/fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfxsf]

;\lIfKt kl/ro tyf k|ult

g]kfn ;/sf/

/fli6o of]hgf cfof]u

d\l;/, @)&)

/fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfxsf]

;\lIfKt kl/ro tyf k|ult

g]kfn ;/sf/
/fli6o of]hgf cfof]u
cg'udg tyf d"Nofg dxfzfvf
d\l;/, @)&)
1

k|sfzs

M g]kfn ;/sf/
/fli6o of]hgf cfof]u
cg'udg tyf d"Nofg dxfzfvf
k|sfzg k|lt M @)))
k|sfzg ldlt M d\l;/, @)&)
d'b|0f
M ;f]kfg k|]; k|f=ln=
l8NnLahf/, sf7df8f}+, kmf]gM $$$@@)^
2

xfd|f] egfO
cfjlws ljsf; of]hgfsf nIox? xfl;n ug{ ;3fp k'ofpg]
p2]Zon] rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&)&! df g]kfn ;/sf/n] @! Jf6f
cfof]hgfnfO{ /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf kdf juL{s/0f u/]sf]
5 . /fli6o uf}/jsf oL cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo, ;dofjlw, nfut
cg'dfg, cjl:ylt h:tf ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg] p2]Zon] tL]
cfof]hgfxsf] cBfjlws sfof{Gjog k|ultsf] l:ylt ;dLIff
kf/bzL{kdf k|:t't ug{ /fli6o of]hgf cfof]un] of] k'l:tsf k|sfzg
u/]sf]] 5 . o; k|sfzgn] /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfxsf] sfof{Gjog
l:yltaf/] yk hfgsf/L k|bfg ug]{ dfq geO{ tL cfof]hgfx?sf] k|efj
/ cf}lrTo klg k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
of] k|sfzgn] oL /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf yk
hfgsf/L k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} ljsf;df rf;f] /fVg] w]/}sf] lh1f;f
d]6fpg klg ;xof]u k'ofpg] d}+n] cfzf lnPsf] 5' .
of] k'l:tsf tof/Ldf ;+nUg ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
d\l;/, @)&)

8f= /jLGb|s'df/ zfSo

pkfWoIf
/fli6o of]hgf cfof]u

ljifo;"rL
!=
@=
#=
$=
$=!=
$=@=
$=#=
$=$=
$=%=
$=^=
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$=*=
$=(=
$=!)=
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$=!#=
$=!$=
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$=!^=
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k[i7e"ld
cfof]hgfsf] k|fyldsLs/0f / /fli6o
uf}/jsf cfof]hgf
/fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] ;du| l:ylt
/fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfxsf] kl/ro tyf
k|ult l:ylt
l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgf
aaO{ l;FrfO cfof]hgf
/fgLhd/f s'nl/of l;FrfO cfof]hgf
e]/L aaO{ 8fOe;{g
dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
a"9Lu08sL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
klZrd ;]tL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
e}/xjf ljdfg:ynnfO{ If]qLo ljdfg:yndf
ljsl;t ug]{
kf]v/f ljdfg:ynnfO{ If]qLo ljdfg:yndf
ljsl;t ug]{
bf];|f] cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn, af/f
kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]if
n'lDagL If]q ljsf; sf]if
dWo kxf8L -k'iknfn_ nf]sdfu{
k"j{ klZrd /]ndfu{
x'nfsLdfu{
pQ/ blIf0f -sf]zL_ nf]sdfu{
pQ/ blIf0f -sfnLu08sL sl/8f]/_
nf]sdfu{
5

!
!@
@#
#
#$
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pQ/ blIf0f -s0ff{nL_ nf]sdfu{

sf7df8f+} t/fO{dw]z b|"tdfu{
d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf
/fi6klt r'/] ;+/If0f sfo{qmd
lgisif{
;du| k|ult ;dLIff
;Gbe{;"rL

!%
!%
!^!&
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!*!(
@)@$
@%

!= k[i7e"ldM
g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjlws ljsf; of]hgfsf nIox xfl;n
ug]{ p2]Zon] ;~rflnt ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdxsf]
k|fyldstfqmd tf]Sg] sfo{nfO{ ;+:yfut u/]sf] 5 . gjf}+ of]hgfb]lv g}
ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdxnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf k|fKt -Core
Projects_ jf k|fyldstf k|fKt -Priority Projects_ cfof]hgfsf kdf
k|fyldsLs/0f u/L ;fwg ljlgof]hgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] sfo{ k|f/De
ul/Psf] lyof] . o;nfO{ To;kl5sf cfjlws of]hgfxn] klg
s'g} g s'g} kdf lg/Gt/tf lbPsf 5g\ . o;}qmddf g]kfn
;/sf/n] cf=j= @)^*^( b]lv k|yd k|fyldstfsf !&
j6f / cf=j= @)&).&! sf] ah]6 jQmJodfkm{t cGo $
;d]t yk u/L @! Jf6f cfof]hgfnfO{ /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf
kdf juL{s/0f u/]sf] 5 . /fli6o uf}/jsf oL cfof]hgfxsf]
p2]Zo, ;dofjlw, nfut cg'dfg, cjl:ylt h:tf ljifoxdf
;\lIfKt kl/ro lbg] / ltgLxsf] cBfjlws sfof{Gjog
k|ult l:yltsf] ;dLIff kf/bzL{kdf k|:t't ug]{ p2]Zon]
/fli6o of]hgf cfof]un] of] k'l:tsf k|sfzg u/]sf]] 5 .

@= cfof]hgfsf] k|fyldsLs/0f / /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf

Gf]kfndf cfly{s ;fwgsf] ljlgof]hg bIftf -Allocative
Efciency_ / ljz]if dxTjsf cfof]hgfxnfO{ ;fwg lglZrttf -Ringfencing_ sf nflu cfof]hgfsf] k|fyldsLs/0fnfO{ cfwf/sf kdf
lnOPsf] 5 . ;Lldt ;|f]tnfO{ of]hgfsf] nIo;Fu k|ToIf cfa4 u/fO{
ljsf; Joj:yfkgnfO{ glthfd'vL agfpg cfof]hgf k|fyldsLs/0fsf]
dxTj /xG5 . oxL dxTjnfO{ b[li6ut u/L bzf}+ of]hgfsf]
k|f/Deb]lv nfu" ul/Psf] dWosfnLg vr{ ;+/rgf -Medium Term
Expenditure Framework- MTEF_ sf] Ps k|d'v ljz]iftfsf kdf
cfof]hgf k|fyldsLs/0f -Project Prioritization_ nfO{ yk ;+:yfut
ug{ yflnPsf] xf] .
o; cg'?k cfjlws of]hgfsf p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ k'ofpg]
1

