Yds (Reading)
Yds (Reading)
Yds (Reading)
YDS
smail Deirmenci Birol etinkaya Nizamettin Er
NDEKLER
Read & Progress ........................................... 5 Reading Passages ........................................ 125 Answer Key ................................................... 227
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(1) UFO stands for Unidentified Flying Object. (2) It is any object flying in the sky which cannot be identified by the person who sees it. (3) Sometimes the object is investigated. (4) If people can still not figure out what the object is after an investigation, it is called a UFO. (5) Most scientists think that UFOs are things like meteors, satellites burning up, the planet Venus, flocks of birds, aircraft, car lights, weather balloons, reflections, or tricks. (6) One of the tricks is to make fake photos of flying objects. (7) Another trick is to put balloons with candles in little crates beneath them.
TARGET VOCABULARY object (noun) investigate investigation satellite trick candle require trip stuff fuel wing being vessel universe size pick slim identify figure out call (be called) reflection fake beneath entire mighty endure power station face raw solar space visible pretty
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(18) Despite the problems that we would face traveling to other star systems or galaxies, it is not impossible. (19) Perhaps there are beings that can travel at very fast speeds and have the technology and the raw materials to build vessels that can travel here from other solar systems. (20) And many people believe that the universe is too big for us to be the only ones out there and the only ones to travel in space. (21) However, it can be said that, when we think about the size and age of the visible universe, the chances of them picking our star and our planet seems pretty slim.
5
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
(8) The closest star to Earth (other than the Sun) is Alpha Centauri. (9) It's about 4 lightyears away. (10) Traveling at the speed of light is easy for a photon, but our fastest spacecraft, Voyager, travels at about 40,000 miles an hour. (11) To get there in twenty-five years would require traveling at more than 100 million miles an hour for the entire trip. (12) If you could travel at 100 million miles an hour you could make it to the Sun and back in about an hour and 45 minutes. (13) The spacecraft would have to be built of some mighty fine stuff to endure such speeds for such a length of time. (14) And there would be no repair shops on the way. (15) But the main problem for travel between stars is the fuel, the energy needed to get there. (16) To travel to a star 4 light-years away, we would need 100 times as much energy as our entire planet would use for a year. (17) We couldn't do it with nuclear fission because our spacecraft would have to carry thousands or millions of nuclear power plants on its wings.
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A. What do the following pronouns / possessive adjectives refer to? 1. them 2. it 3. it line 14 line 16 line 35 a) balloons a) the Sun a) to travel to a star 4 light years away a) other beings in space b) candles b) Alpha Centauri b) enduring great speeds for a long time
4. them
line 49
The term UFO is used only for the alien aircraft. 2. True False (Paragraph 1)
Some UFO sightings can be explained by natural phenomena. 3. True False (Paragraph 1)
There are some people who make fake objects that look like UFOs. 4. True False (Paragraph 1)
40,000 miles an hour is the fastest speed we can reach in space for now. 7. True False (Paragraph 2)
Finding the correct fuel seems to be a major problem for travel between stars. 8. True False (Paragraph 3)
We now know that there are beings in space that can travel at very fast speeds. 9. True False (Paragraph 3)
There are a lot of people who believe that we may not be the only beings in the universe. 10. True False (Paragraph 3)
The size and age of the visible universe is smaller than we expected in the past.
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C. Try to guess the meaning of the following words from the context. (They are underlined in the text.) 1. stands for line 1 2. flocks 3. crates 4. fine line 9 line 14 line 27 a) asks a) creatures a) boxes a) of good quality b) means b) groups b) birds b) cheap
D. How much do you remember? Try to answer the questions without consulting the text. 1. Which objects are called UFOs? (Paragraph 1) 1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. What is the closest star to Earth? (Paragraph 2) 2. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Why are we unable to travel to other stars at the moment? (Paragraph 2) 3. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. How fast are we supposed to travel to go to the Sun and come back in about an hour and 45 minutes? (Paragraph 2) 4. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________. 5. How fast does a photon travel? (Paragraph 2) 5. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________.
E.
