(ii)
..
[1 mark]
SET 3
2.
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
elektrod P
elektrod Q
asid hidroklorik 0.0001 mol dm-3
RAJAH 2
a)
(i)
..
[1 markah]
(ii)
..
[1 markah]
b) (i)
(ii)
..
[1 markah]
SET 3
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
c) Jika asid hidroklorik 0.0001 mol dm-3 digantikan dengan asid hidroklorik
1.0 mol dm-3 .
(i)
.
[1 markah]
(ii)
.
[1 markah]
d) (i)
[1 markah]
(ii)
3.
(a)
[1 markah]
You have an impure silver plate. The impure silver plate can be purified
by using an electrolysis process.
Draw a labelled diagram of the set up of the apparatus for the experiment.
Anda mempunyai satu kepingan argentum tak tulen. Kepingan argentum tak
tulen tersebut boleh ditulenkan melalui proses elektrolisis.
Lukiskan gambarajah berlabel susunan radas bagi eksperimen tersebut.
[4 marks]
(b)
SET 3
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Experiment
Apparatus set-up
Eksperimen
Susunan radas
A
Copper electrodes
Elektrod kuprum
Carbon electrodes
Elektrod karbon
II
Table 3
Jadual 3
(i)
(ii)
[6 marks]
(c)
SET 3
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
a labelled diagram
gambar rajah berlabel
procedure
prosedur
observation
pemerhatian
half equation
setengah persamaan
[10 marks]
4.
(a)
Diagram 4.1 shows the set-up of the apparatus to study the electrolysis of
potassium iodide solution.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan kalium
iodida.
Carbon electrode P
Carbon electrode Q
Elektrod karbon P
Elektrod karbon Q
-3
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
(i)
[2 marks]
(ii)
[2 marks]
(iii)
-3
SET 3
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
[6 marks]
(b)
V
Copper
kuprum
Copper
kuprum
Aluminium
Copper(II) sulphate
solution
Aluminium
Cell X
Cell Y
Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2
Type of cell
The energy change
The terminals of the cells
Ions presence in the electrolyte
Observation
Half equation for both electrodes
Name of the processes occurred at the positive terminal of each
cell
Jenis sel
Perubahan tenaga
Pemerhatian
[10 marks]
SET 3
(a)
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(b)
Kepingan
zink
Kepingan
kuprum
Larutan
kuprum (II)
klorida
Sel P
Kepingan
kuprum
Sel Q
RAJAH 5
Bandingkan dan bezakan sel P dengan sel Q. Sertakan dalam jawapan anda
pemerhatian dan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas pada elektrod dalam
kedua-dua sel.
[6 markah]
(c)
SET 3
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
PAPER 3
1. Diagram 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus used in an experiment to construct the
electrochemical series by referring to the potential difference of four pairs of metals.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam satu eksperimen untuk
membina siri elektrokimia dengan merujuk kepada beza keupayaan bagi empat pasangan
logam.
V
Copper electrode
Zinc electrode
Elektrod kuprum
Elektrod zink
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
Diagram 1.2 shows the result obtained from the experiment after 30 minutes.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperoleh daripada eksperimen selepas 30 minit.
V
Copper electrode
Zinc electrode
Elektrod kuprum
Elektrod zink
Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2
SET 3
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(a) State three different observations and the corresponding inferences in Table 1.1.
Nyatakan tiga pemerhatian yang berbeza dan inferens yang sepadan dalam Jadual 1.1.
Observation
Inference
Pemerhatian
Inferens
Table 1.1
Jadual 1.1
[6 marks]
(b) The experiment is repeated by replacing zinc with metals P, Q and R. Copper
electrode remains as the positive terminal in each of the experiments. Fresh
copper(II) sulphate solution is used in each of the experiments.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggantikan zink dengan logam P, Q dan R. Elektrod
kuprum kekal sebagai terminal positif bagi setiap eksperimen. Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat
yang baru digunakan bagi setiap eksperimen.
10
SET 3
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
P and Copper
P dan kuprum
Reading:
Bacaan: .
Reading:
Bacaan: .
Q and Copper
R and Copper
Q dan kuprum
R dan kuprum
Reading:
Bacaan: .
Reading:
Bacaan: .
Diagram 1.3
Rajah 1.3
[3 marks]
11
SET 3
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(c) Construct a table to record the voltmeter reading for four pairs of metals.
