Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOM

STRUKTUR ATOM
1

(a)

What is meant by matter?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan jirim?

[1 mark]

(b)

Diagram 1 shows the arrangement of particles in a substance.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan zarah-zarah suatu unsur.

Diagram / Rajah 1
(i)

What is the physical state of this material?

Apakah keadaan fizik bagi bahan ini?
......
[1 mark]

(ii)

Describe the characteristic of solid, liquid and gas.

Complete the table below.
Huraikan ciri-ciri bagi pepejal, cecair dan gas.
Lengkapkan jadual di bawah.

State of matter
Keadaan jirim
Draw the
arrangement of
particles
Lukiskan susunan
zarah-zarah

Arrangement of
particles
Susunan zarah

KIMIA SPM 2014

Solid
Pepejal

liquid
Cecair

Gas
Gas

Particles are
arranged ....................
and in orderly manner.
Zarah tersusun sangat
......................... dan
teratur.

Particles are arranged

closely but
not ..............................
......
Zarah tersusun padat
tetapi

Particles
are ..............................
.....
Zarah terletak
...................................

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

tidak ...........................
.......

Movement of
particles
Pergerakan zarahzarah

Particles vibrate at a
fixed position.
Zarah bergetar pada
kedudukan yang
tetap.

Particles .....................
, rotate and move
freely.
Zarah .........................
, berputar dan
bergerak bebas.

Attractive forces
between the
particles
Daya tarikan
antara zarah

Forces of attraction
between particles are
very strong.
Daya tarikan antara
zarah-zarah sangat
kuat.
Very low.
Sangat rendah.

Forces of attraction
are ..............................
......

Energy content
Kandungan tenaga

Daya tarikan yang

...................................
..............................

Particles vibrate,
rotate and
move ..........................
..
Zarah bergetar,
berputar dan
bergerak .....................
.......
Forces of attraction
are very weak.
Daya tarikan yang
sangat lemah.
Very high.
Sangat tinggi.
[10 marks]

(c)

Table below shows five substances and its formula.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan lima bahan dan formula masing-masing.
Substance
Bahan
Sodium
Natrium
Water
Air
Oxygen
Oksigen
Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida
Ammonia
Ammonia

Formula

Na
H2O
O2
NaCl
NH3

Classify the substances into atom, ion and molecule.

Kelaskan bahan-bahan di atas kepada atom, ion dan molekul.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

[3 marks]
2

Diagram 2 shows the inter-conversion of the three states of matter of substance X

Rajah 2 menunjukkan perubahan tiga keadaan jirim bagi bahan X.
Melting / Peleburan

Boiling / Pendidihan

Freezing / Pembekuan

Process Q / Proses Q

Solid / Pepejal

Liquid / Cecair

....................

Diagram / Rajah 2
(a)

Name the Process Q.

Namakan proses Q.

[1 mark]

(b)

What type of particle is found in water ?

Apakah jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam air?

[1 mark]

(c)

What is the physical state for X after Q process.

Apakah keadaan fizikal X selepas proses Q.

[1 mark]

(d)

Under the room temperature, at what temperature is the boiling point of water?
Di bawah suhu bilik, pada suhu berapakah takat didih bagi air?
..........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(e)

When solid X changes to liquid X, state the changes in:

Apabila pepejal X berubah kepada cecair X, nyatakan perubahan bagi:
(i)

The energy of the particles

Tenaga zarah-zarah

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii)

The forces of attraction between the particles.

Daya tarikan antara zarah-zarah itu.
.......................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(f)

When heating, what happen to the particles?

Apakah yang berlaku kepada zarah apabila dipanaskan?
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

Diagram 3 shows the results of an experiment to investigate the movement of solid

potassium manganate (VII) in solid. The purple colour of solid potassium manganate
(VII), KMnO4 spreads slowly throughout the gel after two hours.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan keputusan suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pergerakan
zarah-zarah kalium manganat (VII) di dalam pepejal. Warna ungu pepejal kalium
manganat (VII), KMnO4 tersebar sangat perlahan ke seluruh bahagian gel selepas dua
jam.

