CS1 Epoxy Curing Agents

Epoxy Additives for Adhesives Applications
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ................................1
Two-Component Adhesives...........2-5
Top Epoxy Additives Recommendations ......2 Typical Handling Properties..........................2 Typical Performance Properties ...................3 Comparison Charts.......................................4 Curing Agent Selector Guide ........................5
One-Component Adhesives..........68
Top Curing Agent Recommendations...........6 Dicyandiamide Grades..................................6 Substituted Ureas .........................................7 Curing Agent Selector Guide ........................8 Starting Formulations..................back pocket
Mention the word epoxy, and people think glue. Epoxies have been used as adhesives for decades because their chemical structure and resulting properties are well-suited for adhesive applications. Epoxies are also relatively easy to process, and therefore have earned themselves a workhorse reputation among common adhesive chemistries. Epoxy-based adhesive formulations offer outstanding adhesion to a wide variety of substrates, and effectively bond many dissimilar surfaces. They impart tremendous physical strength to finished products, making epoxies ideal for load-bearing (or structural) adhesives. Epoxies shrink very little during cure, and can be formulated to provide excellent resistance to chemicals, moisture and heat, making them a more robust choice than many other resin types. They are suitable for use in 100% solids and water-based formulations, and they display good wetting characteristics on properly prepared substrates. Epoxy adhesives are extremely versatile, as they can be formulated with a vast array of curing agents, additives and fillers to meet varying processing conditions and performance requirements. Such versatility is valuable within the adhesives market. Consider dozens of substrate types, varying cure conditions, distinct form requirements (pastes, liquids, films, etc.), different packaging options (one-component versus twocomponent) and wide-ranging performance criteriathe resulting combinations are countless. Once epoxy chemistry has been selected for an adhesives job, a whole new set of choices emerge, such as which curing agent to use and what additives are neededthe list goes on and on.
Air Products has been a major supplier of technologies to the adhesives industry for over 30 years. Today, we offer an unparalleled range of epoxy products to meet the diverse needs of adhesive formulators, including: Polyamides Amidoamines Aliphatic Amines Cycloaliphatic Amines Diluents Tertiary Amines Dicyandiamide Substituted Ureas Imidazoles Modifiers Our novel technologies are marketed under the Amicure, Ancamine, Ancamide, Epodil, Imicure, Dicyanex, Nourybond, and Curezol* trade names. The products are used in one-component (1K) and twocomponent (2K) adhesive applications, as well as in automotive plastisol formulations.** The purpose of this guide is to serve as a resource for selecting curing agents, accelerators and/or diluents for epoxybased adhesive formulations.
INTRODUCTION
*Curezol is a registered trademark of Shikoku Chemicals Corporation. **For more information on our Nourybond adhesion promoters for automotive plastisol formulations, please see our publication High Performance Adhesion Promoters for Automotive Plastisols.
TWO-COMPONENT ADHESIVES
The term two-component (or 2K, the K derived from the German spelling of the word komponent) indicates that the curing agent portion and the epoxy resin portion of the adhesive formulation are packaged separately. The two are kept separate until ready to use, because when combined under ambient environmental conditions they will react either partially or completely. There are many different end use market applications for 2K adhesives, including automotive, aerospace, electrical insulation and general industrial markets. Air Products
offers a broad selection of materials from which the two-component epoxy adhesive formulator can choose. These products provide a selection of performance and handling properties as diverse as the formulation needs themselves. Our 2K product line includes polyamides, amidoamines, aliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, diluents and modifiers. While there are many products within our line suitable for use in 2K adhesive applications, our top recommendations are highlighted below. In order to better understand the capabilities of each curing agent, please refer to the following charts and tables for
typical handling and performance properties. Additionally, a set of starting point formulations is located in the back pocket of this brochure. These formulations contain even more specific handling and performance data.
Polyamides
Polyamides are the standard class of hardeners used to cure epoxy resins for 2K adhesives. These low-toxicity, ambient-cure products impart excellent flexibility and good toughnesscritical attributes for many 2K adhesive formulations. Polyamides are typically high in viscosity, have long pot lives and provide good water/corrosion resistance.
Air Products Epoxy Additives for 2K Adhesive FormulationsTop Recommendations

