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    Philip II Combo

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    Philip II of Spain inherited vast Spanish territories from his father Charles V, including Spain itself, the Netherlands, and Spain's New World possessions. At its peak in the mid-1500s, Spain's global empire was the largest in the world, spanning Europe, the Americas, and the South Pacific. However, Philip's numerous foreign wars drained Spain's resources and economy. He relied heavily on silver from the Americas to finance his campaigns, leading to high inflation. By the end of Philip's rule in 1598, once-mighty Spain was in decline.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Philip II Combo

    Uploaded by

    api-262588001
    172 views4 pages
    Philip II of Spain inherited vast Spanish territories from his father Charles V, including Spain itself, the Netherlands, and Spain's New World possessions. At its peak in the mid-1500s, Spain's global empire was the largest in the world, spanning Europe, the Americas, and the South Pacific. However, Philip's numerous foreign wars drained Spain's resources and economy. He relied heavily on silver from the Americas to finance his campaigns, leading to high inflation. By the end of Philip's rule in 1598, once-mighty Spain was in decline.

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    Philip II of Spain inherited vast Spanish territories from his father Charles V, including Spain itself, the Netherlands, and Spain's New World possessions. At its peak in the mid-1500s, Spain's global empire was the largest in the world, spanning Europe, the Americas, and the South Pacific. However, Philip's numerous foreign wars drained Spain's resources and economy. He relied heavily on silver from the Americas to finance his campaigns, leading to high inflation. By the end of Philip's rule in 1598, once-mighty Spain was in decline.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    172 views4 pages

    Philip II Combo

    Uploaded by

    api-262588001
    Philip II of Spain inherited vast Spanish territories from his father Charles V, including Spain itself, the Netherlands, and Spain's New World possessions. At its peak in the mid-1500s, Spain's global empire was the largest in the world, spanning Europe, the Americas, and the South Pacific. However, Philip's numerous foreign wars drained Spain's resources and economy. He relied heavily on silver from the Americas to finance his campaigns, leading to high inflation. By the end of Philip's rule in 1598, once-mighty Spain was in decline.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    Philip II of Spain

    SLMS/11

    Some Background

    Philips Spain

    Philip II of Spain was the great-grandson of


    Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, and the son
    of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor.
    When Charles retired, he split his possessions, giving Philip Spain, the Netherlands
    and Spains New World possessions. Philip
    inherited Spain at the height of her power,
    but at the time of his death in 1598, Spain
    was in decline.
    Most of Spain was
    conquered by Muslim
    invaders in the 700s.
    Between 700 and the
    1400s, the remaining
    independent Christian kingdoms in Spain
    attempted to reconquer the peninsula (a
    movement known as the Reconquista).
    The Reconquista was completed by
    Ferdinand & Isabella on January 2, 1492,
    when they seized Granada. The duo then
    began to purify Spain using the Inquisition.
    Spain became a hostile place for any Jews
    or Muslims.

    Spain in the mid 1500s was the largest


    Empire in the world, spanning some two
    billion acres in Europe, the South Pacific,
    and the Americas.
    The Spanish Armada (navy) was considered
    the most modern and powerful
    fighting force in the world, and
    it was this Armada that
    protected Spanish interests.
    Culturally, Spain had survived
    the Protestant Reformation as
    one of the most fervently Catholic nations
    in Europe. Philip followed in the footsteps of
    his predecessors Ferdinand & Isabella
    through his use of the Inquisition, and he
    remained firmly committed to the
    eradication of Protestantism and the reestablishment of Catholicism no matter
    what the cost to his nation. The work of the
    Spanish inquisition during this era was
    infamous.
    Economically, Spain suffered. Philip
    inherited a Spain from his father that was
    in terrible debt, however, he made that debt
    worse by engaging in numerous foreign
    wars. Philip did little to strengthen the core
    of the economy, and he relied on huge
    shipments of silver from the Americas to
    finance his campaigns. This influx
    of silver created its own problems
    tremendous inflation.
    The era of Philip II, for all of its
    problems, is considered a Golden
    Age for Spain, particularly in the
    area of literature yielding such
    classics as Miguel Cervantes Don Quixote.
    This novel used the main character, Don
    Quixote, as a personification of Spain.

