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    23 Power and Energy

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    api-235269401

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    23 Power and Energy

    Uploaded by

    api-235269401
    23 views5 pages

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    23 power and energy

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    23 views5 pages

    23 Power and Energy

    Uploaded by

    api-235269401

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Electrical power

    It is the rate at which energy is converted in an


    electric circuit or appliance.

    The power dissipated in a device is equal to the
    product of the potential difference across the device
    and the current flowing through it i.e. P = VI

    Electrical power is measured in watts (W).

    Simple power calculation
    1
    Electrical power
    Written on the bulb is: 220 V & 100 W
    The 100 W indicates the electrical power
    of the globe.
    Power is the rate at which electrical work is done, or the
    rate at which energy is transferred to the bulb.
    Using the energy equations we can deduce the power
    equations:
    P =
    E
    t
    P = VI
    P = I
    2
    Rt
    P =
    V
    2
    R
    Most pieces of electrical equipment have the potential
    difference and the power required written on the back
    or underneath the apparatus.
    E = Pt
    2
    Electrical energy equations
    V
    Energy is transferred to the lamp & equals
    work done in moving charge against the
    resistance of the lamp filament.
    The potential difference is V, the current is
    I & Q charge passing through.
    Using the equations W = VQ, Q = It & V = IR
    We can deduce the energy equations:
    W = VIt
    W = I
    2
    Rt
    W =
    V
    2
    t
    R
    These equations can be use to
    determine the electrical energy
    transferred to an object in a
    given time interval.
    Power equations
    3
    Units of electrical energy
    As in the case of mechanical energy, electrical
    energy is also measured in joule.

    1joule = 1watt1second
    To heat 1,0 litre of water in a kettle from 15
    0
    C to
    100
    0
    C, requires 357 000 J of energy, if the kettle
    has a 2000 W element. This is a lot of energy!
    Calculate how long it would
    take the kettle to boil the
    water.
    Power rating for appliances
    4
    Usage & cost of electrical energy
    Energy is provided and measured in kilowatt
    hour (kWh). This refers to the use of 1 kilowatt
    (1000 watt) in 1 hour.

    If the cost of 1 kWh is known, you can find the
    cost to run a kettle or other piece of apparatus.
    Old style electrical meter.
    The cost of electricity
    is rising rapidly in
    South Africa and will
    continue to do so in
    the future!
    Measuring kWhrs
    5

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