Aliphatics Ancamine 1922A Ancamine 1768 Ancamine 1769 Ancamine 2205 Ancamine 2390 Polyamides Ancamide 910 Ancamide 2482 Ancamide 2424 Ancamide 260A Ancamide 350A Amidoamines Ancamide 520 Cycloaliphatics Ancamine 2264 Tertiary Amines Ancamine K-54 Diluents Epodil 748 Epodil 749 Epodil 750 Modifiers Epodil L
Typical Handling Properties

Curing Agent AHEW Viscosity(1) (cps, 25 C) Mix Viscosity(2) (cps, 25 C) 510 2,820 4,170 14,000 1,910 6,640 10,500 20,000 19,100 13,800 630 6,300
(3) (4)
Gel Time(3) minutes (150g, 25 C) 77 7 30 6 25 120 130 60 120 170 130 154
(5)
TFST(4) hours (6 mil, 25 C) 1.5 1.5 2.5 1.0 5.2 8.3 7.0 3.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 5.2
% Cure(5) (1-Day) 89 84 78 54 87 96 83 72 75 62 73 64
% Cure(5) (7-Day) 94 88 86 63 92 99 90 83 90 80 87 74
Aliphatic Amines Ancamine 1922A Ancamine 1768 Ancamine 1769 Ancamine 2205 Ancamine 2390 Polyamides Ancamide 910 Ancamide 2482 Ancamide 2424 Ancamide 260A Ancamide 350A Amidoamines Ancamide 520 Cycloaliphatic Amines Ancamine 2264
(1) (2)
55 95 48 95 204 230 125 114 120 100 90 54
10 220 600 3,500 1,200 6,000 5,500 14,000 40,000 11,000 175 2,600
ASTM D 455-83, Brookfield RV ASTM D 455-83, Brookfield RV; w/ liquid DGEBA, EEW=190
Techne GT-4 Gelation Timer BK Drying recorder
DSC analysis, 10 C/min ramp
More recently developed polyamides provide lower viscosity, better compatibility with epoxy resins and better cure profiles under adverse conditions than standard polyamides.
Aliphatic Amines
Aliphatic amines typically provide the 2K adhesives formulator with fast reactivity and are therefore often used as accelerators for other curing agents. Many can be cured at either ambient or elevated temperatures. They are relatively moisture insensitive with good chemical resistance, particularly to solvents. Mechanical strengths of an aliphatic aminecured system are generally high. For heatcure applications, most aliphatic amines provide good elevated temperature performance, very good chemical resistance and good electrical properties.
Amidoamines
Amidoamines as a class of curing agents are low in viscosity and vary in reactivity from fast to ultra-slow. They exhibit very good adhesion (particularly to concrete and other porous substrates) due to their chemical structure. They also cure extremely well under humid conditions. DOT noncorrosive versions of several standard amidoamines are available.
well as excellent color and color stability. They cure well at low temperatures, even under damp conditions. Within the cycloaliphatic family exists a range of cure times, cure schedules (ambient vs. heat cure) and pot lives. For heat-cure applications, cycloaliphatic amines provide high glass transition temperatures, excellent chemical resistance and strong mechanical performance.
Reactive Diluents
Monofunctional and difunctional glycidyl ethers reduce the viscosity of typical epoxy resins without causing significant changes in final physical properties of adhesive formulations. Their benefits include improved ease of application and improved pigment/ filler wetting.
Cycloaliphatic Amines
Cycloaliphatic amines provide good adhesion and very good chemical resistance, as
Typical Performance Properties