of]ubfgsf cfwf/df lglZrt cfwf/x k|of]u u/L s'g} cfly{s

jif{sf] jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmddf k|j]z kfpg] cfof]hgfxnfO{ k|yd
k|fyldstf k|fKt -lk !_, bf];|f] k|fyldstf k|fKt -lk @_ / t];|f]
k|fyldstf k|fKt -lk #_ df juL{s/0f u/L ;fwg ljlgof]hg ug]{
kl/kfl6 a;fOPsf] lyof] . o;nfO{ To;kl5sf cfjlws of]hgfxn] klg
lg/Gt/tf lbP . xfn dWofalw vr{ ;+/rgfdf cfof]hgfxsf]
k|fyldsLs/0f ug{sf nflu oL cfwf/x /x]sf 5g . !_
ul/af]Gd'v / km/flsnf] cfly{s j[l4nfO{ k'ofpg] of]ubfg
@_ zflGt k|j4{gdf k'ofpg] of]ubfg #_;x;|fAbL ljsf;
nIodf k'ofpg] of]ubfg $_ ;dfj]zLs/0f tyf n}lsLs/0fdf
k'ofpg] of]ubfg %_ pTkfbgd"ns /f]huf/Ldf k'ofpg]
of]ubfg ^_;xeflutf &_ ef}lts k'FhL lgdf{0fdf k'ofpg]
of]ubfg *_ jftfj/0fLo lbuf]kgfdf k'ofpg] of]ubfg .
xfn /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx -Projects of National Pride_
lgwf{/0f u/L ;fwg ljlgof]hgdf k|fyldstf / ;3g cg'udgsf]
Joj:yf dfkm{t sfof{Gjogdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg ul/Psf]
k|of;nfO{ o;}sf] lg/Gt/tfsf kdf lng ;lsG5 . dWofjlw vr{
;+/rgfdf em} ljleGg cfwf/x tf]sL tbg'?k Jojl:yt kdf /fli6o
uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx 5gf}6 jf lgwf{/0f ug{ afFsL g} /x] klg nufgL
tyf k|ltkmnsf] :t/ / /fli6o b[li6n] lgs}] dxTjk"0f{ b]lvPsf
cfof]hgfxnfO{ /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf kdf tf]Sg] u/]sf]]
5 . oL ;a} cfof]hgf cfjlws of]hgfn] /fli6o k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf
ljifo If]q;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf] tYon] klg o;nfO{ k'li6 ub{5 . oL
cfof]hgfxsf] k|ult / logLxn] em]Ng'k/]sf ;d:ofxsf ;DaGwdf
/fli6o ljsf; ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlt -National Development
Action Committee- NDAC_ sf] a}7sdf ljz]if 5nkmn ug]{ Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 . oL cfof]hgfxsf] sfof{GjognfO{ glthfd'vL u/fpg
;DalGwt dGqfnon] ;Da4 cfof]hgf k|d'vx;Fu sfo{ ;Dkfbg
s/f/ -Performance Contract_ u/fpg] Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . o;
sfo{sf] lgoldt ;dGjo, k|ltj]bg k|flKt tyf ;dLIff / k|zf;lgs
2

;'k/Lj]If0f k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{noaf6 klg x'g]

u/]sf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm oL cfof]hgfsf] nflu jflif{s ljsf;
sfo{qmddf ax'jifL{o vl/b of]hgfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f ;lxt /fli6o
of]hgf cfof]un] sfo{qmd :jLs[t ug]{ u/]sfn] cfof]hgfsf] ;du|
Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u k'Ug] l:ylt /x]sf] 5 .
ctM /fi6sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf
lgjf{xf ug{ ;Sg] b]lvPsf cfof]hgfnfO{ ;/sf/n] clt pRRf
k|fyldstfdf /fvL ;fwg ljlgof]hgdf k|fyldstf, sfof{Gjogdf
cfOk/]sf jf cfpg;Sg] b]lvPsf ;d:ofx ;dod} klxrfg tyf
;dfwfg / cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgnfO{ glthfk|lt hjfkmb]xL u/fpg]
c;n cEof; -Best Practice_ sf kdf o; k|lqmofnfO{ lnOg' pko'Qm
x'g] b]lvG5 .

#= /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] ;du| l:ylt

ut cfly{s jif{{ @)^(.&) df s'n $%! cfof]hgfx ;~rflnt
lyP . oL cfof]hgfxdWo] k|yd k|fyldstf k|fKt -lk !_ cGtu{t
@*@ -^@=% k|ltzt_, bf];|f] k|fyldstf k|fKt -lk @_ cGtu{t !#*
-#)=% k|ltzt_ / t];|f] k|fyldstf k|fKt -lk #_ df#! cfof]hgfx
-& k|ltzt_ /x]sf lyP . k|yd k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgfx -@*@_
dWo] klg !& cfof]hgf -^ k|ltzt_ /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf lyP .
/fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx s'n cfof]hgf ;\Vof -$%!_ sf] #=&^
k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . o;}u/L ut cf=j= @)^(.&) df ljlgof]lht s'n
ljsf; ah]6 ?= $)$*@)))) xhf/sf]] sl/a #=!* k|ltzt cyf{t\
?= !@*^@^@! xhf/ /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfxdf ljlgof]hg ePsf]
lyof] .
o;}u/L Rffn' cfly{s jif{{ @)&).&! df s'n $%%
cfof]hgfx ;~rflnt 5g\ . oL cfof]hgfxdWo] k|yd k|fyldstf
k|fKt -lk !_ cGtu{t #)# -^^=^ k|ltzt_, bf];|f] k|fyldstf
k|fKt -lk @_ cGtu{t !@( -@*=#% k|ltzt_ / t];|f] k|fyldstf
k|fKt -lk #_ df @# cfof]hgfx -% k|ltzt_ /x]sf 5g\ . k|yd
3

k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgfx -#)#_ dWo] klg @! cfof]hgf -^=(

k|ltzt_ /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx /x]sf 5g\ . /fli6o uf}/jsf
cfof]hgfx s'n cfof]hgf ;\Vof -$%%_ sf] $=^ k|ltzt x'g
cfpF5 . o;}u/L rfn' cf=j=@)&).&! df ljlgof]lht s'n ljsf;
ah]6 ?= @,$!,%&,%),$! xhf/sf] sl/j &=@$ k|ltzt cyf{t\
?= !&%!@&() xhf/ /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfxdf ljlgof]lht
ePsf] kfOG5 . /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] ;du| l:ylt lgDgfg';f/
/x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+!

/sd ? xhf/df
qm=;=

!=

s'n cfof]hgf ;+Vof

$%%

/fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf ;+Vof

@! -$=^

lk=! cfof]hgf ;+Vof

#)# -^^=^ _

lk=@ cfof]hgf ;+Vof

!@( -@*=#% _

lk=# cfof]hgf ;+Vof

@# -% _

cf=j= @)&)&! sf] s"n ljsf;

@,$!,%&,%),$!
ah]6 ?
/fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] ljlgof] !&%!@&() -&=@$ _
lht ah]6 ?

$= /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfxsf] kl/ro tyf k|ult l:yltM

$=! l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgf

s[lifof]Uo e"lddf jif{}{e/L l;FrfO ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon]

;~rflnt of] cfof]hgf afFs] lhNnfdf cjl:yt 5 . o; cfof]hgfaf6
pQm lhNnfdf $# j6f uf=lj=;= / g]kfnu~h gu/kflnsf;d]t u/L]
$@,&^^ x]S6/ s[lifof]Uo e"lddf l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'Ug] b]lvG5 . o;
4

cfof]hgf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfkm\g} ;|f]taf6 ;~rfng e}/x]sf] 5 .

