Power Systems

Test Paper-1
Power System Test Paper

Source Book: GATE Multiple Choice Questions Electrical Engineering
(Vol-1 and Vol-2)
Author: RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Edition: 1
st
ISBN: 9788192276212, 9788192276229
Publisher : Nodia and Company
Visit us at: www.nodia.co.in
Q. No. 1 - 10 Carry One Mark Each
MCQ 1.1 The per-unit impedance of an alternator corresponding to base values 13.2 kV and
30 MVA is 0.2 p.u. The pu value of the impedance for base values 13.8 kV and 50
MVA in pu will be
(A) 0.131 (B) 0.226
(C) 0.305 (D) 0.364
SOL 1.1
Z
pu new
Z
MVA
MVA
kV
kV
2
pu old
base new
base old
base old
base new
=
c b m l
0.2
.
.
0.305
30
50
13 8
13 2
pu
2
= =
b b l l
Hence (C) is correct option.
MCQ 1.2 When the load on a transmission line is a equal to the surge impedance loading
(A) the receiving end voltage is less than the sending end voltage.
(B) the sending end voltage is less than the receiving end voltage.
(C) the receiving end voltage is equal to the sending end voltage.
(D) none of these.
SOL 1.2 When the load on a transmission line is equal to surge impedance loading(SIL), the
receiving end voltage is equal to the sending end voltage.
MCQ 1.3 For a given transmission line the expression for voltage regulation is given by
100%
V
V V
R
S R
#
. Hence
(A) this must be a short line
(B) this may either be a medium line or a short line
(C) this expression is true for any line
Page 2 Power System Test Paper Test Paper-1
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(D) this may either be a medium line or a long line
SOL 1.3 %regulation 100
V
V V
R
R R
FL
NL FL
#
=

In case of short transmission line the receiving end voltage under no load is the
same as sending end voltage under full load condition
V V
R R FL
= , V V
R S NL
=
%regulation 100
V
V V
R
S R
#
=