Can we make the following inferences according to the text? Yes No 1. We dont have the necessary means to travel to other stars. (Paragraph 2) Yes No 2. We may build spacecraft that can travel at the speed of light in the near future. (Paragraph 2) Yes No 3. People can travel faster than 40,000 miles an hour in the future. (Paragraph 3) Yes No 4. It is certain that we are not alone in the universe. (Paragraph 3) Yes No 5. Other living beings in the universe may never find us. (Paragraph 3)
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F. Do you remember the target vocabulary? Find the correct answer. 1. Police are still ---- how the accident happened. A) calling C) facing B) investigating D) enduring E) picking
G. Focus on GRAMMAR: Relative Clauses with who, which and that When we want to give information about someone or something, we can use a clause after that noun. That clause is called a relative clause and starts with who, which or that. Example: I want to meet this politician who/ that wrote this book. I am reading a book which/ that was written by a famous politician. If we are talking about a person, the relative clause starts with who or that. If we are talking about a thing, the relative clause starts with which or that.
2. This is the kind of crisis that ---- us to give our full attention. A) endures C) requires E) picks 3. Meg stared at her ---- in the bedroom mirror and began to brush her hair. A) reflection B) object C) wing D) size E) satellite 4. John Hughes, the first Archbishop of New York, supported the construction of a ---- cathedral for the rapidly growing city. A) fake C) raw B) slim D) solar E) mighty B) investigates D) faces
5. In a recent experiment, scientists have found a bacterium ---- to the human eye. A) visible C) mighty E) fake 6. We are playing a(n) ---- on Gerard, who keeps bothering us. A) reflection C) trick B) size D) stuff E) object H. B) slim D) entire
Choose the correct option. a. A pilot who / which / that was flying over the Atlantic Ocean saw what he thought to be a UFO. Among thousands of UFOs who / which / that have been reported over the past forty years, less than 1% have been shown to be hoaxes. Some of the Americans who / which / that believe UFOs are real insist on having seen a UFO. A group of students who / which / that claim to have seen an alien aircraft called a local news channel. There are many myths, legends, and stories who / which / that tell of strange things in the sky.
b. 7. The man admitted using laser photocopiers to produce thousands of ---- banknotes. A) raw C) visible B) fake D) entire E) mighty c.
8. A fishing ---- and a cargo ship collided off the coast last night. A) object C) satellite E) stuff B) space D) vessel
d.
e.
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(11) Roman culture spread to Western Europe and the area around the Mediterranean Sea. (12) Its history has had such a big influence that Roman ideas about laws, government, art, literature, and language are still important to European culture today. (13) The Roman language, Latin, slowly evolved, becoming modern French, Spanish, Italian, and Romanian. (14) It also influenced many other languages like English.
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(15) Ancient Rome boasted impressive technological feats, using many advancements that were lost in the Middle Ages and not rivaled again until the 19th and 20th centuries. (16) An example of this is Insulated glazing, which was not invented again until the 1930s. (17) Many practical Roman innovations were adopted from earlier Greek designs. (18) Roman civil engineering and military engineering constituted a large part of Rome's technological superiority and legacy, and contributed to the construction of hundreds of roads, bridges, aqueducts, baths, theaters and arenas. (19) Many monuments, such as the Colosseum, Pont du Gard, and Pantheon, remain as testaments to Roman engineering and culture.
Read & Progress 22
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A. What do the following pronouns / possessive adjectives refer to? 1. it 2. its 3. it line 3 line 24 line 30 a) Italy a) Western Europes a) Latin b) Ancient Rome b) Roman cultures b) Romanian
B.
2. True
False (Paragraph 1)
3. True
False (Paragraph 1)
4. True
False (Paragraph 1)
The Western Empire came to an end before the Eastern Roman Empire.
5. True
False (Paragraph 1)
The Ottoman Empire fought a battle with the Western Empire in 1453.
6. True
False (Paragraph 2)
7. True
False (Paragraph 2)
8. True
False (Paragraph 3)
9. True
False (Paragraph 3)
10. True
False (Paragraph 3)
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C. Try to guess the meaning of the following words from the context. (They are underlined in the text.) 1. stretched 2. boasted 3. constituted 4. testaments line 8 line 32 line 41 line 47 a) extended a) copied a) made up a) denial b) invaded b) achieved b) excluded b) evidence
D. How much do you remember? Try to answer the questions without consulting the text. 1. 1. When and where did Ancient Rome begin? (Paragraph 1) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________.
2. 2.
3. 3.
Which languages did the Roman language, Latin, evolve into? (Paragraph 2) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________.
4. 4.
5. 5.
What are the examples of the monuments that remain as testaments to Roman engineering and culture? (Paragraph 3) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________.
E.
Can we make the following inferences according to the text? Yes No 1. Ancient Rome was the only civilization that grew fast in antiquity. (Paragraph 1) Yes No 2. The Eastern Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire are actually the same empires. (Paragraph 1) Yes No 3. The Visigoths were also a threat to the Ottoman Empire. (Paragraph 1) Yes No 4. Latin and English had an influence on each other. (Paragraph 2)
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F. Do you remember the target vocabulary? Find the correct answer. 1. There is a skyscraper under ---- in the city center. A) aqueduct C) feat B) territory D) legacy E) construction G. Focus on GRAMMAR: so that or such that? If we want to talk about the cause and effect relationship between two sentences, we can use so . that and such . that. So . that is used if the focus is on an adjective or adverb. Such . that is used if the focus is on a noun. Example: The film was so good that I watched it twice. It was such a good film that I watched it twice. Exception: So . that is used if many, much, few or little come before the noun . Example: I have so many friends that I never feel lonely.
2. The amphitheater is one of the many Greek ---- in Sicily. A) monuments C) kingdoms B) arts D) tribes E) civilizations
3. The government imposed a tax on fuels which ---- to global warming. A) contributed C) influenced B) ruled D) spread E) evolved
4. We were fascinated by the ---- view of the mountains. A) ancient C) permanent B) civil D) impressive E) practical
5. Feminist ideas ---- the law-makers in 1950s. A) invented C) influenced B) spread D) remained E) insulated
6. There are many people eager to ---- a baby. A) insulate C) rule B) adopt D) invent E) defeat
a.
In ancient Rome, salt was so / such a valuable commodity that Roman soldiers were paid money with which to buy salt. Ancient Rome was so / such a dirty city that, walking down the street, the bottom of your clothes would get dirty. Ancient Rome gave us so / such many innovations that they still influence our lives.
b.
7. The number of the indigenous Indian ---- is decreasing. A) feats C) innovations B) governments D) tribes E) advancements
c.
d. The country of ancient Rome was so / such large that its land was located on three continents. e.
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In ancient Rome, gladiators were so / such popular that their sweat was sold.
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READING PASSAGES
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1. - 4.sorular aadaki paraya gre cevaplaynz 2.
Passage 1
One learns from the passage that some viral infections ----. A) cure some diseases in humans, animals and even plants B) have been developed to treat other more dangerous infections C) can be good for general health D) can be avoided by getting vaccinated E) will certainly exterminate the human race
A virus is an invasive biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts. When infected by a virus, a host cell is forced to produce many thousands of identical copies of the original virus at an extraordinary rate. So far, over 5,000 species of viruses have been discovered. The origins of viruses are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmidspieces of DNA that can move between cellswhile others may have evolved from bacteria. A virus consists of two or three parts: genes, made from either DNA or RNA; a protein coat that protects the genes; and in some viruses, an envelope of fat that surrounds and protects them when they are not contained within a host cell. They spread in many different ways. Just as many viruses are very specific as to which host species or tissue they attack, each species of virus relies on a particular method for propagation. Plant viruses are often spread from plant to plant by insects and other organisms, known as vectors. Some viruses of animals, including humans, are spread by exposure to infected bodily fluids. Viral infections can cause disease in humans, animals and even plants. However, they are usually eliminated by the immune system, conferring lifetime immunity to the host for that virus. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, but antiviral drugs have been developed to treat life-threatening infections. Vaccines that produce lifelong immunity can prevent some viral infections.
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3.
According to the passage, viruses are invasive agents ----. A) that reproduce just outside the cells of living hosts B) are often unable to produce identical copies of the original C) against which no drugs are commercially available D) that cost millions of lives each year E) and they propagate extremely fast
1.
One point made in the passage is that viruses ----. A) surround and protect people during young ages B) had better be contained within a host cell for at least two days C) are selective about the tissues they attack D) have got one standard way of spreading E) cannot be spread from plant to plant by insects
4.
As stated in the passage, pieces of DNA that can move between cells ----. A) are thought to have evolved from plasmids B) might have been the ascendants of viruses C) consist mainly of two or three parts D) are known to have evolved from bacteria E) are made from either DNA or RNA
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Reading Passages
Passage 100
1. - 4.sorular aadaki paraya gre cevaplaynz
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2. According to the passage, round rollers have been used for a long time ----. A) but using sticks and logs to carry goods is a recent invention B) because they are known to be more efficient than ball bearings C) by people who are too lazy to carry their goods without help D) so that people can move or carry things more easily E) although dragging things across the ground would be much easier
Ever since man began to need to move things, he has used round rollers to make the job easier. Probably the first rollers were sticks or logs, which were a big improvement over dragging things across the ground, but still pretty hard work. Egyptians used logs to roll their huge blocks of stone for the pyramids. Eventually, someone came up with the idea of securing the roller to whatever was being moved, and built the first vehicle with wheels. However, these still had bearings made from materials rubbing on each other instead of rolling on each other. It wasnt until the late eighteenth century that the basic design for bearings was developed. In 1794, Welsh ironmaster Philip Vaughan patented a design for ball bearings to support the axle of a carriage. Development continued in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, spurred by the advancement of the bicycle and the automobile. There are thousands of sizes, shapes, and kinds of rolling bearings; ball bearings, roller bearings, needle bearings, and tapered roller bearings are the major kinds. Sizes run from small enough to run miniature motors to huge bearings used to support rotating parts in hydroelectric power plants; these large bearings can be ten feet in diameter and require a crane to install. The most common sizes can easily be held in one hand and are used in things like electric motors.
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3.
The author of the passage uses the words and vehicle and wheels in quotation marks to show that ----. A) he himself could have invented a better vehicle with better functioning wheels B) the reader should look up these words in a good dictionary C) he has no idea what he is talking about D) they are not in fact vehicles or wheels in the modern sense E) he is not sure about the time when these things were first made
1.
One point made in the passage is that the advancement of the bicycle and the automobile ----. A) removed the need for developing new bearing models B) contributed positively to the improvement of bearings C) slowed down the efforts to produce more efficient bearings D) helped develop miniature motors for smaller appliances E) made it easier to transport ball bearings in large containers
4.
As stated by the author, one major aw in early bearings was that they ----. A) had materials that did not roll on each other B) could only roll huge blocks of stone C) were not suitable for large bicycles and automobiles D) lacked a valid design require for an international patent E) were ten feet in diameter and require a crane to install
Reading Passages
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ANSWER KEY
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READ & PROGRESS 1 READ & PROGRESS 2 READ & PROGRESS 3
A.
1A 2B 3A 4A
A.
1A 2A 3B 4B 5A B. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False 6. True 7. True 8. False 9. True 10. True
A.
1B 2B 3A 4B 5A 6A
B.
1. False 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. False 6 True 7. True 8. False 9. True 10. False
B.
1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. False 7. True 8. True 9.False 10. True
C.
1B 2B 3A 4A
C.
1B 2A 3A 4B
C.
1B 2A 3B
D.
1. It is an object flying in the sky which cannot be identified after an investigation. Alpha Centauri. We dont have the proper spacecraft and we are unable to produce the energy that is needed. 100 million miles an hour. At the speed of light.
D.
1. They were Mark Zuckerbergs college roommates and fellow computer science students. They started Facebook together. 13 years old and over. They can make a personal profile, add other users as friends, and send messages. They may also join user groups. It comes from the name for the book given to students at the start of the school year by some universities in the United States. People being able to see personal information that other people post and companies and advertisers being able to see users personal information.
D.
1. During the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 19th century. Our modern life style, forest fires, dust storms and volcano eruptions. It forms when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide get into the air. Thousands of people died every year. Factories use coal that doesnt have much sulphur in it. In some cities, cars arent even allowed to drive on smog days.
2. 3.
2.
2. 3.
3.
4. 5.
4. 5.
E.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Yes No Yes No Yes 4.
F.
1A 2C 3A 4E 5A 6C 7B 8D
5.
E.
H.
a. b. c. d. e. who / that which / that who / that who / that which / that
E.
1. Yes 2. No 3. No 4. No 5. Yes
F.
1B 2E 3E 4A 5D 6C 7C 8E
H.
a. thats why b. thats why c. as a result of d. thats why e. as a result of
F.
1E 2C 3A 4B 5E 6E 7B 8D
H.
a. Moreover b. However c. However d. Moreover e. However
Reading Passages
228
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READING PASSAGES
Passage 1
1C 2D 3E 4B
Passage 13
1C 2D 3A 4E
Passage 25
1D 2B 3E 4D
Passage 37
1E 2A 3D 4A
Passage 2
1E 2B 3B 4D
Passage 14
1A 2E 3A 4B
Passage 26
1C 2B 3C 4E
Passage 38
1B 2D 3E 4A
Passage 3
1D 2B 3A 4E
Passage 15
1C 2A 3C 4D
Passage 27
1A 2D 3B 4C
Passage 39
1D 2A 3C 4C
Passage 4
1C 2A3 E 4A
Passage 16
1C 2A 3E 4A
Passage 28
1B 2C 3E 4C
Passage 40
1C 2D 3A 4E
Passage 5
1E 2B 3E 4D
Passage 17
1C 2D 3A 4C
Passage 29
1E 2D 3B 4A
Passage 41
1E 2E 3A 4C
Passage 6
1E 2B 3D 4A
Passage 18
1C 2B 3A 4E
Passage 30
1B 2B 3D 4E
Passage 42
1E 2B 3C 4D
Passage 7
1A 2A 3C 4C
Passage 19
1D 2C 3B 4A
Passage 31
1B 2C 3D 4C
Passage 43
1D 2E 3B 4B
Passage 8
1A 2B 3D 4D
Passage20
1A 2A 3C 4D
Passage 32
1B 2B 3E 4B
Passage 44
1E 2B 3A 4A
Passage 9
1C 2D 3A 4A
Passage 21
1C 2C 3D 4B
Passage 33
1A 2D 3C 4C
Passage 45
1A 2B 3D 4D
Passage 10
1A 2C 3E 4B
Passage 22
1D 2A 3B 4C
Passage 34
1C 2B 3E 4D
Passage 46
1D 2B 3A 4C
Passage 11
1C 2C 3D 4D
Passage 23
1C 2A 3C 4E
Passage 35
1C 2D 3D 4A
Passage 47
1A 2E 3C 4A
Passage 12
1A 2B 3C 4E
Passage 24
1A 2D 3D 4E
Passage 36
1E 2A 3C 4A
Passage 48
1A 2A 3C 4A
ANSWER KEY
238
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Passage 62
1C 2C 3B 4E
Passage 75
1E 2A 3C 4B
Passage 88
1D 2E 3B 4A
Passage 50
1E 2D 3A 4C
Passage 63
1A 2C 3E 4B
Passage 76
1A 2C 3D 4D
Passage 89
1B 2C 3D 4E
Passage 51
1E 2C 3C 4B
Passage 64
1A 2E 3D 4D
Passage 77
1C 2A 3E 4B
Passage 90
1B 2B 3E 4A
Passage 91 Passage 52
1B 2A 3C 4B
Passage 65
1C 2D 3B 4C
Passage 78
1D 2A 3E 4C
1A 2D 3C 4D
Passage 92 Passage 53
1B 2A 3E 4C
Passage 66
1C 2D 3E 4E
Passage 79
1E 2C 3A 4B
1B 2E 3B 4A
Passage 93 Passage 54
1E 2D 3B 4C
Passage 67
1C 2B 3C 4E
Passage 80
1A 2E 3C 4D
1E 2C 3D 4A
Passage 94 Passage 55
1B 2E 3A 4D
Passage 68
1B 2B 3A 4B
Passage 81
1B 2D 3C 4A
1A 2D 3A 4D
Passage 95
1A 2D 3B 4A
Passage 56
1E 2C 3A 4C
Passage 69
1D 2B 3A 4D
Passage 82
1D 2A 3C 4D
Passage 96
1B 2A 3B 4E
Passage 57
1E 2A 3D 4D
Passage 70
1B 2B 3E 4D
Passage 83
1E 2A 3E 4C
Passage 97
1D 2E 3C 4A
Passage 58
1B 2B 3B 4E
Passage 71
1D 2C 3E 4B
Passage 84
1C 2D 3B 4A
Passage 98
1D 2E 3C 4B
Passage 59
1A 2C 3C 4C
Passage 72
1D 2E 3E 4A
Passage 85
1E 2A 3B 4D
Passage 99
1A 2A 3C 4E
Passage 60
1A 2C 3B 4A
Passage 73
1B 2E 3A 4A
Passage 86
1A 2A 3E 4C
Passage 100
1B 2D 3D 4A
Passage 61
1A 2D 3C 4B
Passage 74
1D 2B 3C 4A
Passage 87
1D 2E 3D 4B
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ANSWER KEY