cfof]hgfsf] ;'?nfut cg'dfg ?= !@ ca{ *) s/f]8 !& nfv #( xhf/
/x]sf]df xfn ;+zf]lwt nfut cg'dfg ?= !% ca{, &# s/f]8 @% nfv
($ xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)^!)^@ df ;'? eO{ @)&$&% df ;DkGg
x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] o; cfof]hgfsf cBfjlws d'Vo pknlAwxdf u]6
afx]s x]8js{;\ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf], / u]6nufot xfO8f]d]sflgsn
sfo{ u/fpgsf nflu cGt/f{li6o 7]s]bf/;Fu 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf]
5 . o;}u/L ;'?sf] d"n gx/sf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g'sf ;fy}
gx/ lgdf{0f sfo{ &) k|ltzt ;DkGg e};s]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)^(&) df
cfof]hgfsf] ef}lts k|ult %&=#$ k|ltzt / ljQLo k|ult %)=@$
k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t l:ylt ljj/0f cg';"rLdf
/flvPsf] 5 .
cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/ cf=j=@)^(&) sf] ;'?df
kof{Kt ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'g g;s]sf], gx/ lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos
hUuf clwu|x0f ug{ ;d:of k/]sf], lgdf{0f ;fdu|L jf]N8/sf] cefjn]
k|ultdf afwf kg]{ u/]sf] / k6s k6ssf] oftfoft aGb tyf :yfgLo
;d'bfon] aGb cfXjfg ug]{ u/]sf h:tf ;d:of /x]sf lyP . oL
;d:ofxsf] ;dfwfgsf qmddf hUuf clwu|x0fdf k/]sf] ;d:of
;dfwfgfy{ k|lhc tyf dWoklZrdf~rn If]qLo k|zf;snfO{ k6s
k6s cg'/f]w ul/Psf] / cfof]hgfsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ jf]N8/ afFs]
/fli6o lgs'~haf6 lgsfNg kqfrf/ ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
$=@= aaO{ l;FrfO cfof]hgf

alb{of lhNnfdf cjl:yt o; cfof]hgfaf6 e]/L aaO{ gbLsf]

k"j{tkm{ !(,))) x]S6/ / klZrddf @!,))) x]S6/ hldgdf l;FrfO
;'ljwf k'ofpg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . of] cfof]hgf klg g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
cfkm\g} ;|f]taf6 ;~rfng e}/x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] s'nnfut ?=# ca{
&& s/f]8 !) nfv *^ xhf/ / hg;xeflutftkm{ (* nfv #) xhf/
/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ?= # ca{ &^ s/f]8 !@ nfv %^ xhf/ /xg]
cg'dfg /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)$%$^ df ;'?ePsf] of] l;FrfO cfof]hgf
5

cf=j= @)&!&@ df ;DkGg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf]

cBfjlws k|ult ;Gtf]ifhgs g} /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 xfn;Dd !#,^*)
x]S6/ hldgdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf pknAw e};s]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)^&&)
df cfof]hgfsf] ef}lts k|ult %%=#^ k|ltzt / ljQLo k|ult &%=*!
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . sfof{Gjog qmddf s'g} uDeL/ ;d:of g/x]sf]
a'lemPsf] o; cfof]hgfsf nflu cf=j=@)&)&! df s'n ?= $% s/f]8
ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
$=#= /fgLhd/f s'nl/of l;FrfO cfof]hgf

s}nfnL lhNnfsf] 6Lsfk'/df cjl:yt of] cfof]hgfn]

k/fk"j{ sfnb]lv ;~rflnt /fgL, hd/f / s'nl/of l;FrfO k|0ffnLsf]
k'glgdf{0fsf ;fy} l;lrt If]q lj:tf/ ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . o;n]
s}nfnL lhNnfsf] * uf=lj=;= / Ps gu/kflnsfsf] sl/a @),#))
x]S6/ hldgdf Jojl:yt l;FrfOsf] lj:tf/ ug]{ cg'dfg ul/Psf]
5 . cf=j= @)^$^% df ;'? ePsf] of] cfof]hgf cf=j= @)&$&% df
;DkGg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
;|f]taf6 ?= & ca{ & s/f]8 (( nfv, j}b]lzs C0faf6 ?= # ca
! s/f]8 @& nfv () xhf/ / s'n * s/f]8 a/fa/ hg;xeflutf
kl/rfng x'g] cg'dfg /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)^(.&) cGTo;Dddf *%
k|ltzt OG6]s lgdf{0f eO{ ;s]sf] o; cfof]hgfsf] d'n gx/sf] ?v
s6fg sfo{ &) k|ltzt tyf gx/ lgdf{0f !) k|ltzt ;DkGg x'g'sf
;fy} l;+lrt If]q arfp sfo{ tyf ;+/If0fcGtu{t () k|ltzt sfo{
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm cfof]hgf sfof{no / @ j6f Sjf6/
lgdf{0f sfo{ klg ePsf 5g\ . cfof]hgfsf] cf=j= @)^(&) ;Ddsf]
ef}lts k|ult %%=#^ k|ltzt / ljQLo k|ult &%=*! k|ltzt /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] l:ylt ljj/0f cg';"rLdf /flvPsf] 5 .
cf=j= @)&).&! df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ?=! ca{, @%
s/f]8, !( nfv !( xhf/ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf] o; cfof]hgfdf
sfof{GjognfO{ uDeL/ c;/ ug]{ ;d:ofx g/x]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 .
6

$=$= e]/L aaO{ 8fOe;{g

pmhf{, l;FrfO, ;x/L ljsf; / hnfwf/ ;+/If0fnfO{ Ps;fy

of]ubfg lbg] p2]Zon] sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] o; e]/L aaO{ 8fOe;{g
ax'2]ZoLo cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog :yn ;'v]{t, alb{of / afFs] lhNnf
/x]sf 5g\ . o; cfof]hgfaf6 alb{of / afFs] lhNnfsf] %!,))) x]S6/
e"lddf l;FrfO ;'ljwf lj:tf/ u/L s[lif pTkfbgsf] j[l4 ug]{ ck]Iff
/flvPsf] 5 . o;}u/L s[ifssf] cfodf j[l4 tyf l;l~rt
If]qaf6 k|ltx]S6/ k|ltjif{ &@ >d lbg a/fa/ /f]huf/L l;h{gf eO{
ul/aL lgjf/0fdf 6]jf k'ofpg]5 . o;sf cltl/Qm dWo klZrdf~rn
ljsf; If]qdf vfBfGg ;\s6sf] ;dfwfgdf d2t k'ofpg]/ pTkflbt
pmhf{sf] vkt u/L cfly{s ljsf;df ;xof]u k'ofpg] nIo ;d]t
o;df /flvPsf] b]lvG5 . cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfutdf g]kfn ;/sf/
af6 ? !^ ca{$# s/f]8 #) nfvsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . cf=j=
@)^(.&) o; cfof]hgfsf] ef}lts k|ult % k|ltzt / ljQLo k|ult
)=#! k|ltzt k|ult ePsf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] l:ylt ljj/0f
cg';"rLdf k|:t't 5 . lg/fzfhgs ef}lts tyf ljQLo k|ult eP klg
o; cfof]hgfn] s] s:tf ;d:ofx em]Ng'kl//x]sf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L
pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g .

$=%= dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf

cf=j= @)&@&# leq $%^ d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf] hnljB't\ pTkfbg

ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] o; cfof]hgf bf]nvf lhNnfdf cjl:yt 5 .
o; cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfutdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]t tkm{af6 $ ca{
&) s/f]8 $! Nffv, cfGtl/s C0ftkm{ ?=@) ca{ / z]o/ nufgLdf
?= !) ca{ %( s/f]8 /xg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . @)^& >fj0fdf ;'?
eO{ cf=j= @)&@.&# df ;DkGg x'g] cg'dfg /x]sf] o; cfof]hgfsf]
cf=j= @)^(&) c;f/;Ddsf] ef}lts k|ult %)=! k|ltzt / ljQLo
k|ult #&=@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/
!^ ls=ld= 6g]n lgdff{0f ug'{kg]{df !!=# ls=ld tof/ eO;s]sf] 5 .
e"ldut ljB't\u[x / 6fG;kmd{/ Sofeg{xsf] l;lnsf]
s]xL If]qdf sdhf]/ rfgsf] sf/0f o;cl3 g} ;lsPsf] ;+/rgfdf
Cracks cfPsf] tyf d'Vo ;'?sf] rf/j6f Work Front xdWo]
b'O{j6f, HT3 / HT4, aLrsf] v08 58\s] /x]sf]df -*=##
:nf]kdf_ HT4 If]qdf sdhf]/ r6\6fg cfO{ ;d:of b]lvPsf]
cfof]hgfn] hgfPsf] 5 . oL ;jfnxsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu e"ldut
ljB't\u[x / 6fG:fkmd{/ Sofeg{xsf] l;ln Cracks xnfO{ ;'wf/
ug]{ sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . SINTEF n] u/]sf] k/LIf0fsf cfwf/df
8

