Mathematics GR 12

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Negative angles Periodicity Identities Cofunction Identities

sin () = sin sin

360

= sin sin

90

= cos
cos () = cos cos

360

= cos cos

90

= sin
tan () = tan tan

180

= tan sin

90

= cos
cos

90

= sin
B
A
C
b
a
c
Area Rule Sine Rule Cosine Rule
Area =
1
2
bc sin

A
sin

A
a
=
sin

B
b
=
sin

C
c
a
2
= b
2
+c
2
2bc cos

A
Area =
1
2
ab sin

C a sin

B = b sin

A b
2
= a
2
+c
2
2ac cos

B
Area =
1
2
ac sin

B b sin C = c sin

B c
2
= a
2
+b
2
2ab cos

C
a sin C = c sin

A
Compound Angle Identities Double Angle Identities
sin ( +) = sin cos + cos sin sin (2) = 2 sin cos
sin ( ) = sin cos cos sin cos (2) = cos
2
sin
2

cos ( +) = cos cos sin sin cos (2) = 1 2sin


2

cos ( ) = cos cos + sin sin cos (2) = 2cos


2
1
tan (2) =
sin 2
cos 2
See video: 28N2 at www.everythingmaths.co.za
Exercise 4 7: End of chapter exercises
1. Determine the following without using a calculator:
a) cos 15

b) cos 75

c) tan 75

d) cos 3

cos 42

sin 3

sin 42

e) 1 2sin
2
(22,5

)
2. Given cos = 0,7. Using a diagram, nd cos 2 and cos 4.
3. Given 7 sin = 3 for > 90

.
Determine the following (leave answers in surd form):
a) cos 2
b) tan 2
172
4.6. Summary

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