Positive Law

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Positive law

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Positive law (Latin: ius positum) is the term generally used to describe human-made laws that
oblige or specify an action. It also describes the establishment of specific rights for an individual or
group. Etymologically, the name derives from the verb to posit.
The concept of positive law is distinct from "natural law", which comprises inherent rights, conferred
not by act of legislation but by "God, nature or reason."
[1]
Positive law is also described as the law
that applies at a certain time (present or past) at a certain place, consisting of statutory law,
and case law as far as it is binding. More specifically, positive law may be characterized as "law
actually and specifically enacted or adopted by proper authority for the government of an organized
jural society."
[2]

Contents
[hide]
1 lex humana versus lex posita
2 Legal positivism
3 See also
4 References
o 4.1 What supports what
o 4.2 Sources used
lex humana versus lex posita[edit]
See also: man-made law lex humana versus lex posita
Thomas Aquinas himself conflated man-made law (lex humana) and positive law (lex posita or ius
positivum).
[3][4][5]
However, there is a subtle distinction between them. Whereas human-made law
regards law from the position of its origins (i.e. who it was that posited it), positive law regards law
from the position of its legitimacy. Positive law is law by the will of whomever made it, and thus there
can equally be divine positive law as there is man-made positive law. (More literally translated, lex
posita is posited rather than positive law.)
[3]
In the Summa contra Gentiles Thomas himself writes of
divine positive law where he says "si autem lex sit divinitus posita, auctoritate divina dispensatio fieri
potest." (SCG, lb. 3 cap. 125)
[3]
Latin-English translation: "If, however, the law has been divinely
placed, it can be done by divine authority."
[6]
Martin Luther also acknowledged the idea of divine
positive law, as did Juan de Torquemada.
[7]

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