Bina satu jadual untuk merekodkan bacaan voltmeter untuk empat pasangan logam.
[3 marks]
(d) Based on the voltmeter readings and the copper electrode that acts as the
positive terminal in pair of metals, arrange metal Zn, Cu, P, Q, and R in
ascending order of electropositivity of metals in the electrochemical series.
Berdasarkan bacaan voltmeter dan elektrod kuprum yang bertindak sebagai terminal
positif, susun logam Zn, Cu, P, Q dan R secara tertib menaik keeletropositifan dalam siri
elektrokimia.
[3 marks]
(e) Based on this experiment, state the:
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan:
i) Manipulated variable
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan
...
ii) Responding variable
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
...
iii) Constant variable
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan
...
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
12
SET 3
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(g) Based on the experiment, state the operational definition for the potential
difference.
Berdasarkan eksperimen, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi beza upaya.
...
[3 marks]
(h) Classify all the ions present in copper(II) sulphate solution into cations and
anions.
Kelaskan ion-ion yang terdapat di dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat kepada kation dan
anion.
Cations
Kation
Anions
Anion
[3 marks]
(i) Predict the positive terminal and the voltage for the pair of metals P and Q.
Ramalkan terminal positif dan nilai voltan bagi pasangan logam P and logam Q.
Pair of Metals
Positive Terminal
Voltage / V
Pasangan logam
Terminal Positif
Voltan / V
P and Q
P dan Q
[3 marks]
(j) A student carried out two experiments as shown in Diagram 1.4.
In the experiments, zinc and magnesium electrodes corroded.
Copper electrode
Elektrod
kuprum
Zinc electrode
Copper electrode
Elektrod zink
Elektrod
kuprum
13
Magnesium electrode
Elektrod magnesium
SET 3
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
[3 marks]
2.
Logam
kuprum
Logam R
14
SET 3
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Ekperimen I
1
2
Ekperimen II
+
Ekperimen III
+
Ekperimen IV
RAJAH 2
a)
Pasangan logam
Pasangan logam
Cu/R
II
Cu/S
III
Cu/T
IV
Cu/U
JADUAL 2
b)
..............
15
SET 3
c)
(i)
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(ii)
d)
e)
16
SET 3
PAPER 2
1.
Sodium carbonate
Natrium karbonat
Zinc nitrate
Zink nitrat
Zinc carbonate
Zinc oxide
Zink karbonat
Zink oksida
Zinc sulphate
Zink sulfat
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
a)
Zinc nitrate solution reacts with sodium carbonate solution to form zinc
carbonate precipitate.
Larutan zink nitrat bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium karbonat untuk
membentuk mendakan zink karbonat.
(i)
..
[1 mark]
(ii)
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
b) Heating of zinc carbonate produce zinc oxide and gas R.
Pemanasan zink karbonat menghasilkan zink oksida dan gas R.
i)
Name gas R.
Namakan gas R.
..
[1 mark]
ii)
........................................................
[2 marks]
SET 3
(iii)
Draw a labeled diagram for the heating of zinc carbonate to produce zinc
oxide and gas R. In your diagram show how gas R is tested.
Lukis gambar rajah berlabel bagi pemanasan zink karbonat untuk menghasilkan
zink oksida dan gas R. Dalam gambar rajah anda, tunjukkan bagaimana gas R
itu diuji.
[2 marks]
(c) Zinc carbonate reacts with sulphuric acid to produce zinc sulphate. The
chemical equation is shown below.
Zink karbonat bertindak balas dengan asid sulfuric untuk menghasilkan zink sulfat.
Persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas ini ditunjukkan di bawah.
ZnCO3 +
H2SO4
[3 marks]
SET 3
2.
Diagram 2.1 shows the set up of apparatus for the preparation of copper (II)
sulphate. Copper (II) oxide powder is added into acid until in excess.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi penyediaan kuprum (II) sulfat.
Serbuk kuprum (II) oksida ditambahkan kepada asid sehingga berlebihan.
Acid
Asid
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Heat
Panas
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
(a)
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b)
Based on Diagram 2.1, name the acid used to prepare copper (II)
sulphate.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, namakan asid yang digunakan bagi menyediakan
kuprum (II) sulfat.
..............
[1 mark]
(c)
Write the chemical equation for the preparation of copper (II) sulphate.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi penyediaan kuprum (II) sulfat.
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d)
State the reason why copper (II) oxide powder is added until in excess.