So
Pe

After two hours/

Selepas dua jam

Gel

Diagram / Rajah 3
(a)

State the name of the process involved in this experiment

Nyatakan nama proses yang terlibat dalam eksperimen ini
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b)

The smell of durian spreads very rapidly in a room.

Explain the situation based on the kinetic theory of matter.
Bau durian tersebar dengan sangat cepat di dalam sebuah bilik.
Terangkan pemerhatian anda berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim.

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

[3 marks]
(c)

Table 3 shows proton number and the number of neutrons for atom P, Q, R and S.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan nombor proton dan bilangan neutron bagi atom P, Q, R
dan S.

Proton number /
Nombor proton
3

Number of neutrons /
Bilangan neutron
4

16

17

16

16

19

20

Atom

Table / Jadual 3
(i)

State the nucleon number of atom P.

Nyatakan nombor nukleon bagi atom P.
................
[1 mark]

(ii)

Write the symbol of atom Q in the form of A

Tuliskan simbol bagi atom Q dalam bentuk Z

X
[1 mark]

(iv)

Which atoms have the same number of valence electrons?

Atom manakah mempunyai bilangan elektron valens yang sama?
................
[1 mark]

(v)

Which atoms are isotopes? Explain why.

Atom-atom manakah adalah isotop? Terangkan mengapa.
................
................
[2 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

FORMULA DAN PERSAMAAN KIMIA
4

(a)

Calculate the number of mole for the following substances:

Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi bahan-bahan berikut:
[Relative atomic mass : O = 16 ; Na = 23 ; Cl = 35.5 ]
(i)

11.5 g of sodium / natrium

[1 mark]
(ii)

58.5 g of sodium chloride / natrium klorida

[1 mark]
(iii)

8 g of oxygen gas/gas oksigen

[1 mark]
(b)

Calculate the mass for the following substances :

Hitungkan jisim bagi bahan-bahan berikut:
[Relative atomic mass : H = 1 ; O = 16 ; S = 32 ; Cl = 35.5 ]
[Avogadros number ; NA = 6.02 1023 ]
(i)

2 mol of sulphur dioxide gas/gas sulfur dioksida, SO2.

[1 mark]
(ii)

2.5 mol of water/air, H2O.

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

[1 mark]

(iii)

2.25 mol of chlorine gas/gas klorin,Cl2.

[1 mark]
(c)

Calculate the number of atoms for the following substances :

Hitung bilangan atom bagi bahan-bahan berikut:
[Relative atomic mass : H = 1 ]
[Avogadros number ; NA = 6.02 1023 ]
(i)

2 mol of aluminium

[1 mark]
(ii)

3 mol of magnesium

[1 mark]
(iii)

2 g of hydrogen gas/gas hidrogen

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

[2 marks]

(d)

Calculate the number of molecules for the following substances :

Hitungkan bilangan molekul bagi bahan-bahan berikut:
[Relative atomic mass : H = 1 ; O = 16 ; C = 12 ]
[ Avogadros number ; NA = 6.02 1023 ]
(i)

3 mol of nitrogen dioxide gas/gas nitrogen dioksida.

[1 mark]
(ii)

32 g of oxygen gas/gas oksigen, O2

[2 marks]
(iii)

64 g of methane gas/gas metana, CH4

[2 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

(a)

Table 5.1 shows formula of several ions.

Jadual 5.1 menunjukkan formula bagi beberapa ion.

Ion name
Nama ion

Silver ion
ion argentum

Formula of ion
Formula ion

Ag+

Zinc ion
ion zink

Nitrate ion
ion nitrat

Zn2+

NO3-

Chloride ion
ion klorida

Cl-

Table / Jadual 5.1

Write the formula for zinc chloride and zinc nitrate.
Tuliskan formula kimia bagi zink klorida dan zink nitrat.
Zinc chloride
zink klorida

: ..............................