k/fdz{bftfn] d'Vo ;'?sf] :nf]ksf] kl/jt{g ug{ cfof]hgfnfO{ l;kmfl/;

u/]sf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]taf6
?= @ ca{ ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
$=^= a'9Lu08sL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf

cfufdL * jif{df ^)) d]ufjf6 hnljB't pTkfbg u/L ljB'tLo

pmhf{ cfk"lt{ ug]{ cg'dfg /x]sf] o; cfof]hgf wflb lhNnfdf
cjl:yt 5 . o; cfof]hgfaf6 ^)) d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbgsf
nflu ;DefJotf cWoog, l8hfOg, l/kf]6 / ljl8 8s'd]G6 tof/
ug]{ sfddf Ps k|m]Gr sDkgL -M/S TRACTEBEL Engineering S.A.
France) ;+nUg /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)^(&) df ;'? eO{ cf=j=
@)&&&* df ;DkGg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] o; cfof]hgfdf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] ?= @ va{ vr{ x'g] cg'dfg /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf]
k/fdz{bftfn] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfg';f/ sfo{ ;'?u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfaf6
k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/ cf=j= @)&)&! sf] ljlgof]lht ah]6 a'9Lu08sL
hnljB't\ cfof]hgf ljsf; ;ldltdf x:tfGt/0f ug{ cfjZos
k/]sfn] ;f] sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 .
$=&= klZrd ;]tL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf

cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog If]q 8f]6L, 88]nw'/f, a}t8L / aemfdf

/x]sf] o; cfof]hgfaf6 &%) d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 . lrlgofF sDkgL y|L uh]{hn] ;g\ @)!# h'nfO{ ;Dddf
;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg a'emfpg] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df xfn;Dd
ga'emfPsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog
g} ;DkGg eOg;s]sfn] o;sf] ef}lts tyf ljQLo k|ult k|fKt x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . o; cfof]hgf k|fljlws tyf cfly{s kdf ;DefJo
b]lvPsf] eP klg nufgLstf{n] hUuf k|flKt, k|;f/0f nfOg /
k'gjf{;;DaGwL ;d:of cf}NofPsf 5g\ . oL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu
o; cfof]hgfdf rLgsf] y|L uh]{h sDkgLn] nufgL ug]{ u/L nufgL
af]8{ dfkm{t sfd e}/x]sf] 5 .

$=*= e}/xjf ljdfg:ynnfO{ If]qLo ljdfg:yndf ljsl;t ug]{

?kGb]xL lhNnfdf cjl:yt uf}tda'4 ljdfg:ynnfO{ If]qLo

cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynsf] kdf :t/f]Gglt ug]{ / d'n'sdf csf]{
j}slNks cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn ljsf; u/L lbuf] ko{6g ljsf;
ug]{ cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfof]hgf cf=j= @)^*^( df ;'?eO{
cf=j= @)&%&^ df ;DkGg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] s'n
nfut g]kfn ;/sf/, :yfgLo ;f]t, cfGtl/s tyf afXo C0faf6
a]xf]g]{ u/L ((=%( ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ /xg]5 . cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt
hfgsf/L cg';f/ 6]G8/ k|lqmofdf hfg ;lsPsf] 5}g . Pl;ofnL
ljsf; a}sn] ;'?cg'dfg ubf{sf] nfuteGbf lj:t[t l8hfOg ubf{
sl/a bf]Aa/ h:tf] a9\g uPsfn] l8hfOg ;DkGg eP klg 6]08/
k|lqmofdf hfg ;lsPsf] 5}g . oL ;jfnsf nflu gk'u /sddf
g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0faf6 !! ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ yk
;|f]t h'6fpg cy{ dGqfnonfO{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 . o;sf
nflu cy{ dGqfnoaf6 Pl;ofnL ljsf; a+}snfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf]df pQm
a}+sn] #) ldlnog 8n/ yk ;|f]t h'6fOlbg] / afFsL !@ ldlnog
cfGtl/s ;|f]tjf6 Joj:yf ug{ cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn gful/s
10

p8\8og k|flws/0fn] gk'u yk !@ ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ yk u/L

/f]lsPsf] sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . oL ljljw sf/0fn]
ubf{ of] cfof]hgfsf] sfo{ ;~rfngdf sl7gfO cfO{ ef}lts k|ult /
ljQLo k|ult x'g g;s]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t
ljj/0f cg';"rLdf /flvPsf] 5 .
$=(= kf]v/f ljdfg:ynnfO{ If]qLo ljdfg:yndf ljsl;t ug]{

o; cfof]hgfaf6 sf:sL lhNnfl:yt kf]v/f ljdfg:ynnfO{

If]qLo cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynsf] kdf :t/f]Gglt ug]{ / d'n'sdf
If]qLo cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn ljsf; u/L lbuf] ko{6g ljsf;
ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgf ;g\ @)!! df ;'? eO{ ;g @)!%
df ;DkGg x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf nflu lrlgofF
;/sf/;Fu ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f k|fKt ug]{ / 7]s]bf/ 5gf}6sf] k|lqmof
cl3 a9fpg g]kfn ;/sf/ -d=k=_sf] ldlt @)^(!!$ sf] lg0f{o
g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0faf6 sfof{Gjog e}/x]sf] hgfOPsf]
5 . hUuf clwu|x0fsf] nflu rfn' cf=j= @)&)&! df ?= ! ca{
ljlgof]hg e} sfo{ cl3 a9]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . ef}lts / ljQLo k|ult
eg] x'g ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . o; cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/
g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fn] tof/ u/]sf] nfut cg'dfg /
k|f/lDes cg'dfgaLr cGt/ ePsf] 5 . kfgL lgsf;sf] 9n lgdf{0f
ul/g] hUufsf] nut sf u/L g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fsf]
gfddf cfpg afFsL /x]sf]n] 9n lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'?x'g g;s]sf] a'lemPsf]
5 . o;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu hUuf :yfgLo gfkL sfof{noaf6
lsQfsf6 u/fpg]tkm{ sf/afxL cufl8 a9fOPsf] / 7]s]bf/ sDkgLn]
tof/ u/]sf] ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg pk/ g]kfn gful/s p8\8og
k|flws/0f / ;DalGwt sDkgLaLr 5nkmn e}/x]sf] 5 .
$=!)= bf];|f] cGt//fli6o ljdfg:yn, af/f

d'n'sdf j}slNks cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f u/L lbuf] ko{6g

ljsf; ug]{ nIo /fvL th'{df ul/Psf] o; cfof]hgf af/f lhNnfdf
cjl:yt 5 . of] cfof]hgf cufl8 a9fpg] ;Gbe{df lgdf{0f ;~rfng
11

tyf x:tfGt/0f -BOOT_ ;ldltsf] k/fdz{sf nflu pQm ;ldltdf

k|:tfj k7fOPsf] eGg] dfq hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

$=!!= kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]if

sf7df8f+}df cjl:yt kz'kltgfy If]qsf] ;du| ljsf;sf nflu

kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]if P]g\ @)$$ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L
agfOPsf] u'?of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf dfWodf/f kz'klt If]qnfO{ wfld{s,
;f+:s[lts Pjd\ kof{ko{6gsf] gd'gf If]qsf] kdf ljsf; ug]{ cg'dfg
/x]sf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfutdWo] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ?=
&( s/f]8 !% nfv, :yfgLoaf6 ?= $& s/f]8 %# nfv / cg'bfgtkm{
?= !^ s/f]8 @& nfv /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)%%%^ df z'? ePsf] of]
cfof]hgfsf] cf=j= @)^(&) c;f/;Dddf !) k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult
/ @ k|ltzt ljQLo k|ult ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt
hfgsf/Lcg';f/ nfdf] ;dob]lv sfg'gdf ;+zf]wg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g
/ ;d'bfoaf6 ul/g] sfo{sf] ;d]t sfg'gL ;+oGq gx'Fbf sfof{Gjogdf
;d:of /x]sf] 5 . oL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu lghL u'7L h:tf
;fdflhs ;\3 ;+:yfxsf] sfg'gL / lgodg lgsfosf] Joj:yf ug{
P]gdf ;+zf]wg / lgodfjnL] lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
12