Curing Agent Tensile Strength(1) (psi) Tensile Tensile Flexural Modulus(1) Elongation(1) Strength(2) (Kpsi) (% at (psi) Break) Flexural Hardness(3) Glass (2) Modulus (Shore D) Transition (psi) Temp(4) C (7-Day @25 C) 470 590 610 540 130 410 460 260 360 410 460
(4) (5)
Glass Transition Temp(4) C (30-min@ 120 C) 77 74 103 76 38 19 78 83 96 97 83 128
Water Absorption(5) % (7-Day @ 25 C)
Water Absorption(5) % (30-min @120 C)
Aliphatic Amines Ancamine 1922A Ancamine 1768 Ancamine 1769 Ancamine 2205 Ancamine 2390 Polyamides Ancamide 910 Ancamide 2482 Ancamide 2424 Ancamide 260A Ancamide 350A Amidoamines Ancamide 520 Ancamine 2264* 7,900 11,900 420 480
(2) (3)
9,000 11,500 2,000 3,236 1,000 9,400 4,400 5,300 4,400
470 490 790 120 140 370 590 310 510
6 4 4.2 54 100 6 1 5 1 3
13,500 15,900 5,240 3,960 4,380 15,800 6,800 12,500 11,600 13,800 21,100
ASTM D790-86 ASTM D2240-86
82 82 80 70 72 57 77 84 85 84 82 87
49 52 58 57 52 22 46 57 43 49 53 56
1.70 1.30 0.95 1.75 2.39 3.62 2.27 1.39 1.99 1.33 1.55 0.71
1.58 1.18 1.47 1.21 2.34 3.65 1.22 1.18 1.49 1.48 1.61 0.76
Cycloaliphatic Amines
*These test specimens were cured at 120 C for 30 minutes (1) ASTM D638-86
ASTM D3418-82 Water weight gain (%) after 7 days @ 41 C cure
Unless otherwise specified, tests requiring a formulated system were comprised of standard liquid epoxy DGEBA resin mixed with a stoichiometric amount of curing agent. The formulations were cured for 7 days at 25 C/50% relative humidity. Tensile and flexural strength tests were conducted using the following model adhesive formulation with mix ratio for A:B using a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. Hardness, glass transition temperature and water absorption tests were conducted on neat DGEBA liquid resin/amine curing agent mixtures, using a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio.
Part A: Standard DGEBA Liquid Epoxy Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)(2)

(1) (2)
Part B: Curing Agent 60 parts 50 parts Aluminum (Toyal 101)(3) 22 parts Talc (Microtuff 325F) 27 parts Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720) 1 part
Talc (Microtuff 325F)(1) 38 parts 2 parts
Microtuff 325F is manufactured by Barretts Minerals, Inc. Cab-O-Sil TS-720 is manufactured by Cabot Corporation (3) Toyal 101 is manufactured by Toyal-America
TWO-COMPONENT ADHESIVES TOP CURING AGENT RECOMMENDATIONS

Typical Handling Properties
COLOR (Gardner)
Low
AHEW
Low
VISCOSITY
Low
MIXED VISCOSITY
Low
1 2 3
1922A 1769 1768 2390
50 75 100
1769 2264 1922A
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000
1922A 520,1768, 1769 2390 2264 2205 2482 910
2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
1922A,520 2390,1768
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2205 125 910 2482,520 260A,350A 2424 2264 150 175 200 225 250 300
High High
520,1768 2205,350A 2424,260A 2482
2264 910
2482
350A 2205
2390 910
11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 40,000
350A
16,000 18,000 20,000
2424 22,000 260A

High
260A 2424
24,000
High
GEL TIME
Shortest 2205 1768 20 2390,1769
THIN FILM SET TIME

Shortest
% CURE (1 DAY)
Most
% CURE (7 DAYS)
Most
1 2 3
2205 1768 1922A
100 910 90 1922A, 2390 1768, 2482 80 260A,520 2424
100
910 1922A 2390 260A, 2482 1768, 520 2424 350A 2264
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Longest
2424 1769 2390 2264
90
2424 1922A 4 5 6 260A 2482 350A 910 2264 350A 11 12 7 8 9 10 260A 350A 520 2482 910 60 70
80
70 2264 350A 2205 60
2205 50 50
Longest
Least
Least
TWO-COMPONENT EPOXY ADHESIVE CURING AGENT SELECTOR GUIDE
Ancamide 520
Amidoamine
Ancamine 1922A
Best thermal shock resistance Best electrical properties Ultra-low viscosity (~10 cps)
Lower Viscosity
175 cps Cost-effective
Ancamide 2264
Improved Chemical Resistance Highest Tg with heat cure Excellent chemical resistance Good toughness
Improved electricals, thermal shock resistance and viscosity
Ancamide 2482
Best general-purpose polyamide for adhesive applications Excellent adhesion, good flexibility Faster Cure
Traditional Polyamides
Low viscosity Cost-effective
Ancamide 2424
Increased reactivity/rapid strength development Enhanced low-temperature cure
Ancamide 350A
Good flexibility and adhesion ~11,000 cps 55 phr
Improved Flexibility
Ancamide 1769
Rapid ambient or heat cure No plasticizers or VOCs Good electrical insulation properties Dot noncorrosive Low PHR (25)
Ancamide 910
Outstanding flexibility (100% elongation) Best-in-class peel strength (>40 pli) Excellent thermal shock resistance Good electrical properties
Ancamide 260A
Good flexibility and adhesion ~40,000 cps 65 phr
Ancamine 1788
Fast curing aliphatic amine 220 cps
Ancamine 2390
Flexible hardener allowing 1:1 mix ratio High elongation, tear resistance and toughness
10-minute gel time
Ancamine 2205
Fast curing aliphatic amine 3,600 cps 6-minute gel time
ONE-COMPONENT ADHESIVES
Within the world of adhesives, the term one-component (or 1K) indicates that the curing agent and resin are packaged together as a single unit by the formulator, and will remain stable (i.e. will not react) until the appropriate environmental conditions are applied. Major market applications for one-component adhesives include automotive, aerospace, microelectronics and electrical
insulation compounds. Air Products provides an extensive line of one-component epoxy curing agents, allowing epoxy formulators to meet a vast array of adhesive challenges with innovative chemistries. Our product offerings in this area include dicyandiamide, dicyandiamide accelerators and latent hardeners.
Air Products Epoxy Additives for 1K Adhesive FormulationsTop Recommendations