Nyatakan sebab mengapa serbuk kuprum (II) oksida ditambah sehingga
berlebihan.
..............
[1 mark]
SET 3
(e)
0.1 mol of copper (II) sulphate is produced from the reaction between acid
and excess copper (II) oxide. Calculate the mass of copper (II) sulphate
formed.
0.1 mol kuprum (II) sulfat dihasilkan daripada tindak balas antara asid dan
kuprum (II) oksida berlebihan. Hitung jisim kuprum (II) sulfat yang terbentuk.
[2 marks]
(f)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(g)
Compound X
Sebatian X
Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2
Gas Q
Gas Q
SET 3
(i)
Name gas Q.
Namakan gas Q.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
Write the formula of compound X.
Tulis formula bagi sebatian X.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
3.
Step I
Step II
1.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of barium chloride solution is added into
test tube 1.
Step III
Step IV
All the test tube are shaken and put in the rack to allow barium
chromate(VI) to precipitate. The height of the precipitate is
measured and recorded.
Langkah I
Langkah II
Langkah III
Langkah IV
-3
-3
SET 3
Test tube
Tabung uji
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
Volume of barium
chloride/ cm3
Isipadu barium
3
klorida/ cm
Height of
precipitate/ cm
Tinggi mendakan/cm
Table 3
Jadual 3
a)
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
b)
[3 marks]
SET 3
c)
(i)
[1 mark]
(ii)
[1 mark]
(iii)
[1 mark]
(iv)
Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion kromat(VI), CrO 4 yang telah bertindakbalas
2+
dengan 1 mol ion barium, Ba .
[1 mark]
SET 3
(v)
Based on your answer in (iv), write the ionic equation for the formation of
barium chromate(VI).
Berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam (iv), tuliskan persamaan ion bagi
pembentukan barium kromat(VI).
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
d)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
Diagram 4.1 shows the apparatus set-up for the neutralisation reaction between nitric
acid and potassium hydroxide solution for preparation of salt X.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk tindak balas peneutralan antara asid nitrik dan
larutan kalium hidroksida untuk penyediaan garam X.
-3
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
(a)
State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask at the end point.
Nyatakan perubahan warna larutan dalam kelalang kon pada takat akhir.
.
.
[1 mark]
SET 3
(b)
(i)
.
[1 mark]
(ii)
.
[1 mark]
(iii)
[3 marks]
(c)
(i)
The experiment is repeated with 0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid to replace
nitric acid. Predict the volume of sulphuric acid needed to neutralize
completely.
3
Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan 0.5 mol dm- asid sulfurik bagi
menggantikan asid nitrik. Ramalkan isipadu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan untuk
peneutralan lengkap.
.
[1 mark]
(ii)
.
.
.
[2 marks]
(iii)
.
[1 mark]
SET 3
5.
Rajah 5, menunjukkan beberapa siri tindak balas yang melibatkan garam plumbum.
Larutan kalium
karbonat
Pepejal Q
Gas W
dipanaskan
RAJAH 5
a) (i)
Namakan gas W.
..
[1 markah]
(ii)
..
..
[2 markah]
b) Tuliskan formula kimia bagi pepejal Q.
[1 markah]
c) (i)
.........
..
[1 markah]
(ii)
Jika 2.67 g plumbum (II) karbonat dipanaskan, berapakah jisim baki yang
terhasil.
[Jisim atom relatif: Pb, 207; C,12; O,16]
[2 markah]
10
SET 3
d) (i)
Plumbum (II) nitrat bertindak balas dengan larutan kalium karbonat untuk
menghasilkan plumbum (II) karbonat . Namakan tindak balas yang
terlibat.
..
[1 markah]
(ii)
..
[1 markah]
5
(a)
Solution A
Larutan A
Solution B
Larutan B
Explain why dry red litmus paper turns blue in solution A and remain red in
solution B.
Terangkan mengapa kertas litmus merah bertukar biru dalam larutan A dan kekal tidak
berubah dalam larutan B.
[4 marks]
(b)
In a tiration, 22.00 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is required to neutralise
25.00 cm3 of potassium hydroxide solution.
3
Dalam satu pentitratan 22.00 cm asid hidroklorik diperlukan untuk meneutralkan 25.00
3
cm larutan kalium hidroksida.
(i)
(ii)
[4 marks]
(c)
[2 marks]
11
SET 3
(d)
Table 5 shows the information and pH value of sulphuric acid and ethanoic acid.