    Philips Legacy
    Philip remains a classic example of an
    Absolute Monarch. Under his rule, Spain
    reached the peak of its power.
    He fought wars to expand his
    power and territory, he ruled
    with total authority, and he built
    a huge palace, El Escorial.
    El Escorial is located outside of the capital,
    Madrid, and represents Philip better than
    anything else. Fortress-like, sparsely decorated and austere, El Escorial served as the
    seat of Philips government, but also as a
    school and a cloister for monks.

    Global History
    Philip II of Spain
    1. What was Philip IIs lineage?

    Name _____________________________________
    6. What was the cultural status of Spain under Philip?

    2. What was the Reconquista? Who completed it? On what date?


    7. What were some economic problems inherited AND created by Philip?

    3. How did Ferdinand & Isabella set out to


    purify Spain?

    8. Why is Philip II a classic example of an


    Absolute Monarch?
    4. What was the size & scope of the Spanish
    Empire in the mid 1500s?
    9. What is El Escorial?

    5. What was the status of Spains military


    under Philip II?

    10. How does El Escorial represent Philips


    personality?

    Philips Troubles

    SLMS/11

    Philips relationship with England

    The Magnificent Spanish Armada

    England played a role in the


    Protestant Reformation when
    Henry VIII broke with the Church
    so that he could divorce his first
    wife Catherine. Catherine was the
    great-aunt of Philip of Spain.
    Ironically, it was Catherine & Henrys
    daughter Mary who ascended the English
    throne in 1553. In 1554, the recently
    widowed Philip II made a great political
    marriage to Mary. Not only did this
    marriage unite two powerful European
    kingdoms, but it also allowed Philip to
    reintroduce Catholicism into England. The
    marriage was unpopular in both kingdoms,
    however.
    Mary, raised a Catholic and
    eager to impress her fervently
    Catholic husband, began to
    persecute Protestants in England,
    thus earning her (perhaps
    unfairly) the nickname Bloody Mary.
    Unfortunately for Mary, she was truly in
    love with her husband (rare for political
    marriages), and Philip was an absentee husband. He spent most of his time in Spain,
    while Mary remained in England. Over time,
    she wasted away with longing for Philip.
    Mary died, childless in 1558, and her sister
    Elizabeth came to the throne. Philip
    proposed marriage to Elizabeth, but she
    refused him.
    Elizabeth re-established Protestantism in
    England, and she took pains to needle Philip.
    She encouraged her sea captains to attack
    Spanish galleons and pirate their treasure.
    She also helped support the Dutch in their
    independence struggle against the Spanish.

    In 1571, the Spanish Armada (navy) scored


    a stunning victory over the Ottoman fleet,
    and prevented further Ottoman intrusion in
    the Mediterranean Sea. The Armada was
    considered the worlds finest navy.
    In 1588, Philip sent his mighty Armada to
    crush the English. The English fleet was
    much smaller (in terms of size of ship),
    badly outnumbered and outgunned.
    However, the English fleet was
    faster, and they used their
    speed to great advantage while
    the Armada was squeezed in
    the narrow English Channel.
    The English won a stunning victory over
    the Armada, which was ultimately
    destroyed by a terrible storm while
    rounding Scotland and Ireland.
    The battle marked the rise of England and
    the slow demise of Spanish power.
    The Spanish Economy
    The economy was gravely injured by the
    work of the Spanish inquisition. Many of
    the artisans and small businessmen that
    made up Spains middle class were Jews
    and Muslims. They were systematically
    driven from the country, leaving a gaping
    hole in Spains economic infrastructure.
    Spain could not fully take
    advantage of a mercantilist system
    because they did not have the
    manufacturing support.
    Additionally, Spains importation of
    huge quantities of silver from the
    Americas created a world-wide
    inflation felt as far away as China.

    Global History
    Philips Troubles

    Name _____________________________________

    1. How did Philip II have ties to the Protestant Reformation in England?

    7. What was the significance of the Spanish


    Armadas 1571 victory?

    2. Why was the marriage of Philip & Mary


    considered great, politically?

    8. Why (do you think) Philip sent his Armada


    to attack England in 1588?

    3. Why do you think it might have been unpopular in both countries?

    9. What were the advantages/disadvantages


    of the Armada vs. England?

    4. How did Queen Mary earn the nickname


    Bloody Mary?

    10. What was the result of the battle?

    11. Why did the work of the Spanish Inquisition have a negative effect on the Spanish
    5. Why did Mary waste away physically dur- economy?
    ing her rule?

    12. Why couldnt Spain develop mercantilism?


    6. How did Elizabeths ascension to the
    throne change Spains relationship with England?
    13. How did Spain impact the world economy?

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