Hence (A) is correct option.
MCQ 1.4 Expanded ACSR are conductors composed of
(A) larger diameter individual strands for a given cross section of the aluminium
strands.
(B) larger diameter of the central steel strands for a given overall diameter of the
conductor.
(C) larger diameter of the aluminium strands only for a given overall diameter of
conductor.
(D) A filler between the inner steel and the outer aluminium strands to increase the
overall diameter of the conductor.
SOL 1.4 Expanded ACSR contains a filler such as a paper which separates the inner steel
strands from the outer aluminum strands. The paper provides a larger diameter or
less corona for a given conductivity and tensile strength.
Hence (D) is correct option.
MCQ 1.5 Consider the following statements in respect of load flow studies in power systems :
1. Bus admittance matrix is a sparse matrix
2. Gauss-Seidel method is preferred over Newton-Raphson method for load flow
studies
3. One of the buses is taken as slack bus in load flow studies
Which of the statements given above are correct ?
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 2
(C) 1 and 3 (D) 2 and 3
SOL 1.5
1. BUS admittance matrix is a sparse matrix.
2. GS method is easier but it is less accurate and has a slow convergence rate
compare to NR method .So, GS method is not preferred over NR method.
3. One of the buses is taken as slack bus in power flow studies.
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MCQ 1.6 Which portion of the power system is least prone to faults?
(A) Alternators (B) Switchgear
(C) Transformers (D) Overhead lines.
SOL 1.6 In a power system alternators are least prone to faults.
MCQ 1.7 A three-phase transformer having zero-sequence impedance of Z
0
has the zero
sequence network as shown in the figure. The connections of its windings are
(A) star-star
(B) delta-delta
(C) star-delta
(D)delta-star with neutral grounded
SOL 1.7 Since a T circuit provides no return path for zero-sequence current, no zero sequence
current can flow into a T-T bank, but it can circulate within the T winding.
Hence (B) is correct option.
MCQ 1.8 Tick the correct statement:
(A) The negative and zero sequence voltages are maximum at the fault location
and decrease towards neutral.
(B) The negative and zero sequence voltages are minimum at the fault point and
increase towards neutral.
(C) The negative sequence is maximum and zero-sequence is minimum at the fault
point and decrease and increase respectively towards the neutral.
(D) The negative sequence and zero-sequence currents do not exist at the fault
location.
SOL 1.8 Hence (A) is correct option.
MCQ 1.9 For the system shown in figure the per unit reactance values are marked in the
figure. The transfer reactance would be
(A) 0.12 pu (B) 0.5 pu
(C) 0.2 pu (D) 0.3 pu
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SOL 1.9 The equivalent circuit of the power system is shown in fig.
The transfer reactance X between the generator and the finite bus is given below.
X 0.2 0.3 0.5 . p u X X
"
d i
= + = + =
MCQ 1.10 Three generators are feeding a load of 100 MW. The details of the generators are
Rating
(MW)
Efficiency
(%)
Regulation (Pu.)
( on 100 MVA base)
Generator-1 100 20 0.02
Generator-2 100 30 0.04
Generator-3 100 40 0.03
In the event of increased load power demand, which of the following will happen ?
(A) All the generator will share equal power
(B) Generator-3 will share more power compared to Generator-1
(C) Generator-1 will share more power compared to Generator-2
(D) Generator-2 will share more power compared to Generator-3
SOL 1.10 Given that three generators are feeding a load of 100 MW. For increased load
power demand, Generator having better regulation share More power, so Generator
-1 will share More power than Generator -2.
Q. No. 11- 21 Carry Two Mark Each
MCQ 1.11 The power system shown in figure has the following specification:
Generator G
1
: 20 MVA, 6.6 kV, 0.10 pu X
G1
=
Generator G
2
: 25 MVA, 11 kV, 0.20 pu X
G2
=
Transformer T
1
: 25 MVA, 6.6/132 kV, 0.08 pu X
T1
=
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Transformer T
2
: 30 MVA, 11/132 kV, 0.10 pu X
T2
=
Transmission line : Line-to-line voltage = 132 kV,
Impedance Z
Line
( ) j 30 120 = +
If all the voltage bases are same as rated and base MVA is 50 MVA, then per unit
impedance diagram is
SOL 1.11 We know that
Z
pu(new)
Z
V
V
MVA
MVA
2
pu(old)
base(new)
base(old)
base(old)
base(new)
=
c e m o
X
G1
on system base values
X
1, G pu
(0.1)
( . ) ( )
( . ) ( )
6 6 20
6 6 50
2
2
#
#
#
=
base MVA 50 MVA
base votage 6.6 kV
=
=
0.25 pu =
X
G2
X
, G2 pu
(0.2)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
11 25
11 50
2
2
#
#
#
=
base MVA 50 MVA
base votage 11 kV
=
=
0.4 pu =
X
T1
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X
1, T pu
(0.08)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
132 25
132 50
2
2
#
#
#
=
base MVA 50 MVA
base votage 132 kV
=
=
0.16 pu =
X
T2
X
2, T pu
(0.10)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
132 30
132 50
2
2
#
#
#
=
base MVA 50 MVA
base votage 132 kV
=
=
0.167 pu =
For transmission line
Z
pu
[ ] Z in ohms
kV
MVA
2
base
base
=
^ h

base MVA 50 MVA
base votage 132 kV
=
=

( )
( ) j
132
30 120 50
2
#
=
+
Z
pu
(0.086 0.344) j = +
Thus, the pu diagram of the given power system on a system base of 50 MVA is
shown as
MCQ 1.12 The impedance diagram of a power system is shown in figure. The bus admittance
matrix Y
BUS
is
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(A)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Y j
8 5
2 5
5 0
0
2 5
8 75
5 0
0
5 0
5 0
22 5
12 5
0
0
12 5
12 5
S
BUS
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
(B)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Y j
1 6
0 4
0 2
0
0 4
1 4
0 2
0
0 2
0 2
1 2
0 8
0
0
0 8
0 8
S
BUS
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
(C)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Y j
8 5
2 5
5 0
0
2 5
8 75
5 0
0
5 0
5 0
22 5
12 5
0
0
12 5
12 5
S
BUS
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
(D)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Y j
1 6
0 4
0 2
0
0 4
1 4
0 2
0
0 2
0 2
1 2
0 8
0
0
0 8
0 8
S
BUS
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
SOL 1.12 The admittance diagram for the system is shown below:
Y
BUS

Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
11
21
31
41
12
22
32
42
13
23
33
43
14
24
34
44
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
j
8 5
2 5
5 0
0
2 5
8 75
5 0
0
5 0
5 0
22 5
12 5
0
0
12 5
12 5
S =
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
Where Y
11
y y y
10 12 13
= + + ; Y y y y y
22 20 12 23 24
= + + +
Y
33
y y y y
30 13 23 34
= + + + ; Y y y y
44 40 24 34
= + +
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Y
12
Y y
21 12
= = ; Y
13
Y y
31 13
= =
Y
23
Y y
32 23
= =
and Y
34
Y y
43 34
= = ; Y Y y
24 42 24
= =
Y
14
Y y
14 14
= =
MCQ 1.13 For a single phase power system shown in figure, transformer T
1
and T
2
are identical
and their specification are given as following
Transformer ratio 2 kV/11 kV =
The resistance on LV side 0.04 = and HV side 1.3 =
Reactance on LV 0.125 = and HV side 4.5 =
The efficiency of the transmission is
(A) 80% (B) 96.3%
(C) 46.5% (D) 74.4%
SOL 1.13 The transmission line equivalent impedance when referred to LV side will be
Z j 10
11
2
30
11
2
2 2
# #
= +
b b l l
( . . ) j 0 33 0 99 = +
Impedance of each transformer referred to low voltage side
Z
T1
0.04 1.3 0.125 4.5 Z j j
11
2
11
2
T
2 2
2
# #
= = + + +
b b l l
( . . ) j 0 083 0 273 = +
The equivalent circuit for the total system
The line current I 125 amps
2000
250 1000
#
= =
The line loss P
Loss
(125) 0.496 7.7 kW I R
2 2
#
= = =
The output P
out
250 0.8 200 kW
#
= =
Efficiency 100
P P
P
out Loss
out
#
=
+
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.
. %
200 7 7
200
100 96 3
#
=
+
=
MCQ 1.14 Two overhead lines P and Q are connected in parallel to supply a load of 10
MW at 0.8 pf lagging. The resistance and reactance of line P are 3 and 4 ,
respectively and of the line Q are 4 and 3 respectively. The power supplied
by line P is
(A) 6.30 MW (B) 4.46 MW
(C) 6.73 MW (D) 5.88 MW
SOL 1.14 Impedance of line P Z
P
. j 3 4 5 53 13c = + =
Impedance of line Q Z
Q

. j 4 3 5 36 86c = + =
Z Z
P Q
+ ( ) ( ) j j 3 4 4 3 = + + +
j 7 7 7 2 45c = + =
Total load supplied in kVA
S
.
. 12500 .
0 8
10000
36 86 36 86 c c = =
Load supplied by line P,
S
P
S
Z Z
Z
P Q
Q
=
+
12500 .
.
36 86
7 2 45
5 36 86
c
c
c
#
=
6313.45
7 2
12500 5
45 kVA
#
c = = at pf 0.707 (lag)
Power supplied by line P
P . 0.7 . kW 6313 45 07 4463 6
#
= =
MCQ 1.15 The network shown in the given figure has impedances in p.u. as indicated. The
diagonal element Y
22
of the bus admittance matrix Y
BUS
of the network is
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(A) 19.8 j (B) 20.0 j +
(C) 0.2 j + (D) 19.95 j
SOL 1.15
Y
22
? =
I
1
( ) V Y V V Y
1 11 1 2 12
= +
0.05 10( ) 9.95 10 V j V V j V j V
1 1 2 1 2
= = +
I
2
( ) ( ) V V Y V V Y
2 1 21 2 3 23
= +
. . j V j V j V 10 9 9 0 1
1 2 3
=
Y
22
Y Y Y
11 23 2
= + +
9.95 9.9 0.1 j j j =
19.95 j =
MCQ 1.16 Two generators G
1
and G
2
are connected to a transformer T as shown in figure.
The specification of components are as following
Generator G
1
: 15 MVA, 11 kV,
G
0.10 pu X
1
= m
Generator G
2
: 10 MVA, 11 kV, 0.10 pu X
G2
= m
Transformer T : 15 MVA, 11/66 kV, 0.06 X pu
T
= .
When a three phase fault occurs on the high voltage side of the transformer, what
are the values of subtransient current in generator G
1
and G
2
respectively ?
(A) 5 3.33 kA, kA (B) 3.94 2.62 kA, kA
(C) 2.27 1.51 kA, kA (D) 0.47 0.31 kA, kA
SOL 1.16 Choose a base 15 MVA
X
( ) G new 1
m 0.10 pu j =
X
G (new) 2
m 0.10 0.15 pu j j
10
15
#
= =
X
( ) T new
0.06 pu j =
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Fault current
I
f