Zinc nitrate
zink nitrat : ......................................
[2 marks]
(b)

When silver nitrate solution is added to zinc chloride solution, a white precipitate
silver chloride and zinc nitrate solution produced.
Apabila larutan argentum nitrat ditambahkan kepada larutan zink klorida,
mendakan putih argentum klorida dan larutan zink nitrat terhasil.
(i)

(ii)

Name the reactants.

Namakan bahan-bahan tindak balas.
..............................................................................................................
[1 mark]
Name the products.
Namakan hasil-hasil tindak balas.
..............................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction take place.

Tuliskan persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.
..............................................................................................................

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

[1 mark]

(c)

Silver nitrate decomposed when it is strongly heated according to equation

below:
Argentum nitrat terurai apabila dipanaskan dengan kuat mengikut persamaan di
bawah :
2AgNO3
(i)

2Ag

2NO2

O2

When 1 mol of silver nitrate is heated, calculate number of mole of silver

and number of mole of oxygen gas produced.
Jika 1 mol argentum nitrat dipanaskan, hitungkan bilangan mol argentum
dan bilangan mol gas oksigen yang terhasil.

[2 marks]
(ii)

In an experiment, a student heated 85 g of silver nitrate.

Calculate number of mole of silver nitrate and volume of nitrogen dioxide
released at room condition.
[Relative atomic mass: N, 14 ; O, 16 ; Ag, 108]
[1 mol of gas occupies 24.0 dm3 at room condition]
Dalam satu eksperimen, seorang pelajar telah memanaskan 85 g
argentum nitrat.
Hitungkan bilangan mol argentum nitrat dan isipadu gas nitrogen dioksida
yang terbebas pada keadaan bilik
[Jisim atom relatif : N, 14 ; O, 16 ; Ag, 108]
[1 mol gas menempati 24.0 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

[3 marks]

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

JADUAL BERKALA UNSUR
6

Diagram 6 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Diagram / Rajah 6
Based on Diagram 6, answer the following questions:
Berdasarkan Rajah 6, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:
(a) What is name of the element represented by the following symbol?
Apakah nama bagi unsur yang diwakili oleh simbol berikut?
Symbol
Simbol
H

Name
Nama

He
O
Mg
Al
Fe
[3 marks]
(b) State the position of the following elements in the periodic table :
Nyatakan kedudukan unsur-unsur berikut dalam jadual berkala :
Element

KIMIA SPM 2014

Group

Period

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

Unsur
O

Kumpulan

Kala

Mg
Al
[3 marks]

(c) Based on your answer in (b), write the electron arrangement for the atom of the
following elements:
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (b), tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom unsurunsur berikut:
Symbol of the element
Simbol unsur
O

Electron arrangement of atom

Susunan elektron bagi atom

Mg
Al
[3 marks]
(d) Classify all the elements in Diagram 4 into metal and non-metal.
Kelaskan semua unsur dalam Rajah 4 kepada logam dan bukan logam.
Metal
Logam

Non-metal
Bukan logam

[2 marks]
(e) (i) State the transition element in Diagram 6.
Nyatakan unsur peralihan dalam Rajah 6.
.
(ii)

State one specific characteristic of the transition element.

Nyatakan satu sifat istimewa bagi logam peralihan tersebut.
.
[1 mark]

(f) Which element exists as monoatomic? Explain why.

Manakah unsur yang wujud sebagai monoatom? Terangkan mengapa

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

...
...
[2 marks]

Table 7.1 shows the electron arrangement of lithium, oxygen and sodium atoms.
Jadual 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom litium, oksigen dan natrium.
Element
Lithium
Litium
Sodium
Natrium
Chlorine
Klorin

Symbol

Electron arrangement

Li

2.1

Na

2.8.1

Cl

2.8.7

Table / Jadual 7.1

(a) Based on the information in Table 7.1;
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 7.1;
(i)

(ii)

Identify one metal and one non-metal element.

Kenal pasti satu unsur logam dan satu unsur bukan logam.