$=!@= n'lDagL If]q ljsf; sf]if

eujfg\ uf}tda'4sf] kljq hGd:ynnfO{ af}4dfuL{ Pjd\ zflGtk|]dL

hg;d'bfosf] cGt/f{li6o s]Gb| lgdf{0f ug]{ nIo /x]sf] of] cfof]hgf
n'lDagLdf cjl:yt 5 . cf=j= @)#% df ;'? eO{ @)*) ;DkGg x'g]
cg'dfg /x]sf] o; cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ?= & ca{ /xg] cg'dfg
/x]sf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ?= # ca{ /
j}b]lzs cg'bfg ?=$ ca{ /xg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . cf=j= @)^(&)
df o; cfof]hgfsf] ef}lts k|ult %% / ljQLo k|ult #% k|ltzt
/x]sf] 5 . xfn o; cfof]hgfdf hUuf clwu|x0f, u'?of]hgf lgdf{0f,
u'?of]hgfsf] k|m] d lgdf{0f clwsf+z cGt/f{li6o ljxf/ If]qsf] lgdf{0f,
kljq pBfgsf] clwsf+z lgdf{0f / cGt/f{li6o ljxf/ If]qsf] s]lGb|o
gx/nfufot lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . o; cfof]hgfsf]
lg/Gt/tfsf nflu cfly{s cefj /x]sf] / o;sf nflu g]kfn
;/sf/ / ljleGg bft[ lgsfo;Fu af/Daf/ 5nkmn u/L u'?of]hgf k"/f
ug]{ ljifodf ljz]if k|of; eO{/x]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)&)&! df o;
cfof]hgfsf nflu ?= &) s/f]8 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .

$=!#= dWo kxf8L -k'iknfn_ nf]sdfu{

o; cfof]hgfn] dWokxf8cGtu{tsf lhNnfx eO{ k"j{klZrd

oftfoft ;~rfng ub}{ ko{6g, hnljB't\, s[lif tyf cGo If]qsf]
13

ljsf;df 6]jf k'ofpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 . o; /fhdfu{af6 kxf8L

If]qsf lhNnfxnfO{ oftfoft ;~hfndf hf]8L pQm If]qsf] cfly{s,
;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, ko{6sLo / z}lIfs If]qsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;
ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfof]hgf kfFry/-lrof] e~of_ b]lv
j}t8L -em'jf3f6_ ;Ddsf kxf8L lhNnfxnfO{ 5'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf]
5 . cf=j= @)^$^% df ;'?eO{ @)&$&% df ;DkGg x'g] cg'dfg
/x]sf] o; cfof]hgfdf ^*! ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ?=!$ ca{ #* s/f]8 (%
nfv *$ xhf/ /xg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . cf=j= @)&))&! df o;
cfof]hgfsf nflu ?= ! ca{ (@ s/f]8 @& nfv !^ xhf/ ljlgof]hg
ePsf] 5 . cf=j= @)^(&) df o; cfof]hgfsf] ef}lts k|ult !))
k|ltzt / ljQLo k|ult (&=%^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfaf6 #%
ls=ld= 6fs lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 eg] @* ls=ld= v08f/df
-/f]8f 5flkPsf]_ tyf )=% ls=ld= sfnf]kq -lkr_ ePsf] k|ult k|fKt
ePsf] 5 . kof{Kt ah]6 gePsf sf/0f jg If]qleq lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{
l9nfO{ePsf] eGg] hfgsf/L cfof]hgfn] lbPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu jg
If]qsf] hUuf k|flKtdf ;/nLs[t x'g'kg]{ lhls/ cfof]hgfsf] /x]sf] 5 .

$=!$= k"jklZrd /]ndfu{

{

o; cfof]hgfn] k"j{ d]rLb]lv klZrd dxfsfnL;Dd /]n ;~hfn

lgdf{0f Pjd\ ;~rfngsf] nIo lnPsf] 5 . cf=j= @)^(&) sf]
14

ef}lts k|ult (% k|ltzt / ljQLo k|ult *$=^% k|ltzt /x]sf]

o; cfof]hgfaf6 lj/f6gu/ hf]ujgLsf] ^% x]S6/ / hogu/
alb{jf;sf] &) x]S6/ hUuf clwu|x0f eO;s]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt
ePsf] 5 . o; cfof]hgf ;g\ @)!! df ;'? eO{ @)!* df ;DkGg
x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] s'n nfut ?= ^%$!$ s/f]8
nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . lgs'~h If]qdf Alignment sf] ;d:of
/x]sf], hUuf k|flKtdf ;d:of b]lvg cfPsf] / ah]6sf] cefjsf
sf/0f sfo{ ;~rfngdf ;d:of /x]sf] k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
o; ;jfnnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ jftfj/0fLo k|efj ljZn]if0f -EIA_ /
hUuf k|flKtsf] k|of; eO{/x]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf nflu
@)&)&! df ?= ! ca{ $) s/f]8 #* nfv &! xhf/ ljlgof]hg
ul/Psf] 5 .

$=!%= x'nfsL dfu{

o; cfof]hgfn] t/fO{ If]qdf ;8s lgdf{0f:t/f]Gglt u/L

oftfoft ;j{;'ne agfpg] / To;dfkm{t lzIff, :jf:Yodf hgtfsf]
kx'Fr k'ofO{ s[lif, Jofkf/, pBf]u / ko{6gsf] ljsf; u/L hgtfsf]
hLjg:t/ psf:g] p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . ljleGg k'nxsf] ;d]t lgdf{0f
x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] o; cfof]hgfdf ?=@) ca{ %) s/f]8 nfUg]
cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ?= * ca{ %) s/f]8
15

/ cg'bfgtkm{ !@ ca{ nfUg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . cf=j= @)^#^$

df ;'? eO{ cf=j= @)&$&% df ;DkGg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] o;
cfof]hgfaf6 !^^# ls=ld= sfnf]kq ;8s / !@% j6f k'nsf] lgdf{0f
x'g] cg'dfg /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)^(&) c;f/;Dddf lgdf{0ffwLg
^^ j6f k'ndWo] !( j6f ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt
hfgsf/Lcg';f/ hUuf k|flKt / d'cfAhf ljt/0fdf sl7gfO / ah]6
cefj /x]sf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfdf rfn' cf=j=@)&).&! df ?=! ca{
@% s/f]8 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .

$=!^= pQ/ blIf0f nf]sdfu{ -sf]zL nf]sdfu{_

of] cfof]hgfn] t]xy'd lhNnfsf] j;Gtk'/b]lv d'n'ssf]

pQ/L l;dfgf lsdfyff;Ddsf] !(% ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0f
Pjd\ :t/f]Gglt ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . cf=j=@)^^^& df
;'?eO{ @)&) df ;DkGg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o;
cfof]hgfdf ?= @ ca{ % s/f]8 (# nfv &^ xhf/ nfUg] cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 . cf=j= @)^)&) c;f/;Dd ePsf] d'Vo d'Vo
pknlAwxdf %# ls=ld= sfnf]kq, $@ ls=ld= u|fe]n / &* ls=ld=
6ofs vf]Ng] sfo{ ;DkGg x'g'sf ;fy} #&=% ls=ld= lj:t[t ;j]{If0f
sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cf=j= @)^(.&) df o; cfof]hgfsf]]
ef}lts k|ult &@=*^ k|ltzt / ljQLo k|ult $*=(& k|ltzt /x]sf]
16

5 . cf=j= @)&)&! df o; cfof]hgfsf] nIodf !% ls=ld= 6fs

vf]Ng], !& ls=ld= u|fe]n tyf &@ ls=ld= df jftfj/0fLo k|efj
ljZn]if0f ul/g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt
hfgsf/Lcg';f/ o; cfof]hgfnfO{ lg/Gt/ kdf ;~rfngsf nflu
ah]6 cefj /x]sf] 5 .
$=!&= pQ/ blIf0f -sfnLu08sL sl/8f]/_ nf]sdfu{

of] cfof]hgfn] u}8fsf]6lkkn8fF8f/fgL3f6cu{nLl/8L?b|fj]gL

xdL{rf}/k'lt{3f6afUn' ahf/ v08df ;8s :t/f]Gglt ug]{ cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 . of] cfof]hgf cf=j= @)^%^^ df ;'? eO{ @)&^&&
df ;DkGg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfdf ?= @% ca{ $*
s/f]8 %* nfv !( xhf/ s'n nfut nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
cf=j= @)^(.&) df o; cfof]hgfsf] &@=*^ k|ltzt ef}lts / $*=(&
k|ltzt ljQLo k|ult ePsf] 5 . cf=j= @)&)&! df u}8fsf]6afUn'
v08sf] ;a} :yfgdf 6fs vf]Ng] df]8 tyf u|]8 ;'wf/ ul/g] -/fDbL
/fgL3f65]n' v08 / xld{rf}/cj]{gLk'lt{3f6 v08sf] 6fs
vf]lng]_ sfo{qmd /flvPsf] 5 . ah]6 cefjsf sf/0f cfof]hgf
lgdf{0fdf ;d:of ePsf]] hgfOPsf] 5 .
$=!* pQ/ blIf0f -s0ff{nL_ nf]sdfu{

o; cfof]hgfdfkm{t v'nfn'l;ldsf]6 -x'Dnf_ v08df sl/a @))

ls=ld= / lxN;fl;ldsf]6 v08 -x'Dnf_ ** ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{
cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfof]hgf cf=j=@)^%^^ b]lv ;'? ePsf]
eP klg ;DkGg ldlt olsg gePsf]n] s'n nfut olsg ePsf]
5}g . cf=j= @)&)&! df v'nfn' l;ldsf]6 ;8sdf @% ls=ld=
/ lxN;f l;ldsf]6 ;8sdf !% ls=ld= 6fs vf]Ng] sfo{qmd
/flvPsf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] ah]6sf] cefjn] sfof{Gjogdf ;d:of
/x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
$=!(= sf7df8f}+ t/fO{ dw]; b|tdfu{
'

o; cfof]hgfn] /fhwfgL sf7df8+f+}nfO{ t/fO{;Fu hf]8\g] b|'tdfu{

lgdf{0f ug]{ / ef/tLo gfsf /S;f}n;Ddsf] :ynut oftfoft k|0ffNlfdf
17

;'wf/ Nofpg'sf;fy} oftfoft vr{df ef/L s6f}tL u/L cy{tGqdf

;sf/fTds k|efj kfg]{ nIo lnOPsf] 5 . cf=j=@)^$^% df ;'?
eO{ @)&% df ;DkGg x'g] cg'dfg /x]sf] o; cfof]hgfsf] s'n
nfut ?= *) ca{{ /xg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . cf=j= @)^(&)
df o; cfof]hgfsf] ef}lts / ljQLo k|ult b'a} !)) k|ltzt
/x]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)^(&) c;f/;DDfdf *! ls=ld= 6fs v'n]sf] /
lgdf{0f ;~rfng tyf x:tfGt/0f k|lqmofdf hfgsf] nflu k|f/lDes
sfo{x e}/x]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 . o; cfof]hgf lgdf{0fdf b]lvPsf ljleGg
;jfnx ;dfwfgsf nflu :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx;Fu jftf{ e}/x]sf]
hgfOPsf] 5 .

$=@)= d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf

d]nDrL / d08g pkTosf d'xfg If]q /x]sf] o; cfof]hgfn] %

r/0fdf u/L sf7df8f+} pkTosfsf sl/a @) nfv hg;\VofnfO{
%! s/f]8 ln6/ vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ u/fpg]5 . cf=j= @)%%%^ df
;'? eO{ @)&#&$ df ;DkGg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] o; cfof]hgfsf]]
s''n nfut ?= @# ca{ $% s/f]8 $^ nfv %) xhf/ cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] cf=j= @)^(&) sf] ef}lts k|ult
(*=@) k|ltzt / ljQLo k|ult (%=*% k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . o;}
u/L @)&) c;f/;Dddf sf7df8f+} pkTosf Pjd\ d]nDrL vfg]kfgL
cfof]hgf If]qdf ^^ ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0f jf :t/f]Gglt, SofDk ;fO6
18

lgdf{0fcGtu{t klxnf] r/0f / bf];|f] r/0f u/L @! j6f ejg lgdf{0f

sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . To:t} ^=% ls=ld=;'? vGg] sfo{ ;DkGg
ePsf] / cj?4 ;'? lgdf{0fsf nflu k'gM7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ;DkGg
ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L @)&) c;f/;Dddf kfgL
k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0fsf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ;DkGg e};s]sf] 5 .
cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/ 7]s]bf/n] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd ;'?
lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|ult ug{ g;s]sfn] s/f/ ;Demf}tf /2 ug'{kbf{ ;'?
lgdf{0f sfo{ cj?4 ePsf] / kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0fsf] nflu
k'gM 7]Ssf ug'{ k/]sf] x'Fbf ;do tyf nfut j[l4 x'g uPsf] h:tf
;d:ofx /x]sf 5g\ . of] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;'? lgdf{0fsf] gofF
7]Ssf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu d]nDrL vfg]kfgL ljsf; ;ldlt, ;x/L
ljsf; dGqfno, cy{ dGqfno tyf bft[ lgsfoaLr 5nkmn tyf
;dembf/L eO{ @)^( df3df k'gM 7]Ssfkf ;'? u/L @)&) cf;f/df
7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 / kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0fsf] nflu @)^(
>fj0faf6 vl/b k|lqmof ;'? u/L @)&) cf;f/df ;Demf}tf ePsf]
5 . cf=j= @)&)&! df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ?= ! ca{ #( s/f]8
% nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 .