Aliphatics Ancamine 2014AS Ancamine 2014FG Ancamine 2337S Ancamine 2441 Dicyandiamide Amicure CG-325 Amicure CG-1200 Amicure CG-1400 Dicyanex 200X Dicyanex 325 Dicyanex 1200 Dicyanex 1400 Imidazoles Imicure AMI-2 Imicure EMI-24 Curezol 2E4MZ Curezol 1B2MZ Curezol C17Z Curezol 2MZ-Azine Curezol 2PZ Curezol 2MA-OK Tertiary Amines Amicure DBU-E Amicure BDMA Ureas Amicure UR Amicure UR2T Amicure UR-S
the name Dicyanex contain 2.5% by weight Dicyandiamide (also referred to as dicy for of the inert flow control agent. The only short) is considered to be the workhorse of exception is Dicyanex 200X, which does all 1K epoxy curing agents due to its ease of not contain any flow control agent. use, excellent performance properties, long While dicy performance properties are in shelf stability and low toxicity. Dicy is suphigh demand, at times its activation temperplied in a white crystalline powder form. Air ature is too high for the formulators desired Products offers a broad selection of grades efficiency. Therefore, dicy is often used in from which to choose. The grades vary pri- conjunction with an accelerator in order to marily in terms of particle size, but also in lower its activation temperature while mainthe amount of flow control agent present. taining or enhancing the resulting physical Our dicy grades marketed under the trade performance of the adhesive. Accelerators name Amicure contain 0.5% by weight of include modified aliphatic amines, imidazoles an inert flow control agent to prohibit clump- and substituted ureas. ing, while our dicy grades marketed under
Dicyandiamide
Dicyandiamide Grades Used In Adhesive Applications (Listed In Order From Coarse to Fine)
Dicy Grade Dicyanex 200X Dicyanex 325 Amicure CG-325 Dicyanex 1200 Amicure CG-1200 Amicure CG-1400 Dicyanex 1400B Particle Size Specifications 50% <200 90% <44; 50% <16 90% <44; 50% <16 90% <35; 50% <13 90% <30; 50% <11 90% <10; 50% <7 90% <10; 50% <5 Inert Flow Control Agent (% by wt) 0.0 2.5 0.5 2.5 0.5 0.5 2.5
Modified Aliphatic Amines

In addition to dicy, there are several modified aliphatic amines which can be used to cure epoxy resin in a 1K adhesive formulation. Ancamine 2014AS, Ancamine 2014FG, Ancamine 2337S and Ancamine 2441 curing agents will cure epoxy resin without the use of dicy, and all except Ancamine 2337S curing agent can be used to accelerate dicy. These products offer excellent balances of fast reactivity with good shelf stability and good performance properties. For additional information on each of our latent modified aliphatic amine hardeners, please refer to our 1K selector guide on page 8, as well as to their individual technical data sheets.
Imidazole Curing Agents for Epoxy Resins or our brochure entitled, Epoxy Curing Agents and Diluents Product Guide.
Substituted Ureas
Substituted ureas have been used effectively for many years as dicy accelerators. They will not cure epoxy resins by themselves, but their synergistic performance with dicy makes them outstanding accelerator choices. These materials provide good latency and are excellent for use in adhesive applications requiring B-staged forms, such as film adhesives. They also work well in the presence of solvents. Air Products offers three different urea-based products; each less toxic and more user-friendly than traditional Monuron/ Diuron materials.
Imidazoles
Imidazoles can be used as curing agents for one-component adhesive systems. They also are effective accelerators for dicy. Imidazoles are often chosen for their rapid cure characteristics beyond their activation temperatures, as well as for their extremely high Tg development. For more information on Air Products complete line of imidazoles, please consult our brochure entitled,
Product Amicure UR Structure Melting Point 131 C
Starting Formulations
Several 1K and 2K adhesive starting formulations are included in the back pocket of this brochure for reference. For additional information on the epoxy additives used in the starting formulations, please consult their individual technical data sheets.
Use Level w/ Dicy 0.5-3.0 phr Latency w/ Dicy @ 25 C 6 weeks
Amicure UR-S
Fine grind version of Amicure UR

N
131 C
0.5-3.0 phr
4 weeks
Amicure UR2T
182 C
0.5-3.0
6 weeks
Superior Technical and Sales Support

Air Products manufacturing, technical and customer-service capabilities are key elements of our commitment to the adhesives industry. Our world-class manufacturing facilities are located in Huntington Beach and Los Angeles, California; Cumberland, Rhode Island; and Clayton, England. These ISO 9002-certified facilities, coupled with multiple geographic stocking points and a trained, responsive customer-service team, enable Air Products to supply our worldwide customers efficiently and reliably.
In addition, Air Products offers a wealth of additional information and resources to assist you in your selection process of curing agents and modifiers for adhesive formulations. Please see our back cover for a list of these additional resources, as well as global contact information. Contact us today for assistance in answering your epoxy adhesive concerns.
ONE-COMPONENT EPOXY ADHESIVE CURING AGENT SELECTOR GUIDE
Ancamine 2441 Ancamine 2014FG Imidazoles (Imicure EMI-24, AMI-2) Amicure UR Amicure UR2T
Low Temperature Reactivity
Modified Aliphatic Amines (Ancamine 2014AS, 2014FG, 2441) Imidazoles Substituted Ureas
Film Adhesives
Utility in Solvent-Based Formulations
Finer Particle Size
Ancamine 2441 Amicure UR, UR2T, UR-S Imidazoles (Imicure AMI-2) Dicy Accelerators
Amicure UR-S
Dicyandiamide
Workhorse 1K curing agent Exceptional latency Excellent adhesion Low toxicity Used with or without dicy: Ancamine 2014FG Ancamine 2441
Ancamine 2337S
Other 1K Curing Agents
Lowest Activation Temperature
Suitable for Use with Diluted Resins
Modified Aliphatic Amines (Ancamine 2014AS, 2014FG, 2441, 2337S) Imidazoles
Rapid Green Strength Development
Best Latency
Used with or without dicy: Ancamine 2441 Imidazoles
Highest Tgs
Used with or without dicy: Ancamine 2441 Ancamine 2014AS
Used with or without dicy: Imidazoles Ancamine 2441
Two-Component Adhesive Starting Formulation
General Purpose Adhesive

Ingredients A Side
% By Weight 60.0 1.0

(1) (2)
DGEBA Type Liquid Resin (EEW=190) Diethylene glycol Aluminum (Toyal 101) Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)
37.0 2.0 100.0
B Side
AncamideTM 2482 Curing Agent Hycar ATBNX16