[2 marks]

State the group and period of chlorine in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Nyatakan kumpulan dan kala bagi klorin dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
[2 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

(b)

Table 7.2 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the reactions between lithium
and sodium with chlorine gas.
Jadual 7.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyiasat tindak balas antara
litium dan natrium dengan gas klorin.
Apparatus set-up

Observation
Lithium burns slowly with a red flame.
A white fume is produced.
Litium terbakar perlahan-lahan dengan
nyalaan merah.
Wasap putih terhasil.

Gas jar spoon

Sudu balang gas
Gas jar
Balang gas
Lithium
Litium

Chlorine gas
Gas klorin

Lithium burns brightly with a yellow flame.

A white fume is produced.
Litium terbakar terang dengan nyalaan
kuning.
Wasap putih terhasil.

Gas jar spoon

Sudu balang gas
Gas jar
Balang gas
Sodium
Natrium

(i)

Tablegas/ Jadual 7.2

Chlorine
Gas klorin

Complete the chemical equation below that shows the reaction

between lithium and chlorine gas.
Lengkapkan persamaan kimia di bawah yang menunjukkan tindak
balas antara litium dengan gas klorin.

..... Li

Cl2

..... LiCl
[1 mark]

(ii)

KIMIA SPM 2014

Compare the reactivity of lithium and sodium when react with chlorine.
Explain your answer.

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

Bandingkan kereaktifan antara litium dan natrium apabila bertindak
balas dengan klorin. Terangkan jawapan anda.
[4 marks]

CHEMICAL BOND
IKATAN KIMIA
8

Diagram 8 shows the position of element X and Y in The Periodic Table.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan kedudukan unsur X dan Y dalam Jadual Berkala.
1

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Y
Diagram / Rajah 8

Element X and element Y can form a compound with formula of XY. Compound XY can
conduct electricity in molten or aqueous form.
Unsur X dan unsur Y boleh membentuk sebatian berformula XY. Sebatian XY boleh
mengkonduksi elektrik dalam keadaan lebur atau akueus.
(a) Write the electron arrangement of X atom.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.
....
[1 mark]
(b)

State the formula of ion formed from element Y.

Nyatakan formula bagi ion yang terbentuk dari unsur Y.
....
[1 mark]

(c)

Draw the diagram of electron arrangement for compound XY

Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan elektron bagi sebatian XY.

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

[2 marks]
(d)

State why compound XY can conduct electricity in molten and aqueous only.
Nyatakan mengapa sebatian XY boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan
lebur dan akeous sahaja.
....
[1 mark]

(e)

(i)

State another physical properties of compound XY

Nyatakan satu sifat fizikal lain bagi sebatian XY.
.
[1 mark]

(ii)

Explain your answer in (e) (i).

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (e) (i).
.
.
[2 marks]

Table 9 show the proton number for element X and Y.

Jadual 9 menunjukkan nombor atom bagi unsur X dan Y
Element

Proton number

19

11
Table / Jadual 9

Element X and Y react with oxygen. The reactivity of reaction between X and oxygen is
higher than the reactivity of reaction between Y and oxygen.

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

Unsur X dan Y bertindak balas dengan oxygen. Kereaktifan tindak balas unsur X
dengan oksigen adalah lebih tinggi daripada kereaktifan tindak balas unsur Y dengan
oksigen.
Draw a diagram of electron arrangement for the compound form from reaction between
element Y and oxygen. Lukiskan gambar rajah bagi susunan elektron bagi sebatian
yang terbentuk antara unsur Y dan oksigen.
[Proton number of oxygen is 8 // Nombor proton oksigen adalah 8]
[2 marks]

10

Diagram 10 shows the electron arrangement of compound L formed when oxygen

reacts with carbon.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan susunan electron bagi sebatian L yang terbentuk apabila
oksigen bertindak balas dengan karbon.

x
x

x
x

Compound / Sebatian L
Diagram / Rajah 10
(a) (i)

State the type of bond in compound L.

Nyatakan jenis ikatan dalam sebatian L.

[1 mark]

(ii)

Write the chemical formula for compound L.

Tulis formula kimia bagi sebatian L.