$=@!= /fi6klt r'/] ;+/If0f sfo{qmd

of] cfof]hgfaf6 PsLs[t kdf r'/]sf] kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf]

lbuf] Joj:yfkg ub}{ pkNnf] t6Lo / tNnf] t6Lo jftfj/0fLo
19

cGt/;DaGwaf6 t/fO{dw]z If]qsf] ;d]t ;+/If0f x'g] cg'dfg /x]sf]

5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ nufgLdf ;~rfng x'g] of] cfof]hgf
@)^&^* af6 ;'? ePsf] / o;sf] s'n nfut ?=%) s/f]8 /xg] ck]Iff
ul/Psf] 5 . cf=j= @)&)&! df r'/];Fu ;DalGwt lgb]{lzsf tyf sfo{ljlw
k'g/fjf]nsg ug]{, pkNnf] t6Lo afl;GbfaLr ;d"x ;~hfnLs/0f
ug]{, gofF :yfoL g;{/L lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{, ljleGg k|hfltsf
la?jf pTkfbg ug]{, r'/]sf] 89]nf] lgoGq0f tyf jg cltqmd0f
tyf rf]/L lgsf;L lgoGq0f ug]{, r'/]df cfl>t ul/a tyf ljkGg
ju{sf nflu /f]huf/d'vL j[If/f]k0f ug]{ h:tf sfo{qmd /x]sf 5g\ .
cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/ sd{rf/L l56f] l56f] ;?jf x'Fbf
o; cfof]hgf cGtu{tsf lqmofsnfkxsf] k|efjsf/L kdf ;dGjo
x'g ufxf] ePsfn] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ePsf lhNnfxdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lsf] @ jif{;Dd ;?jf x'g gx'g] lhls/ cfof]hgfn] u/]sf] 5 . ;fy}
hgr]tgf hufpg] vfnsf sfo{qmd u/L tf]lsPs} gbL k|0ffnLdf
sfo{qmd ug{ kxn u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

%= lgisif{
g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfof]hgfxsf] k|fyldsLs/0f / ljz]if dxTjsf
cfof]hgfxnfO{ /fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfdf juL{s/0f u/L sfof{Gjog
ug]{ k|of;nfO{ ;/fxgLo kdf lng ;lsG5 . oL cfof]hgfxsf]
20

;du| c;/ tyf k|efjsf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{ lgs} rfF8f] x'g] eP klg
logLxsf] ;du| sfof{Gjog l:yltnfO{ klg ;Gtf]ifhgs dfGg
;lsg] l:ylt 5}g . o; juL{s/0fdf k/]sf cfof]hgfxnfO{ ;fwgsf]
;'lglZrttf x'g] elgP klg w]/} cfof]hgfxaf6 ah]6sf] cefj
/x]sf] egL ;d:ofdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . sltko cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t
;+efjgf cWoog / sltko cfof]hgfsf] ;do / s'n nfut cg'dfg
x'g afFsL g} /x]sf] l:yltnfO{ klg plrt eGg ;lsb}g . cfof]hgfsf]
Joj:yfkgnfO{ yk Jojl:yt agfpg ;DalGwt dGqfno / cfof]hgf
k|d'vaLr s/f/ ug]{ Joj:yfn] hjfkmb]lxtf k|j4{gdf ;xof]usf]
ck]Iff eg] ug{ ;lsG5 .

21

l;S6f l;FrfO
cfof]hgf

aaO{ l;FrfO
cfof]hgf

!=

@=

qm=;= cfof]hgf

@)$%)&@

cfof]hgfsf]
;'? ldlt
;DkGg ldlt
@)^! )&%

aaO{ gbLsf] k"j{df !()))

x]S6/ / klZrddf @!,)))
x]S6/ hldgdf l;FrfO
;'ljwf .

22

$# uf=lj=;= / g]kfnu~h uf=lj=;=

df u/L $@,&^^ x]S6/ s[lif of]Uo
e"lddf l;FrfOsf nflu kfgL pknAw
u/fpg] .

cfof]hgfn] cf]u6]sf] nIo

#!& dL6/ Jof/]h lgdf{0f

d'n afFwsf] bfofFtkm{ ^@=%m3/5 jxfj Ifdtf
ePsf] Headregulator/ Desilting basin
tyf afofFtkm{ !@=%m3/5 axfj Ifdtf ePsf
Headregulator lgdf{0f .
!$%) dL= nfdf] Flushing channel
lgdf{0f .
bfofF d'ngx/ lgdf{0f sfo{ !% ls=ld= ;DkGg .
!#,^*) x]S6/ hldgdf l;FrfO pknAw
e};s]sf] .
afnL ;3gtfdf !@#
af6 @!) df
k'u]sf] .

cfof]hgfsf] xfn;Ddsf] ef}lts k|ult-@)^(_

/fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfxsf] nIo / xfn;Ddsf] k|ultsf] l:ylt -@)^(.&)_

s}lkmot

e]/L aaO{
8fOe;{g

@)^( =&*
a"9Lu08sL
hnljB't\
cfof]hgf
-ljsf; ;ldlt_

$=

%=

@)^( )&&

@)^$ )&%
/fgLhd/f
s'nl/of l;FrfO
cfof]hgf

#=

23

alb{of / afFs] lhNnfsf] %!,)))

x]S6/ e"lddf l;FrfOsf] ;]jf
k'ofpg] .
^)) d]ufjf6 hnljB't\ pTkfbg
u/L ljB'tLo pmhf{ cfk"lt{ ug]{ .

s}nfnL lhNnfsf] * uf=lj=;= / !

gu/kflnsfsf] sl/a @),#)) x]S6/
hldgdf Jojl:yt l;FrfO ug]{

xfn h/xL gfnfdf ;dod} RofgnfOh];gsf]

sfo{ ePsf]n] l;FrfO eO{ pTkfbgdf j[l4
ePsf] .
l;FrfO ;]jf z'Ns p7fpg hfu?s x'g
yfn]sf .
OG6]s lgdf{0f *% eGbf j9L sfo{ ;DkGg
;'? lgdf{0f sfo{sf lglDt lgdf{0fstf{ tyf
k/fdz{bft[ 5gf}6 sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ lgdf{0f
sfo{ ;'? .
k|ltjif{ @%)) luufjf6 cfj/ ljB'tLo pmhf{
pTkfbg ug]{ .

sf7df8f+}
t/fO{ b|'tdfu{

pQ/blIf0f
@)^%
nf]sdfu{ s0ff{nL

*=

(=

@)^$&%

klZrd
;]tL hnljB't\
cfof]hgf

&=

@)^&)&@

dflyNnf]
tfdfsf]zL
hnljB't\
cfof]hgf
-$%^ d]=jf=_

^=

#)* ls=ld= 6ofs vf]Ng] .

24

sf7df8f+}b]lv lghu9;Dd kmfi6

6fs lgdf{0f ug]{ .

&%) d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ .

$%^ d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf] hnljB't\

pTkfbg ug]{ .

d'cfAhf ljt/0fsf] *) sfo{ ;DkGg .

g]kfnL ;]gfaf6 ^) ls=ld= af6f]
v'ln;s]sf] .
!$=@% ef}lts k|ult ePsf] .

xfn;Dd %) k|ltzt lgdf{0f sfo{

;DkGg .

cg';f/
lrlgofF
sDkgLn]
ug]{ .

Model

PPP

@)^$ &%
k'iknfn
nf]sdfu{ -dWo
kxf8L
nf]sdfu{_

!@=

25

nf]sdfu{sf] k"jL{v08 tkm{sf] nDafO{

^*! ls=ld= /x]sf]df xfnsf]
sfo{If]q sl/a #)& ls=ld=df gofF
6fs vf]Ng] .

!)& ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0f x'g] .

@)^^)&#

pQ/ blIf0f
nf]sdfu{
-sf]zL_

!!=

$#% ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0f x'g] .

@)^&)&&

pQ/ blIf0f
nf]sdfu{
-sfnLu08sL_

!)=

6fs vf]Ng] sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ ;8s rf}8f

kfg]{ sfo{ e}/x]sf] .

#) ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0f .

#(% ls=ld= 6fs vf]lnPsf] .

x'nfsL
nf]sdfu{

!$=

@)^#&%

/]nj] tyf d]6f] @)^*&^

ljsf;
cfof]hgf

!#=

26

!^^# ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0f tyf

!@% j6f k'n lgdf{0f
ug]{ .