(3)
38.0 12.0 22.0 27.0 1.0 100.0
Aluminum (Toyal 101) Talc (Microtuff 325F)(4) Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720) Mix Ratio: 1:1 By Weight and Volume Cure Schedule: 7 days at 25 C
Performance Properties
Substrate HDG CR Steel Test Lap shear, ambient cure Lap shear, heat cure T-Peel, ambient cure T-Peel, heat cure Aluminum Lap shear, ambient cure Lap shear, heat cure T-Peel, ambient cure T-Peel, heat cure ABS PCB Lap shear, ambient cure Lap shear, ambient cure Cure 7 days/25 C 30 min/150 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/150 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/150 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/150 C 7 days/25 C 7 days/25 C Result 2400 2800 13 16 2500 2750 22 20 550 750 Unit of Measure psi psi pli pli psi psi pli pli psi psi Failure Mode cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive adhesive substrate
(1) (2)
Toyal 101 is manufactured by Toyal-America Cab-O-Sil TS-720 is manufactured by Cabot Corporation
(3) (4)
Hycar ATBNX16 is manufactured by BF Goodrich Microtuff 325F is manufactured by Barretts Minerals, Inc.
The information contained herein is offered without charge for use by technically qualified personnel at their discretion and risk. All statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are based on tests and data which we believe to be reliable, but the accuracy or completeness thereof is not guaranteed and no warranty of any kind is made with respect thereto.
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 7201 Hamilton Boulevard, Allentown, PA 18195-1501 Tel: (800) 345-3148, (610) 481-6799, Fax: (610) 481-4381, http://www.airproducts.com/epoxyadditives
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001 Printed in USA 125-0005(a)
Flexible Adhesive
A Side
Ingredients Standard Liquid Epoxy Resin, EEW=190 Epodil 748 Diluent Talc (Microtuff 325F)(1) Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)(2)
% By Weight 50.5 7.0 40.0 2.5 100.0
B Side
Ancamide 910 Curing Agent Ancamide 2482 Curing Agent Aluminum (Toyal 101)(3) Talc (Microtuff 325F) Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)
38.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 2.0 100.0
Mix Ratio: 1:1 by Weight and Volume Cure Schedule: 7 days @ 25 C Thin Film Set Time: 8 hours
(BK Drying Recorder, TFST3)
Substrate HDG CR Steel Test Lap shear, ambient cure Lap shear, heat cure Lap shear @ 120 C, ambient cure Lap shear @ 120 C, heat cure Lap Shear, 7 d. H 2O immersion @ 41 C T-Peel, ambient cure T-Peel, heat cure Aluminum Lap shear, ambient cure Lap shear, heat cure Lap shear @ 120 C, ambient cure Lap shear @ 120 C, heat cure Lap Shear, 7 d. H 2O immersion @ 41 C T-Peel, ambient cure T-Peel, heat cure ABS PCB Lap shear, ambient cure Lap shear, heat cure Lap shear, ambient cure Lap shear, heat cure Cure 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C Max Stress (psi) 1770 2040 25 95 2090 34 32 1490 1640 225 175 1820 11 14 1020 880 1460 1045 Unit of Measure Psi Psi Psi Psi Psi Pli Pli Psi Psi Psi Psi Psi Pli Pli Psi Psi Psi Psi Failure Mode cohesive cohesive adhesive adhesive adhesive cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive mixed mixed cohesive cohesive cohesive adhesive adhesive substrate mixed
(1)
Microtuff 325F is manufactured by Barretts Minerals, Inc.
(3)
Toyal 101 is manufactured by Toyal-America
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001 Printed in USA 125-0005(b)
Fast, Flexible Adhesive

Ingredients A Side
% By Weight 60.0 38.0 2.0 100.0

(1)
DGEBA Type Liquid Resin (EEW=190) Talc (Microtuff 325F) Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)(2)
B Side
Ancamine 2390 Curing Agent Ancamine 1768 Curing Agent Aluminum (Toyal 101) Talc (Microtuff 325F) Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)
(3)
46.0 9.0 16.0 27.0 1.0 100.0
Mix Ratio: 1:1 by weight Cure Schedule: 7 days@ 25 C Thin Film Set Time: 3 hours
(BK Drying Recorder, TFST3)
Substrate HDG CR Steel Test Lap shear, ambient cure Lap shear, heat cure Lap shear @ 120 C, ambient cure Lap shear @ 120 C, heat cure Lap shear, 7 d. H2O immersion/41 C T-Peel, ambient cure T-Peel, heat cure Aluminum Lap shear, ambient cure Lap shear, heat cure Lap shear @ 120 C, ambient cure Lap shear @ 120 C, heat cure Lap shear, 7 d. H2O immersion/41 C T-Peel, ambient cure T-Peel, heat cure ABS PCB Lap shear, ambient cure Lap shear, heat cure Lap shear, ambient cure Lap shear, heat cure Cure 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C 7 days/25 C 30 min/120 C Max Unit of Stress (psi) Measure 2240 2220 200 295 2361 16 16 1990 2190 210 290 2210 5 5 775 265 775 190 Psi Psi Psi Psi Psi Pli Pli Psi Psi Psi Psi Psi Pli Pli Psi Psi Psi Psi Failure Mode cohesive cohesive mixed cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive adhesive mixed cohesive cohesive cohesive adhesive adhesive adhesive adhesive
(1) (2)
Microtuff 325F is manufactured by Barretts Minerals, Inc. Cab-O-Sil TS-720 is manufactured by Cabot Corporation
(3)
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001 Printed in USA 125-0005(c)
Heat-Cured Non-Toughened Adhesive