. .
8.33 pu
j
V
j
j
0 12 0 12
1
0
= = =
Sub transient current in G
1
I
G1
m
( . . )
.
( 8.33) 5.0 pu
j
j
j j
0 1 0 15
0 15
#
=
+
=
Sub transient current in G
2

G
I
2
m
( . . )
.
( 8.33) 3.33 pu
j
j
j j
0 1 0 15
0 10
#
=
+
=
Base current
I
B

11
15
787.3 Amp
3 kV
MVA
#
= =
I
G1
m 5 787.3 3.936 kA
#
= =

G
I
2
m 3.33 787.3 2.621 kA
#
= =
MCQ 1.17 An 11.8 kV busbar is fed from three synchronous generators as shown in the figure.
The generator specifications are as following
Generator G
1
: 20 MVA, 0.08 pu X = l
Generator G
2
: 60 MVA, 0.1pu X = l
Generator G
3
: 20 MVA, 0.09 pu X = l
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The voltage base is taken as 11.8 kV and the VA base as 60 MVA. If a three-phase
symmetrical fault occurs on the busbars then the fault current is
(A) 1.07 kA (B) 90.75 kA
(C) 40.60 kA (D) 52.40 kA
SOL 1.17 The transient reactance of the generators are
X
G1
0.08 0.24
20
60
pu
#
= =
X
G2
0. 0. 1
60
60
1 pu
#
= =
X
G3
0.0 0.2 9
20
60
7 pu
#
= =
There values are shown in the equivalent circuit in the figure below.
As the generator e.m.f.s are assumed to be equal, one source may be used which is
also shown in figure.
The equivalent reactance is
X
eq

/ . / . / .
0.056 pu
1 0 24 1 0 27 1 0 1
1
=
+ +
=
Therefore fault MVA

.
1071 MVA
0 056
60
= =
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and fault current
52402 A
3 1180
1071 10
6
#
#
= =
MCQ 1.18 The following figure shows a synchronous generator whose neutral is grounded
through a reactance X
n
. The generator has balanced emfs and sequence reactances
, X X
1 2
and X
0
. The value of neutral grounding reactance for which the LG fault
current is less than the three phase fault current is
(A) X X X
3
1
<
n 1 0
^ h
(B) X X X >
1 0 n
+
^ h
(C) X X X
3
1
>
n 1 0
^ h
(D) X X X 2 >
n 1 0
+
SOL 1.18 Connection of sequence networks for a solid LG fault is shown below from which
we can write the fault current as
I
LG
a

X X X
E
2 3
3
n
a
1 0
=
+ +
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Similarly for a solid three-phase fault
I
a
3

X
E
X
E
3
3
a a
1 1
= =
We have for LG fault current to be less than three-phase fault current, by comparing
above two expressions

X X X
E
2 3
3
n
a
1 0
+ +

X
E
3
3
<
a
1
or
X X X 2 3
n 1 0
+ + X 3 >
1
or
X
n
( ) X X
3
1
>
1 0

MCQ 1.19 A 3-phase fault occurs at the middle point F on the transmission line as shown
in figure. The transfer reactance appearing between the generator and the infinite
bus is
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(A) 0.9 j pu (B) 0. j 575 pu
(C) 0. j 62 pu (D) 0. j 65 pu
SOL 1.19 The equivalent circuit for the case of the fault at middle point F on line-2 is shown
in fig.
We have to equivalent reactance between the generator and the infinite bus In the
above circuit, the star network consisting of generator reactance 0.2 pu, Line-1
reactance 0.3 pu and faulted line half reactance 0.15 pu is converted into equivalent
delta network as shown in figure below
Transfer reactance X
12