[2 marks]

(b) Oxygen can also react with sodium to form another compound with formula Na2O.
Oksigen juga boleh bertindak balas dengan natrium untuk membentuk sebatian
lain dengan formula Na2O.
(i)

Compare the melting point of compound Na2O with melting point of

compound L in Diagram 3.
Bandingkan takat lebur bagi sebatian Na2O dengan takat lebur sebatian L
di Rajah 10.

[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

(ii)

Explain your answer in 3(b)(i)

Terangkan jawapan anda di 3(b)(i)

[2 marks]

11 Table 11 shows electron arrangement for element W, X and Y.

Element

Electron arrangement

2.6

2.8.2

2.8.7

Table / Jadual 11
Explain using the electron arrangement how the chemical bond is formed between:
Terangkan dari segi susunan elektron bagaimana ikatan kimia terbentuk antara:
(a)

W and W / W dan W
[5 marks]

(b)

X and Y / X dan Y
[8 marks]

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

ELECTROCHEMISTRY
ELEKTROKIMIA
12 The diagram 12 shows list of the substances. The substances can be classified into
electrolyte and non-electrolyte.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan senarai bahan-bahan. Bahan-bahan tersebut boleh dikelaskan
kepada elektrolit dan bukan elektrolit.
Hydrochloric acid, HCl
Asid hidroklorik , HCl.

Molten lead
Leburan plumbum

Solid sodium chloride, NaCl

Pepejal natrium klorida , NaCl

Molten lead(II) bromide,PbBr2

Leburan plumbum(II) bromide, PbBr2

Molten sodium chloride, NaCl

Leburan natrium klorida, NaCl

Sodium chloride, NaCl solution

Larutan natrium klorida , NaCl.

Naphthalene, C10H8
Naftalena

Asetamide
Asetamida

Diagram / Rajah 12
(a) What is meant by electrolyte?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektrolit?

[1 mark]
(b) Explain why a sugar solution does not conduct electricity while a common salt
solution conducts electricity.
Terangkan mengapa larutan gula tidak dapat mengalirkan elektrik manakala
larutan garam biasa dapat mengalirkan elektrik.

[2 marks]

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

(c) Classify the substances above into electrolytes and non-electrolytes.
Kelaskan bahan-bahan di atas kepada elektrolit dan bukan elektrolit.
Electrolytes / Elektrolit

Non-electrolytes / Bukan elektrolit

[2 marks]
(d)

Lead(II) bromide
Plumbum(II) bromida

Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida

(i) Based on the above compounds listed, state the name of particles in the
compounds.
Berdasarkan sebatian yang disenaraikan di atas , nyatakan nama bagi
zarah dalam sebatian itu.
Lead(II) bromide :
Plumbum(II)bromida
Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida

:
[2 marks]

(ii)

Why does lead(II) bromide in the solid state cannot conduct electricity but
can conduct electricity in molten state ?
Mengapakah plumbum(II) bromida dalam keadaan pepejal tidak boleh
mengkonduksikan elektrik tetapi boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam
keadaan leburan?
.....
.
[2 marks]

(iii)

Complete the equations in the table below to show melting process for each
of the substances.
Lengkapkan persamaan dalam jadual di bawah untuk menunjukkan proses
peleburan bagi setiap bahan itu.
Compound
Sebatian
Lead(II) bromide

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Equation
Persamaan

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

Plumbum(II)bromida

PbBr2(s) ...........() + ...........( )

Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida.

.............(s) Na+( ) + Cl- ()

[ 2 marks]

ACID AND BASES

ASID DAN BES
13

Hydrochloric acid ia a strong acid. Table13 shows two solutions of hydrochloric acid, P
and Q, of different concentrations.
Asid hidroklorik ialah asid kuat. Jadual 13 menunjukkan dua larutan asid hidroklorik,
P dan Q, dengan kepekatan yang berlainan.
Hydrochloric acid solution
Larutan asid hidroklorik

Concentration ( mol dm-3 )

Kepekatan ( mol dm-3 )

0.100

0.001
Table / Jadual 13

(a) State the meaning of an acid.