Jadual 5 menunjukkan maklumat dan nilai pH bagi asid sulfurik dan asid etanoik.
Acid
pH
Asid
1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
1
5
Table 5
Jadual 5
Based on information in Table 6, compare between sulphuric acid and ethanoic
acid. Your comparison should refer to the following aspects:
chemical formula,
basicity,
the ions formed when ionised in water,
ionisation equation,
degree of ionisation and
the strength of both acids.
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 6, bandingkan antara asid sulfurik dan asid
etanoik. Perbandingan anda hendaklah merujuk kepada aspek-aspek berikut:
Formula kimia,
kebesan,
ion-ion yang terbentuk apabila mengion dalam air,
persamaan pengionan,
darjah pengionan dan
kekuatan untuk kedua-dua asid.
[10 marks]
6.
(a)
Concentration/mol dm-3
pH Value
Ammonia solution
0.1
11
0.1
13
Alkali
TABLE 6
Explain why these two solutions have different pH values.
[4 marks]
12
SET 3
(b)
You are given lead (II) nitrate solution and aluminium nitrate solution.
Describe chemical tests that can be used to verify the cations and anion
in each solutions.
[6 marks]
(c)
Solid copper (II) oxide is added little by little to 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
sulphuric acid to form copper (II) sulphate until it excess. The mixture
solution is stirred. The solution is filtered. After that the filtrate is heated
until it saturate. Finally it is cooled at room temperature. Copper (II)
sulphate crystals is formed.
[Relative atomic mass, Cu=64, S=32, O=16]
(i)
(ii)
(d)
Acid rain increases the acidity of the soil.
Most plants cannot grow well in acidic soil
(a)
Solution A
Larutan A
:
:
Solution B :
Larutan B
Explain why dry blue litmus paper turns red in solution A and remain blue
in solution B.
Terangkan mengapa kertas litmus biru bertukar merah dalam larutan A dan kekal
biru dalam larutan B.
[4 marks]
(b)
-3
Dalam satu pentitratan 22.00 cm asid sulfuric 0.1 mol dm diperlukan untuk
3
menuetralkan 25 cm larutan natrium hidroksida.
13
SET 3
(i)
(ii)
[6 marks]
(c)
Describe the chemical tests that can be used to verify the cation and
anion in magnesium nitrate.
Huraikan ujian-ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal kation dan
anion dalam magnesium nitrat.
[10 marks]
8.(a)
Eksperimen
II
III
26.35
30.00
29.40
1.25
5.00
4.50
H2SO4
2NaOH
Na2SO4
2H2O
14
SET 3
(b)
(i)
(ii)
9.
a)
b)
c)
15
SET 3
PAPER 3
1.
A student carried out an experiment to determine the end point in the titration of
sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide solution. 25 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium
hydroxide solution is titrated with 1.0 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid using
phenolphthalein indicator.
Diagram 1 shows the initial and the final burette readings of the titration.
25
26
Sodium hydroxide
solution
DIAGRAM 1
16
SET 3
a)
Complete Table 1.
Final burette reading/cm3
Initial burette reading/cm3
Volume of sulphuric acid/ cm3
TABLE 1
b)
..............
c)
Cation
Anion
d)
A few drops of sulphuric acid are added after the end point of titration.
Predict the pH value of the solution.
..
2.
Langkah I:
Langkah II:
Langkah III:
Langkah IV:
17
SET 3
Tabung uji
Isipadu larutan
plumbum (II) nitrat
1.0 moldm-3/ cm3
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Tinggi mendakan
plumbum (II)
iodida/ cm
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
JADUAL 2
a)
b)
(i)
(ii)
c)
Kelaskan ion-ion yang terdapat dalam larutan plumbum (II) nitrat dan larutan
kalium iodida yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini kepada kation dan anion.
Kation
d)
Anion
e)
Apakah hubungan antara isipadu larutan plumbum (II) nitrat dengan tinggi
mendakan plumbum (II) iodida?
18
SET 3
..
3.
Acid shows its acidic properties only in the presence of water but
cannot show its acidic properties in organic solvent.
Asid hanya menunjukkan sifat-sifat asid apabila larut dalam air tetapi tidak
menunjukkan sifat-sifat asid apabila larut dalam pelarut organik.
(c) Hypothesis
Hipotesis
(e) Procedure
Prosedur
19
SET 3
REDOX
PAPER 2
1.
