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    6-Electrical Energy and Power

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    Lochan Chellan

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    6-Electrical Energy and Power

    Uploaded by

    Lochan Chellan
    3 views34 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views34 pages

    6-Electrical Energy and Power

    Uploaded by

    Lochan Chellan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    Electrical energy and electric

    power
    How does the energy get around?
    How does the energy get around?
    • Electric circuits transfer energy from a source of electrical energy such
    as the electrical cell or mains supply to the circuit components and
    then into the surrounding.
    Electrical power (P)
    The electrical power, P of a device is equal to the rate at which it
    transforms energy from electrical to some other form (such as
    heat).

    electrical power = energy transferred ÷ time

    electrical power is measured in watts (W)


    energy in joules (J)
    time in seconds (s)

    also:
    1 kilowatt (kW) = 1 000 watts
    1 megawatt (MW) = 1 000 000 watts
    Electrical power ratings
    These are always shown
    on an electrical device
    along with voltage and
    frequency requirements.
    Electrical power examples

    Device Power rating


    Torch 1W

    Energy efficient lamp 11 W

    Desktop computer 300 W

    Hairdryer 1 000 W or 1 kW

    Electric kettle 2 000 W or 2 kW

    Electric shower 5 kW
    Question 1
    Calculate the power of a light bulb that uses 1800
    joules of electrical energy in 90 seconds.

    electrical power = electrical energy


    time

    = 1800 J
    90 s

    electrical power = 20 watts


    Question 2
    Calculate the energy used in joules by a heater of power 3kW in
    1 hour.

    electrical power = electrical energy


    time
    becomes:
    electrical energy = power x time
    = 3 kW x 1 hour
    = 3000 W x 3600 seconds
    electrical energy used = 10 800 000 joules (or 10.8 MJ)
    Electrical power, P electric current, I
    and voltage V

    electrical power = current × voltage

    P=IxV

    electrical power is measured in watts (W)


    electric current in amperes (A)
    voltage in volts (V)
    Question 1
    Calculate the power of a 230V television that draws a
    current of 2.5A.

    electrical power = current × voltage

    = 2.5A x 230V

    power = 575W
    Question 2
    Calculate the current drawn by a kettle of power 2kW
    when connected to the mains 230V power supply.
    P=IxV
    becomes:
    I=P÷V
    = 2kW ÷ 230V
    = 2000W ÷ 230V
    electric current = 8.7A
    Electrical energy E

    E=IxVxt

    electrical energy (E ) is measured in joules (J)


    electric current (I ) in amperes (A)
    voltage (V ) in volts (V)
    time (t ) in seconds (s)
    Question 1
    Calculate the energy used in joules by a 12V car starter
    motor when drawing a current of 80A for 3 seconds.
    E=IxVxt
    = 80A x 12V x 3s
    electrical energy used = 2 880J
    Question 2
    Calculate the energy used in joules by a hairdryer of
    power 1kW in 1 hour.
    E=IxVxt
    but electrical power P = I x V
    and so: E = P x t
    = 1 kW x 1 hour
    = 1000 W x 3 600 seconds
    electrical energy used = 3 600 000 joules (or 3.6 MJ)
    Power dissipated in resistor
    Paying for electricity
    An electricity meter is used
    to measure the usage of
    electrical energy.

    The meter measures in


    kilowatt-hours (kWh)

    A kilowatt-hour is the
    electrical energy used by a
    device of power one
    kilowatt in one hour.
    Calculating cost
    1 . Calculate kilowatt-hours used from:
    kilowatt-hours = kilowatts x hours

    2 . Calculate cost using:


    cost in cents = kilowatt-hours x cost per kWh

    Electricity currently costs about 28 cents per kWh


    Question 1
    Calculate the cost of using an electric heater of power
    2kW for 5 hours if each kWh costs 28 cents.

    kilowatt-hours = kilowatts x hours


    = 2kW x 5 hours
    = 10 kWh
    cost in cents = kilowatt-hours x cost per kWh
    = 10 kWh x 28 cents
    = 280 cents
    cost of using the heater = $ 2.80
    Question 2
    Calculate the cost of using a mobile phone charger
    power 10W for 6 hours if each kWh costs 28 cents.

    kilowatt-hours = kilowatts x hours


    = 10W x 6 hours
    = 0.01 kW x 6 hours
    = 0.06 kWh
    cost in cents = kilowatt-hours x cost per kWh
    = 0.06 kWh x 28 cents
    cost of using the heater = 1.68 cents
    Electricity bill
    Calculate the cost of the electricity that you use
    over a three month period (90 days), 4 hours each
    day.
    Typical power values:
    energy efficient light bulb – 15 W
    desk-top computer – 300 W
    hairdryer – 2 kW
    television – 100 W
    charger – 10 W

    Example: light bulb used for 4 hours per day:


    kWh = (0.015 x 4 x 90) = 5.4 kWh; cost = 5.4 x 28 cents =151.2 cents or $ 1.51
    Electricity bill
    Calculate the cost of the electricity that you use
    over a three month period (90 days).
    Typical power values:
    energy efficient light bulb – 15 W
    desk-top computer – 300 W
    hairdryer – 2 kW
    television – 100 W
    charger – 10 W

    $8.73

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