Nyatakan maksud asid.
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Why hydrochloric acid is a strong acid?
Mengapakah asid hidroklorik ialah asid kuat?
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Solutions P and Q have different pH values.
Larutan P dan Q mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza.
(i)

Which solution gives a lower pH value?

Larutan yang manakah memberikan nilai pH yang lebih rendah?
........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

(ii)

Give one reason for the answer in (c) (i).

Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di (c) (i).
....................................................................................................................
...
[1 mark]

14

(a)

Table 14.1 shows the ionisation and the colour of phenolphthalein of the solution
P, Q and R.
Jadual 14.1 menunjukkan pengionan dan warna larutan fenolftalein bagi larutan
P, Q dan R.
Solution
Larutan

Ionisation
Pengionan

Colour of phenolphthalein in the solution

Warna fenolftalein dalam larutan itu

Ionises completely
Mengion lengkap

Colourless
Tanpa warna

Ionises partially
Mengion separa

Colourless
Tanpa warna

Ionises completely
Mengion lengkap

Pink
Merah jambu

Table / Jadual 14.1

(i)

Which solution has the lowest pH value?

Larutan manakah yang mempunyai nilai pH paling rendah?
...........
[1 mark]

(ii)

Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i).

Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (a) (i).
...........
[1 mark]

(iii)

Solution P, Q and R might be acid or alkali. Classify the solutions into acid or
alkali.
Larutan P, Q dan R mungkin asid atau alkali. Kelaskan larutan itu kepada
asid atau alkali.
Acid / asid : ...........
Alkali / alkali : ..........

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

[2 marks]

(b)

Diagram 14.2 shows the observations in test tube I and test tube II when
hydrogen chloride in tetrachloromethane and hydrogen chloride in solvent X are
reacted with zinc.
Rajah 14.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian dalam tabung uji I dan tabung uji II apabila
hidrogen klorida dalam tetraklorometana dan hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut X
bertindak balas dengan zink.
Test tube
Tabung uji

II

Zinc
Zink

Apparatus
set-up
Susunan
radas

Zinc
Zink

Hydrogen chloride in solvent X

Hydrogen chloride in tetrachloromethane
Hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut X
Hidrogen klorida dalam tetraklorometana

Observation
Pemerhatian

No change
Tiada perubahan

Bubbles of gas are produced

Gelembung gas terbebas

Diagram / Rajah 14.2

(i)

State the name of solvent X.

Nyatakan nama pelarut X.
...........
[1 mark]

(ii)

Write the formula of ion that causes an acid shows its acidic properties.
Tuliskan formula ion yang menyebabkan asid menunjukkan sifat asid.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

...........
[1 mark]
(iii)

Explain the differences in observation in test tube I and II.

Terangkan perbezaan pemerhatian dalam tabung uji I dan II.
...........
...........
...........
[2 marks]

(c)

Vinegar consists of an ethanoic acid. Describe briefly a chemical test to verify the
acid without using an indicator.
Cuka mengandungi asid etanoik. Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk
mengenal pasti asid tanpa menggunakan penunjuk.
.............
.............
.............
[2 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

SALTS
GARAM
15 (a)

What is the meaning of salt?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan garam?
...............
...............
[1 mark]

(b)

Complete the table below:

Lengkapkan jadual di bawah:

Type of salt
Jenis garam
Sodium carbonate
Natrium karbonat
Copper(II) nitrate
Kuprum(II) nitrat

Colour in solid state

Warna dalam keadaan pepejal

Blue
Biru

Colour in aqueous solution

Warna dalam larutan akues
Colourless
Tidak berwarna
.
[2 marks]

16 Table 16 shows the positive and negative ions in three salt solutions.
Jadual 16 menunjukkan ion-ion positif dan negatif di dalam tiga larutan garam.
Name of salt
Nama garam
Potassium chloride
Kalium kloride
Iron(II) sulphate
Ferum(II) sulfat
Silver nitrate
Argentum nitrat