Carbon electrode Q
Carbon electrode P
Elektrod karbon Q
Elektrod karbon P
Acidified potassium
dichromate (VI) solution
Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a)
[1 mark]
(b)
What is the function of sulphuric acid in this experiment?
Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik dalam eksperimen ini?
..
[1 mark]
(c)
[1 mark]
(d)
[1 mark]
SET 3
(e)
REDOX
After 10 minutes, a few drops of starch solution are added to the solution at
electrode P.
Selepas 10 minit, beberapa titis larutan kanji ditambahkan ke dalam larutan pada
elektrod P.
....
[1 mark]
(f)
The following equation shows the half equation for the reaction at
electrode Q.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas pada
elektrod Q.
(i)
[1 mark]
(ii)
..
[1 mark]
(iii)
..
.
[2 marks]
(iv)
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
SET 3
2.
REDOX
Agar-agar solution
Larutan agar-agar
+
Chlorine water
Potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III)
solution
Air klorin
Larutan kalium
heksasianoferat (III)
+
Phenolphthalein
Fenolftalein
Iron(II) sulphate
solution
Larutan ferum(II)
sulfat
Test tube A
Test tube B
Tabung uji A
Tabung uji B
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
(a)
(i)
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
.....................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(iii)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
SET 3
(b)
REDOX
(i)
.................................................................................................................................
..
[1 mark]
(ii)
.................................................................................................................................
..
[1 mark]
(c) Compare the answer in (b)(i) and (b) (ii) and explain why there is a difference in
the observation.
Bandingkan jawapan di (b)(i) dan (b) (ii) dan terangkan kenapa terdapat perbezaan
dalam pemerhatian.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d) When iron is exposed to water and oxygen, it rusts easily. State one method to
prevent the rusting of iron.
Apabila besi terdedah kepada air dan oksigen, ia mudah berkarat. Nyatakan satu kaedah
untuk mengelakkan besi daripada berkarat.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
SET 3
3.
REDOX
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji tindak
balas di antara larutan ferum(II) sulfat dengan air bromin.
Elektrod karbon
P
Air Bromin
RAJAH 3
(a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
[2 markah]
SET 3
(c)
(i)
REDOX
..
[1 markah]
(ii)
..
[1 markah]
(d)
[1 markah]
(e)
Apakah bahan lain yang boleh menggantikan air bromin supaya tindak
balas boleh berlaku?
[1 markah]
4.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji tindak balas yang berlaku di
dalam tabung uji A dan B.
Air bromin
Agar-agar +
larutan heksasianoferat (III)
+ fenolftalein
Tabung uji A
Tabung uji B
SET 3
a)
(i)
REDOX
[1 markah]
(ii)
[1 markah]
(iii)
[2 markah]
b)
(i)
[1 markah]
(ii)
[1 markah]
c)
[1 markah]
(ii)
[3 markah]
SET 3
d)
REDOX
[1 markah]
5.
(a)
Using one suitable example of half equations at the anode and the cathode for
electroplating of metal, state and explain this redox reaction in terms of:
(i).
Transfer of electrons
(ii).
[4 marks]
(b) Table 5 shows the observations for Experiment I and Experiment II for studying
redox reaction.
Experiment
Observation
Experiment I
Excess zinc
powder
Copper (II) sulphate
solution
Experiment II
Yellow precipitate is
formed.
Potassium iodide
solution
TABLE 5
Explain the observations in Experiment I and Experiment II based on redox
reaction. Determine which experiment involves redox reaction. Your explaination
should include
ionic equations.
[6 marks]
SET 3
(c)
REDOX
Magnesium stripe
Copper stripe
6.
(a)
(c)
7.
(a)
Reaction I
NaOH
Mg
HCl
NaCl
H2O
Tindak balas I
Reaction II
Tindak balas I I
Zn(NO3)2
Mg(NO3)2
Zn
SET 3
REDOX
[4 marks]
(b)
Diagram 7 shows two redox reactions that take place in test tubes P
and Q.
Rajah 7, menunjukkan dua tindak balas redoks yang berlaku dalan tabung uji P
dan Q.
Chlorine
Klorin
Potassium iodide
Kalium iodida
Test tube P
Tabung uji P
Test tube Q
Diagram 7
Tabung uji Q
Rajah 7
Write the ionic equation for the redox reaction in test tubes P and Q.
