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    Guava

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    karambajwa04
    This document provides information on guava cultivation including climate requirements, soil type, common varieties, propagation methods, planting, training, fertilizer application, irrigation, pest and disease management, and harvesting. It states that guava grows best in tropical and subtropical regions with temperatures between 23-28°C, rainfall of 100-250 cm, and soils ranging from sandy loam to clay that are well-drained. Common pests include fruit flies and mealybugs, while diseases like wilt and fruit rot can affect guava trees and yields.

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    Guava

    Uploaded by

    karambajwa04
    145 views15 pages
    This document provides information on guava cultivation including climate requirements, soil type, common varieties, propagation methods, planting, training, fertilizer application, irrigation, pest and disease management, and harvesting. It states that guava grows best in tropical and subtropical regions with temperatures between 23-28°C, rainfall of 100-250 cm, and soils ranging from sandy loam to clay that are well-drained. Common pests include fruit flies and mealybugs, while diseases like wilt and fruit rot can affect guava trees and yields.

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    This document provides information on guava cultivation including climate requirements, soil type, common varieties, propagation methods, planting, training, fertilizer application, irrigation, pest and disease management, and harvesting. It states that guava grows best in tropical and subtropical regions with temperatures between 23-28°C, rainfall of 100-250 cm, and soils ranging from sandy loam to clay that are well-drained. Common pests include fruit flies and mealybugs, while diseases like wilt and fruit rot can affect guava trees and yields.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    145 views15 pages

    Guava

    Uploaded by

    karambajwa04
    This document provides information on guava cultivation including climate requirements, soil type, common varieties, propagation methods, planting, training, fertilizer application, irrigation, pest and disease management, and harvesting. It states that guava grows best in tropical and subtropical regions with temperatures between 23-28°C, rainfall of 100-250 cm, and soils ranging from sandy loam to clay that are well-drained. Common pests include fruit flies and mealybugs, while diseases like wilt and fruit rot can affect guava trees and yields.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    GUAVA

    Psidium guajava
    Climate:
     cultivated both under tropical and subtropical
    conditions
     altitude of 1,000-1,500 meters.
     Optimum temperature requirement is 23-28OC
     Rainfall- 100-250 cm

    Soil:
     Well-drained, light sandy loam to clay soils
     sensitive to waterlogged conditions.
     pH from 4.5 to 8.5.
     varieties like Lucknow- 49 can be grown in
    saline soils also
    Varieties
    • Red fleshed and white fleshed
    • Seeded and seedless
    1. Allahabad safeda, 2. Lucknow-49, 3. Arka Mridula 4. Red fleshed
    and 5.Allahabad Surkha

    1. Nagapur seedless, 2. Saharanpur seedless, 3. kohir safeda 4. Saefd


    jam

    Varieties in punjab
    1. Punjab safeda
    2. Shweta
    3. Punjab apple guava
    4. Punjab pink
    5. Arka amulya
    6. Sardar
    Propagation:
    Propagation Guava is commercially propagated by improved patch (retaining 2
    buds on a patch) budding.
    Portugal rootstock of guava is most suitable for Sardar and Allahabad Sufeda
    varieties,
    • imparts vigour and wilt tolerance
    Rootstock Raising:
    • seeds of cv. Sardar or Purtugal are sown on raised seed beds of 2m×1m size in
    August
    • transplanting after six months
    • budding is done when these seedlings attain a diameter of 1.0 to 1.2 cm at
    about 15 cm height.
    Budding : The best time for patch budding is May and June
     A rectangular patch of bark (2.5×1.0 cm) with two buds is removed from
    the scion stick
     It is then fixed on the exposed portion of the rootstock and tied
    immediately with the polythene strip leaving both the buds uncovered

    Planting :
     Planted in February-March or August September with earthballs
     Spacing of 6m×5m
     132 plants can be accomodated in one acre.
    Training and Pruning
     Modified leader system of training is generally followed.
     Flowers and fruits borne on current season’s growth, upto 10 cm tip removal encourage new
    shoots after the harvest.
     Dead, diseased, intercrossing branches and suckers are removed

    Rejuvenation of Senile Guava Trees


     Head back trees at 1.5 m from the ground level in the month of March leaving 2-3 primary
    scaffolds and apply Bordeaux paste on the cut ends.
     In August-September, thin out the crowded and intermingled shoots and prune 50 percent
    portion of the newly emerged remaining shoots from the top to develop proper frame work of
    rejuvenated trees.
     Good yield during third year of rejuvenation.
    Manures and Fertilizers
    Age of tree (years) Farmyard manure Dose per tree (g)
    (kg/tree)
    Urea SSP MOP

    1-3 10-20 150-200 500-1500 100-400


    4-6 25-40 300-600 1500-2000 600-1000

    7-10 40-50 750-1000 2000-2500 1100-1500

    Above 10 50 1000 2500 1500

    Farmyard manure should be applied in May. Application of 20 kg Paddy straw manure can be
    used as a subsititue of Farm Yard Manure to full grown guava plants. Half of the inorganic
    fertilizers should be applied in May-June and the remaining half in September-October
    Irrigation
    plants need irrigation
    at weekly interval during summer months and
    2-3 irrigations during winter months.