Positive ion
Ion positif

Negative ion
Ion negatif

K+

Cl-

Fe2+

SO42-

Ag+

NO3-

Table / Jadual 16

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

Use the information in Table 16 to answer the following questions:
Gunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 16 untuk menjawab soalan-soalan berikut:
(a) State the name of ions in iron(II) sulphate solution.
Nyatakan nama ion-ion dalam larutan ferum(II) sulfat.
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Write the chemical formula for:

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi:
(i) Potassium chloride
Kalium klorida
(ii) Silver nitrate
Argentum nitrat

: ....................................
: ....................................
[2 marks]

(c) When 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chloride solution is added to excess
silver nitrate solution, a white precipitate is formed.
Apabila 50 cm3 larutan kalium klorida 1.0 mol dm-3 dicampurkan kepada larutan
argentum nitrat berlebihan, satu mendakan putih terbentuk.
(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.
.........................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii) Describe the chemical equation in (c) (i) quantitatively.
Perihalkan persamaan kimia dalam (c) (i) secara kuantitatif.
.........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) State the name of the white precipitate.
Nyatakan nama mendakan putih itu.
.........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iv) Calculate the number of mole of potassium chloride in the solution.
[Use the formula : Number of mole = ]
Hitungkan bilangan mol kalium klorida dalam larutan itu.
[Gunakan rumus : Bilangan mole = ]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

[1 mark]
(v) Calculate the mass of precipitate formed.
Given that the relative atomic mass of Ag=108, Cl=35.5
[Use the formula: Mass = Number of mole Molar mass]
Hitungkan jisim mendakan yang terbentuk.
Diberi jisim atom relatif Ag=108, Cl=35.5.
[Gunakan rumus : Jisim =Bilangan mol Jisim molar]

[2 marks]
17 Table 17 shows four types of salts.
Jadual 17 menunjukkan empat jenis garam.
Sodium carbonate
Natrium karbonat
Zinc nitrate
Zink nitrat

Lead(II) chloride
Plumbum(II) klorida
Copper(II) sulphate
Kuprum(II) sulfat

Table / Jadual 17
With reference to the salts given above, answer the following question :
Dengan merujuk kepada garam-garam di atas, jawab soalan berikut :
(a)

Write the chemical formula of sodium carbonate.

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi natrium karbonat.
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b)

State the name the salt which is insoluble in water.

Nyatakan namakan garam yang tidak larut dalam air.
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

(c)

(i)

What is observed when zinc nitrate salt is heated.

Apakah yang diperhatikan apabila zink nitrat dipanaskan.
.........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii)

Write the chemical equation to represent the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk menunjukkan tindak balas itu.
.........................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(d)

State the type of reaction in the preparation of lead(II) chloride salt.

Nyatakan jenis tindak balas dalam penyediaan garam plumbum(II) klorida.
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(e)

State two uses of salt in daily life.

Nyatakan dua kegunaan garam dalam kehidupan harian.
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

18 The following are three examples of sulphate salts that can be prepared in the
laboratory.
Berikut adalah contoh-contoh garam sulfat yang boleh disediakan di dalam makmal.

Sodium sulphate, Na2SO4

Natrium sulfat, Na2SO4
Barium sulphate, BaSO4
Barium sulfat, BaSO4
Copper(II) sulphate, CuSO4
Kuprum(II) sulfat, CuSO4

(a)

From these examples, identify the soluble and insoluble salts.

Dari contoh-contoh tersebut, kenalpasti garam larut dan garam tak larut.
[2 marks]

(b)

State the reactants for the preparation of the insoluble salt in (a).
Nyatakan bahan-bahan tindak balas bagi penyediaan garam tak larut di (a).
[2 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

19 Diagram 19 shows the reactions involved in the preparation of soluble salts.

Rajah 19 menunjukkan tindak balas-tindak balas dalam penyediaan garam larut.
Sodium salts /
Garam natrium
Potassium salts /
Garam kalium
Ammonium salt /
Garam ammonium