Tuliskan persamaan ion untuk tindak balas redoks dalam tabung uji P dan Q
[6 marks]
10
SET 3
(c)
REDOX
Experiment
Reactants
Observation
II
No change
Tiada perubahan
III
Table 7
Jadual 7
[10 marks]
11
SET 3
(a)
REDOX
G
Carbon electrode P
Carbon electrode Q
Elektrod karbon P
Elektrod karbon Q
Solution X
Larutan X
Diagram 8
Rajah 8
(i)
(ii)
[10 marks]
12
SET 3
(b)
REDOX
The information shows the position of metal R, iron and metal S in the
Electrochemical Series.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan kedudukan logam R, besi dan logam S dalam Siri
Elektrokimia.
R
Fe
S
Keelektropositifan logam
berkurang
[10 marks]
13
SET 3
REDOX
PAPER 3
1. Diagram 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the order
of the metals in the reactivity series.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk menentukan susunan
logam-logam dalam siri kereaktifan.
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
Potassium manganate (VII) is heated to release oxygen gas which is used to react
with metal powder.
This experiment is carried out using magnesium powder, zinc powder, lead powder
and copper powder to react with oxygen gas respectively.
Kalium manganat (VII) dipanaskan untuk membebaskan gas oksigen bagi bertindak balas
dengan serbuk logam.
Eksperimen ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan serbuk magnesium, serbuk zink, serbuk
plumbum dan serbuk kuprum yang masing-masing ditindak balas dengan gas oksigen.
Table 1.2 shows the observations on the brightness of glow or flame when the metal
powders react with oxygen gas.
Jadual 1.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian tentang keamatan baraan atau nyalaan apabila serbuk
logam bertindak balas dengan gas oksigen.
Metal / logam
Magnesium / magnesium
Observation / pemerhatian
Magnesium burns brightly
Magnesium terbakar dengan nyalaan berkilau
Zinc / zink
Lead / plumbum
Copper / kuprum
Table 1.2
Jadual 1.2
[3 marks]
14
SET 3
REDOX
(b) What can be observed to the residue after heating the lead powder?
Apakah yang diperhatikan ke atas baki selepas memanaskan serbuk plumbum?
[3 marks]
(c) Based on the observation in Table 1.2, state the inference for the reaction
between magnesium powder and oxygen gas.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 1.2, nyatakan inferens bagi tindak balas antara
magnesium dan oksigen.
.......
[3 marks]
i) Manipulated variable
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan
...
ii) Responding variable
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
...
iii) Constant variable
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan
...
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
(f) Based on the observations in Table 1.2, arrange zinc, copper, lead and
magnesium in ascending order of reactivity of metal towards oxygen.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 1.2, susunkan logam zink, kuprum, plumbum
dan magnesium mengikut tertib kereaktifan logam terhadap oksigen secara menaik.
15
SET 3
Metal /
Observation /
logam
pemerhatian
Iron /
Besi
REDOX
(h) In this experiment, zinc takes a longer time to start burning compared to
magnesium. Explain.
Dalam eksperimen ini, zink memerlukan masa yang lebih panjang untuk mula menyala
berbanding dengan magnesium. Terangkan.
...
...
...
[3 marks]
Lead
Zinc
Copper
Magnesium
(i) Classify the metals into more reactive metals than iron and less reactive metals
than iron when react with oxygen.
Kelaskan logam-logam di atas kepada dua kumpulan iaitu kumpulan logam yang lebih
reaktif daripada besi dan kumpulan logam yang kurang reaktif daripada besi apabila
bertindak balas dengan oksigen.
[3 marks]
16
SET 3
REDOX
14.6303 g
17.0303 g
Electronic balance
Electronic balance
Magnesium oxide
18.6303 g
Electronic balance
Diagram 1.3
Rajah 1.3
(i) Record the readings of the experiment with two decimal places.
Rekod bacaan bagi eksperimen dengan dua titik perpuluhan.
: .
[3 marks]
17
SET 3
REDOX
(ii) Based on (j) (i), construct a table to record the readings of the experiment.
Berdasarkan (j) (i), bina satu jadual untuk merekodkan bacaan bagi eksperiment
tersebut.
[3 marks]
2
Metal P is more electropositive than iron.
Metal Q is less electropositive than iron.
Logam P lebih elektropositif daripada besi.
Logam Q kurang elektropositif daripada besi.
(c) Hypothesis
Hipotesis
[17 marks]
18