    Drip irrigation schedule for guava orchards


    ecommended for guava planted at 6×5 m spacing 35-40%
    irrigation of water can be saved

    Weed Control
    Light cultivation of the field
    application of paddy straw @4.0 tons per acre
    Crop Regulation
    Guava gives two crops in a year. Winter season crop is superior in
    quality than rainy season crop, as rainy crop may get infested with
    fruit flies. In order to get only winter season crop, the following methods
    may be adopted
    a) Spray urea 10 per cent or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) @ of 600 mg/litre
    during May,
    b) Pruning of terminal portions of the shoots upto 20 or 30 cm between 20th to
    30th April
    c) Withhold irrigation during April-May.
    d) Apply fertilizers during June to encourage growth in July August for getting
    maximum flowering during August September for winter season crop

    Bagging technique for rainy season fruits


    Good quality mature green hard fruits of rainy season guava can be produced by covering with white
    non-woven bags at the end of June to middle of July.
    Harvesting and Post-Harvest
    Handling
     Guava fruit is climacteric in nature and should be
    picked when it is mature but firm. When picked
    at this stage, it ripens to give excellent taste and
    flavour.
     Guava is highly perishable fruit and should be
    marketed immediately after harvest. Harvested
    fruits are cleaned, graded and packed preferably
    in CFB cartons of sizes ranging from 4-10 kg.
     Fruits can be stored for three weeks in CFB
    cartons in commercial cold storage at 0-3.3oC
    and RH of 85-90%.
    Processing of
    guava
     A high-quality natural jelly is obtained from guava.
     Processed guava pulp is an excellent raw material for preparation of
    various other guava products.
     Guava juice, blended beverages, guava wine, guava powder, jam,
    toffee are some important products of guava.
     Guava bar is developed by ciphet. The guava bar is a unique
    preparation of CIPHET and it is not commercially done so far. The
    fruits, which are rich in nutrients but are not accepted due to high
    acidity or poor taste and flavour was blended to improve its
    acceptability and make use of available nutrients. Processing of this
    fruit into blended fruit bar or fruit leather added value to this fruit
    by 3 – 4 times. The texture and overall acceptability of blended
    guava bar were highly proffered than its plain guava bar. The
    compositional details of guava bar are: Moisture: 15%, Vitamin C:
    120 mg/100g, Acidity: 1.08%, Reducing sugar: 14%, Non-reducing
    sugar: 46%, Total sugar: 60%, Weight of each bar: 5-10 gm,
    Preservative: KSM (Potassium Meta bisulphide: 0.2%). Per kg of
    guava 250 to 300 gm bar.
    Insect
    Pests
    1. Fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera zonata): 2. Guava shoot borer (Microcolona technographa): It is
    lay the eggs at colour break stage of fruits in the soft epicarp. serious under nursery conditions. It damages the tender
    the maggots bore further into fruits and feed on soft pulp shoots of nursery plants of guava.
    infested fruits show depressions with dark green punctures • Side sprouting of the vegetative buds just below the
    infested fruits rot and fall down.
    larval gallery produce lateral shoots and plants give
    Protection measures:
    • Covering of green fruits in bushy look.
    rainy season.
    • Avoid taking rainy season crop
    • do not allow the ripe fruits on the tree • Secondly, infested shoots dry up which can be located
    • Fix PAU fruit fly traps @16 traps/acre in the first week of July
    from a distance by the presence of fine black frass on
    the leaves/shoot parts beneath the site of infestation.
    Insect pests
    3. Mealybugs : Ferrisia virgata, Planococcus lilacinus and
    Nipaecoccus Ferrisia virgata is the major species as compared
    to other mealybugs.
    The nymphs of these mealybugs suck cell sap from the
    different parts of the plant like leaves, tender shoots, twigs,
    branches and fruits.
    Heavy infestation encourages the growth of sooty mould due
    to which the trees become black in colour. All these
    mealybugs hibernate on the twigs, branches and shoots of
    trees.
    Diseases
    1. Wilt (Fusarium sp., Cephalosporium sp. Rhizoctonia sp.): Symptoms
    appear on the infected trees many months after their roots are attacked by
    the fungi. Sparse foliage, denuded branches, yellowing of leaves and wilting
    are the important symptoms.
    (i)Use Sardar or Purtugal seedlings as a rootstock for budding plants. (ii) Plant
    guava in a well drained field. Avoid too heavy soils. (iii) Uproot and burn the
    wilted trees alongwith all the roots. (iv) Drench the soil in the pit with 2 per cent
    Formalin solution and cover with Sarkanda

    2. Fruit rot/Anthracnose or Die- back (Gloeosporium psidii and Phytophthora


    parasitica; Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp.) : Fully mature fruits are more prone. Circular,
    slightly sunken, brown spots with definite margins appear on the fruits. The centre of a lesion
    has a pink sticky spore-mass, characteristic of the anthracnose disease. Fruits rot completely
    within 2 to 3 days.
    Protection measures
    (i) Rain or irrigation water should not be allowed to stand in the basin around the tree. (ii) After
    pruning, spray the trees with Bordeaux mixture (2:2::250) or 300 gm Blitox in 100 litres of
    water. (iii) The rotten and mumified fruits which fall on the ground should be burried deep into
    the soil. (iv) Avoid bruising of the fruits.
    Thank You

    Karamvir Kaur Bajwa


    Adm. No. L-2020-H-037-BIV
    Bsc. (hons) Horticulture

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