Asid + alkali salt + water

Asid + alkali garam + air

Soluble salts / Garam larut

Reaction / Tindak balas X
Other salts /
Garam lain

Reaction / Tindak balas Y

Reaction / Tindak balas Z

Diagram / Rajah 19
(a)

Sodium, potassium and ammonium salts can be prepared using reaction between
acid and alkali. State the reaction X, Y and Z.
Garam natrium, kalium dan ammonium dapat disediakan melalui tindak balas
antara asid dan alkali. Nyatakan tindak balas X, Y dan Z.
[3 marks]

(b)

By choosing one of the reactions in (a) (i), suggest example of reactants used
and products formed.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction based on your suggestion.
Dengan memilih satu daripada tindak balas dalam (a) (i), cadangkan contoh
bahan- bahan tindak balas yang digunakan dan hasil-hasil tindak balas yang
terbentuk.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas berdasarkan cadangan anda itu.
[3 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

BAHAN BUATAN DALAM INDUSTRI
20 Diagram 20 shows the flow chart for the industrial manufacture of sulphuric acid.
Rajah 20 menunjukkan carta alir dalam industri pembuatan asid sulfurik.

SO2

Catalyst /
Mangkin X

Concentrated H2SO4 /
H2SO4 pekat

SO3

Sulphur / sulfur

Stage / Peringkat III

Oxygen /
oksigen

Stage / Peringkat I

Stage / Peringkat II

H2O

Stage/Peringkat IV

Oleum / Oleum

H2SO4

Diagram / Rajah 20
(a)

Name the process of manufacturing sulphuric acid.

Namakan proses pembuatan asid sulfurik.

[1 mark]

(b)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place at Stage II.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada Peringkat II.

[2 marks]

(c)

Name catalyst X in Stage II.

Namakan mangkin X dalam Peringkat II.

[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

(d)

Write the chemical formula of oleum.

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi oleum.

[1 mark]

(e)

State a uses of sulphuric acid.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan asid sulfurik.

[1 mark]

21

(a)

Diagram 21 shows an Industrial preparation of sulphuric acid by the Contact

Process.
Rajah 21 menunjukkan penyediaan secara Industri bagi asid sulfurik melalui
Proses Sentuh.

Diagram / Rajah 21
Write the chemical equation for the reaction in Stage I, II, III and IV.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas dalam Peringkat I, II, III dan IV.
[8 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

RATE OF REACTION
KADAR TINDAK BALAS
30

is carried out to investigate the rate of reaction of excess zinc with

Volume of22gas /An
cm3experiment
3
50
cm
of
hydrochloric
acid. The volume of gas collected at regular intervals is shown in
Isipadu gas / cm3
Diagram 22.
Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink berlebihan
dengan 50 cm3asid hidroklorik. Isipadu gas yang terkumpul pada sela masa yang
sama ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 22.

Time / min
Masa / min
1

Diagram / Rajah 22

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

(a)

State the meaning of the rate of reaction.

Nyatakan maksud kadar tindak balas.
......
[1 mark]

(b)

(c)

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in this experiment.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini.
...
[2 marks]
From the graph in Diagram 22, determine:
Daripada graf dalam Rajah 22, tentukan:
(i)

The concentration of hydrochloric acid used.

[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]
Kepekatan asid hidroklorik yang digunakan.
[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3pada keadaan bilik]

[3 marks]

(ii)

The average rate of reaction.

Kadar tindak balas purata.

[1 mark]
(d)

Based on collision theory, explain why does the rate of reaction decrease with
time.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

Berdasarkan teori perlanggaran, terangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas
berkurangan dengan masa.
..........
..........
..........
..........
[3 marks]

(e)

The experiment is repeated by using sulphuric acid with the same volume and
concentration as the hydrochloric acid.
Sketch an expected curve to be obtained on Diagram 22.
Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan asid sulfurik yang mempunyai
isipadu dan kepekatan yang sama dengan asid hidroklorik.
Lakarkan satu lengkungan yang dijangka dapat diperolehi pada Rajah 22.
[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah

END OF MODULE

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM