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    Seeds and Germination - : Seed Structure

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    Sundari Murugan
    A seed consists of an embryo and food reserves stored in cotyledons. In dicotyledonous plants, the seed contains a miniature plant embryo with a shoot plumule, root radicle, and two modified leaves called cotyledons that store food. The seed coat called a testa protects the embryo. During germination, water is absorbed through a micropyle opening, tissues swell, and the radicle grows out first followed by elongation of either the hypocotyl or epicotyl to bring the plumule above ground, deriving energy from food reserves in the cotyledons.

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    Seeds and Germination - : Seed Structure

    Uploaded by

    Sundari Murugan
    199 views1 page
    A seed consists of an embryo and food reserves stored in cotyledons. In dicotyledonous plants, the seed contains a miniature plant embryo with a shoot plumule, root radicle, and two modified leaves called cotyledons that store food. The seed coat called a testa protects the embryo. During germination, water is absorbed through a micropyle opening, tissues swell, and the radicle grows out first followed by elongation of either the hypocotyl or epicotyl to bring the plumule above ground, deriving energy from food reserves in the cotyledons.

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    seed germination

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    Germination.doc

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    A seed consists of an embryo and food reserves stored in cotyledons. In dicotyledonous plants, the seed contains a miniature plant embryo with a shoot plumule, root radicle, and two modified leaves called cotyledons that store food. The seed coat called a testa protects the embryo. During germination, water is absorbed through a micropyle opening, tissues swell, and the radicle grows out first followed by elongation of either the hypocotyl or epicotyl to bring the plumule above ground, deriving energy from food reserves in the cotyledons.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    199 views1 page

    Seeds and Germination - : Seed Structure

    Uploaded by

    Sundari Murugan
    A seed consists of an embryo and food reserves stored in cotyledons. In dicotyledonous plants, the seed contains a miniature plant embryo with a shoot plumule, root radicle, and two modified leaves called cotyledons that store food. The seed coat called a testa protects the embryo. During germination, water is absorbed through a micropyle opening, tissues swell, and the radicle grows out first followed by elongation of either the hypocotyl or epicotyl to bring the plumule above ground, deriving energy from food reserves in the cotyledons.

    Copyright:

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    ' (eed structure

    Seeds and germination - seed structure


    A seed is the product of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. In dicotyledonous plants the seed consists of a miniature plant, the embryo and two modified leaves, the cotyledons, swollen with food reserves. testa cotyledons
    plumule plumule radicle micropyle cotyledon epicotyl cotyledon stalk hypocotyl radicle

    (a) Longitudinal section

    (b) Diagram of seed structure

    Fig.1 Seed structure of a dicotyledon Testa The seed coat; encloses and protects the seed from insects and fungi. It is usually hard and dry. Micropyle Hole which admits water when the seed starts to germinate. Plumule The embryo shoot; two leaves and a growing point. Cotyledons Modified leaves containing food reserves. Radicle mbryo root.

    Epicotyl The section of stem above the cotyledon stal!. Hypocotyl The section of stem below the cotyledon stal!. Germination is the process by which the embryo grows and develops, eventually becoming a fully mature plant. The pattern of germination is similar in most dicotyledonous seeds. "hen the seed is shed, it is usually dry and hard, containing very little water. In this dehydrated state it is best suited to withstand drought and extreme temperatures. "hen conditions become suitable for germination, the seed ta!es in water through its micropyle. The tissues absorb water and swell and the testa becomes soft. The radicle grows first, pushing though the testa and entering the soil. #ext, either the hypocotyl or the epicotyl, depending on the species, starts to elongate and carry the plumule upwards through the soil. longation of the epicotyl brings the embryo out from between the cotyledons and through the soil, leaving the cotyledons below ground. longation of the hypocotyl brings the cotyledons and the plumule above ground. "hichever pattern of germination occurs, the energy and raw materials re$uired for growth come from the food %usually starch& stored in the cotyledon.
    ) *.+. Mac!ean

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