!#!* ls=ld= /]ndfu{ lgdf{0f Pjd\

;~rfngdf cfpg] .
&% ls=ld= d]6f] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf
lgdf{0f Pjd\ ;~rfngdf cfpg] .

l;d/f v08-!)@ ls=ld=_ df #$ ls=ld=sf]

lj:t[t ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg k|fKt .
l;d/f a'6jn-!&( ls=ld=_ / a'6jn
e}/xjf n'lDagL-$$_ ls=ld=sf]
k/fdz{bftfxaf6 k|ltj]bg k|fKt eO{ baseline
;'? .
a'6jn u8\8frf}sL v08sf] cfof]hgfsf]
k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ ljleGg b]zsf
k/fdz{bftfxnfO{ k|:tfjkq cfXjfg .
hogu/, alb{jf; / hf]ujgL lj/f6gu/
/]ndfu{sf] nflu !#% x]S6/ hUuf clwu|x0f
ePsf] afFsL k|lqmofdf /x]sf] .
hf]ujgL lj/f6gu/ /]ndfu{sf] g]kfn v08df
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? .
klxnf] r/0fdf @% sfo{ ;DkGg .

kz'klt If]q
ljsf; sf]if

n'lDagL If]q
ljsf; sf]if

bf];|f]
cGt/f{li6o
ljdfg:yn,
af/f

!%=

!^=

!&=

@)!)@)!&

@)%^%&

n'lDagL u'?of]hgf k"/f ug]{

27

kz'kltIf]qnfO{ wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts

Pjd\ kof{kof{6gsf] gd"gf If]qsf]
kdf ljsf; ug]{ .

ePsf] .

hUuf clwu|x0f, u'?of]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{,

u'?of]hgfsf] k|m] d lgdf{0f sfo{, clwsf+z
cGt/f{li6o ljxf/ If]qsf] lgdf{0f sfo{, kljq
pBfgsf] clwsf+z lgdf{0f sfo{, cGt/f{li6o
ljxf/ If]qsf] s]Gb|Lo gx/nuot ;+/rgf
lgdf{0f ;DkGg
BOOT sldl6sf] k/fdz{sf nflu k|:tfj
k7fOPsf] 5 .

ef}lts k|ult &)

uf}tda'4 ljdfg:ynnfO{ If]qLo

cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynsf] kdf
:t/f]GgtL u/L d'n'sdf csf]{
j}slNks cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn
ljsf; u/L bLuf] ko{6g ljsf;
ug]{ .

@)^*)&^
e}/xjf
ljdfg:ynnfO{
If]qLo
ljdfg:yn
agfpg] .

!(=

28

kf]v/f ljdfg:ynnfO{ If]qLo

cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynsf] kdf
:t/f]Gglt u/L d'n'sdf If]qLo
cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn ljsf; u/L
bLuf] ko{6g ljsf; ug]{ .

kf]v/f
@)!!@)!%
ljdfg:ynnfO{
If]qLo
ljdfg:yndf
ljsl;t ug]{

!*=

cfof]hgf l8hfOg sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ af]nkq cfXjfg

ug]{ qmddf /x]sf]n] tflnsfdf pNn]v ug{ sl7gfO
ePsf] .

lrlgofF ;/sf/;Fu ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f k|fKt

ug]{tkm{ 7]s]bf/ 5gf}6sf] k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg
g]kfn ;/sf/ -d=k=_ sf] ldlt @)^(!!)$ sf]
lg0f{o g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0faf6
sfof{Gjog e}/x]sf] .

d]nDrL
vfg]kfgL
cfof]hgf

/fi6klt r'/]
;+/If0f
cfof]hgf

@)=

@!=

@& j6f jg tyf e";+/If0f Joj:yfkg

sfo{of]hgf tof/ .
r'/] /0fgLlt d:of}bf tof/
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf tof/
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lgb]{zg ;ldltsf] u7g .
gbL psf;, j[Iff/f]k0f t6aGwh:tf
ef}lts sfo{qmd tyf ;+/rgf tof/ ePsf] .

@)^&)^*

29

r'/] efj/ tyf t/fO{ If]qsf]

ef}uf]lns, cfly{s, ;fdflhs,
k|fs[lts / kl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf]
;+j]bgzLntf / cGt/;DagwnfO{
dgg ub{} r'/]efjf/t/fO{
If]qsf] k|fs[lts ;Dkbf /
kl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf] ;+/If0f /
;b'kof]u u/L
e"pTkfbsTj clej[l4
ub}{ ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf] /fli6o
nIodf 6]jf k'ofpg'sf ;fy} bLuf]
ljsf; / jftfj/0faLr ;Gt'ng
sfod ug]{ .

;fdflhs pTyfg sfo{qmdf l;Gw'kfNrf]sl:yt

sf7df8f+}, eQmk'/ / nlntk'/
d]nDrL pkTosfsf !$ uf=lj=;= tyf sfe|] lhNnfsf
lhNnfsf #) nfv
hg;\Vofdf z'4 kfgL k'ofpg] . d08g pkTosfsf % uf=lj=;=sf pkef]Qmf
nfelGjt .

@)%%)&$

##&!$!

##&!#*

##&#)&

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!=

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#=

$=
%=

^=

sf7df8f+} t/fO{ dw];

b|'tdfu{
k'iknfn nf]sdfu{ -dWo
kxf8L
nf]sdfu{_
/]nj] tyf d]6f] ljsf;
cfof]hgf
x'nfsL nf]sdfu{
pQ/ blIf0f
nf]sdfu{ -sf]zL_
pQ/ blIf0f
nf]sdfu{
-sfnLu08sL_

qm=;= a=p=l;=g= cfof]hgfxsf] gfd

@%$*%*

*%)))
@)%(#

^%$!$))

!$#*(%

30

!@))))

@%$*%*

@)%)))
@)%(#

^%$!$))

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cfof]hgfsf] cg'dflgt nfut;|f]t

-?= nfvdf_
g]kfn
j}bl] zs cGo
s'n hDdf
;/sf/
*)))))

*)))))

*@%$))

$)$%^
@%((

@)#^^

u}8fsf]6lkkn8fF8f/fgL3f6
cu{nLl/8L?b|fj]gLxdL{rf}/
k'lt{3f6 afUn' ;Dd

t/fOsf] lhNnfx
j;Gtk'/ b]lv lsdfyff

k"j{ d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL ;Dd

s'n vr{ cfof]hgf :yn

ah]6
cf=j=@)^(
;Ddsf]
!^$!%
nlntk'/, dsjfgk'/ / af/f
#!))@
kxf8L If]q x'Fb} k"j{b]lv
klZrd;Dd

/fli6o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfxsf] ;du| k|ult ;dLIff -@)^(_

#)*!!#

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357132

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aaO{ l;FrfO
cfof]hgf

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pQ/ blIf0f
nf]sdfu{-s0ff{nL_
d]nDrL vfg]kfgL
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31

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8f]6L, 88]nw'/f, a}t8L, /

aemf -BOOT k|0ffnL_
bf]nvf If]q g+=@ g=kf=
uf=lj=;= nfdfau/
afFs]sf] lgjf{rg If]q g+= !,
@, # / $,g=kf=
g]kfnu~h,uf=lj=;=$#
s}nfnLM lgjf{rg If]q gDa/
! / @ 6Lsfk'/ gu/kflnsf
;lxt * uf=lj=;=
alb{of lgjf{rg If]q g+= %,
u'nl/of g=kf= ;lxt k"j{sf
!! uf=lj=;= / klZrdsf ^
uf=lj=;

wflb

d]nDrL / d08g pkTosf

v'nfn'l;ldsf]6-x'Dnf_

%)!!^!

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!%=
e}/xjf ljdfg:ynnfO{
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ljsl;t ug]{
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ljsl;t ug]{
bf];|f] cGt/f{li6o
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