. .
.
. .
j j
j
j j
0 2 0 3
0 15
0 2 0 3
#
= + +
0.9 pu j =
MCQ 1.20 Consider the protection system shown in the figure below. The circuit breakers
numbered from 1 to 7 are of identical type. A single line to ground fault with zero
fault impedance occurs at the midpoint of the line (at point F), but circuit breaker
4 fails to operate (Stuck breaker). If the relays are coordinated correctly, a valid
sequence of circuit breaker operation is
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(A) 1, 2, 6, 7, 3, 5 (B) 1, 2, 5, 5, 7, 3
(C) 5, 6, 7, 3, 1, 2 (D) 5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7
SOL 1.20 Due to the fault F at the mid point and the failure of circuit-breaker 4 the
sequence of circuit-breaker operation will be
5, 6, 7, 3, 1, 2 (as given in options)
(due to the fault in the particular zone, relay of that particular zone must operate
first to break the circuit, then the back-up protection applied if any failure occurs.)
MCQ 1.21 The incremental cost curves in Rs/MWhr for two generators supplying a common
load of 700 MW are shown in the figures. The maximum and minimum generation
limits are also indicated. The optimum generation schedule is :
(A) Generator A : 400 MW, Generator B : 300 MW
(B) Generator A : 350 MW, Generator B : 350 MW
(C) Generator A : 450 MW, Generator B : 250 MW
(D) Generator A : 425 MW, Generator B : 275 MW
SOL 1.21 Given incremental cost curve
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P P
A B
+ 700 = MW
For optimum generator ? P
A
= , ? P
B
=
a From curve, maximum incremental cost for generator A
600 = at 450 MW
and maximum incremental cost for generator B
800 = at 400 MW
minimum incremental cost for generator B
650 = at 150 MW
a Maximim incremental cost of generation A is less than the minimum incremental
constant of generator B. So generator A operate at its maximum load 450 = MW
for optimum generation.
P
A
450 = MW
P
B
(700 450) =
250 = MW
Hence (C) is coerrect option.
Common data for Question 22 to Q. 23
A power system consisting two generating plants G
1
and G
2
has minimum cost
dispatch with 150 MW P
G1
= and 275 MW P
G2
= and the loss coefficients are
B
11
0.10 10 MW
2 1
#
=

B
12
0.01 10 MW
2 1
#
=

B
22
0.13 10 MW
2 1
#
=

MCQ 1.22 The penalty factor of plant G
1
is
(A) 1.3245 (B) 4.08
(C) 2.452 (D) 1.825
SOL 1.22 For a system having two generation plants, transmission loss is given by
P
L
P B P P B P B 2
1
2
11 1 2 12 2
2
22
= + +
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P
P
L
1
2
2
P B P B 2 2 0
1 11 2 12
= + +
. ( . ) 2 150 0 1 10 2 275 0 01 10
2 2
# # # # #
= +

. . . 0 3 0 055 0 245 = =
Penalty factor for plant G
1
L
1

.
.
P
P
1
1
1 0 245
1
1 3245
L
1
2
2
=
=
MCQ 1.23 To increase the total load on the system by 1 MW will cost an additional Rs 200
per hour. The additional cost in Rs per hour to increase the output of plant G
1
by
1 MW
(A) 151.0 Rs/MWh (B) 81.56 Rs/MWh
(C) 49.0 Rs/MWh (D) 109.6 Rs/MWh
SOL 1.23 It is given that incremental cost of the system
Rs per MWh 200 =
Let the incremental cost of plant G
1
is / dC dP
1 1
then
L
dP
dC
1
1
1
l =
.
dP
dC
1 3245
1
1
200 =

dP
dC
1
1

.
151 / Rs MWh
1 3245
200
= =
Common data for Question 24 to Q. 25
A 25 MVA, 11 kV star-connected synchronous generator has its neutral point
solidly grounded. The generator is operating at no load at rated voltage. Its
sequence reactances are 0.20 X X pu
1 2
= = and 0.08 pu X
0
= .
MCQ 1.24 What is the symmetrical sub-transient line current for single line-to-ground fault ?
(A) 2.5 pu j (B) 2.08 pu j
(C) 6.25 pu j (D) 0.16 pu j
SOL 1.24 Single line-to-ground fault current
I
f

X X X
E 3
a
1 2 0
=
+ +
1 E pu
a
=
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( . . . )
6.25 pu
j
j
0 2 0 2 0 08
3
=
+ +
=
MCQ 1.25 The symmetrical sub-transient line current for double line faults is
(A) 4.33 pu (B) 2.5 pu
(C) . 0 25 pu (D) 1.30 pu
SOL 1.25 Fault current for line-to-line fault is
I
f

Z Z
j E 3
a
1 2
=
+

.
4.33 pu
j
j
0 4
3 1
#
=
=
Answer Sheet
1.
(C)
6.
(A)
11.
(A)
16.
(B)
21.
(C)
2.
(C)
7.
(B)
12.
(A)
17.
(D)
22.
(A)
3.
(A)
8.
(A)
13.
(B)
18.
(C)
23.
(A)
4.
(D)
9.
(B)
14.
(B)
19.
(A)
24.
(C)
5.
(C)
10.
(C)
15.
(D)
20.
(C)
25.
(A)

Power Systems

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Test Paper-1

Power System Test Paper

Hence (C) is correct option.

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