Ingredients A Side DGEBA Type Liquid Resin (EEW=190) Talc (Microtuff 325F)(1) Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)
(2)
% By Weight 68.0 29.5 2.5 100.0
B Side
Ancamine 2264 Curing Agent Aluminum (Toyal 101) Talc (Microtuff 325F) Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)
(3)
40.0 24.0 34.0 2.0 100.0
Mix Ratio: 2A:1B By Weight Suggested Cure Schedule: 30 minutes @ 150 C Thin Film Set Time: 5 hours (BK Drying Recorder, TFST3)
Substrate Steel Test Lap shear, heat cure Lap shear @ 120 C, heat cure Lap shear, 7 d. H2O immersion/41 C T-Peel, heat cure Aluminum Lap shear, heat cure Lap shear @ 120 C, heat cure Lap shear, 7 d. H2O immersion/41 C T-Peel, heat cure Cure 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C Max Unit of Stress (psi) Measure 1513 697 1453 11 1734 396 1836 4 Psi Psi Psi Pli Psi Psi Psi Pli Failure Mode adhesive adhesive adhesive cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive
(1) (2)
(3)
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001 Printed in USA 125-0005(d)
Heat-Cured Toughened Adhesive

Ingredients A Side
% By Weight 64.0 34.5

(2)
DGEBA Type Liquid Resin (EEW=190) Talc (Microtuff 325F)(1) Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)
1.5 100.0
B Side
AncamineTM 2264 Curing Agent Hycar ATBNX16

(3) (4)
36.0 11.0 15.5 36.0 1.5 100.0
Aluminum (Toyal 101) Talc (Microtuff 325F)
Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720) Mix Ratio: 2A:1B By Weight Suggested Cure Schedule: 30 minutes @ 150 C Thin Film Set Time: 5 hours (BK Drying Recorder, TFST3)
Substrate HDG CRS Test Lap shear, heat cure Lap shear @ 120 C, heat cure Lap shear, 7 d. H2O immersion/41 C T-Peel, heat cure Aluminum Lap shear, heat cure Lap shear @ 120 C, heat cure Lap shear, 7 d. H2O immersion/41 C T-Peel, heat cure Cure 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C 30 min/150 C Max Unit of Stress (psi) Measure 2090 850 1560 12 2210 730 2110 4 Psi Psi Psi Pli Psi Psi Psi Pli Failure Mode cohesive cohesive mixed cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive cohesive
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
Hycar ATBNX16 is manufactured by BF Goodrich Toyal 101 is manufactured by Toyal-America
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001 Printed in USA 125-0005(e)
One-Component Adhesive Starting Formulation
General Purpose Adhesive

Ingredients Using Dicyandiamide DGEBA Type Liquid Resin (EEW=190) Amicure CG-1200 Curing Agent Ancamine 2014AS Curing Agent Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)
(1)
Parts By Weight 100.0 6.0 5.0 2.0
Ingredients Without Dicyandiamide DGEBA Type Liquid Resin (EEW=190) Ancamine 2014AS Curing Agent Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720) Suggested Cure Schedule: 30 minutes @ 120 C 100.0 28.0 2.0
With Dicy Stroke Gel Time (min) @ 80 C @ 100 C @ 120 C @ 140 C 30 min @ 100 C 60 min @ 100 C 30 min @ 120 C 30 min @ 140 C 60 min @ 100 C 30 min @ 120 C 30 min @ 140 C no gel after 30 minutes no gel after 30 minutes 18.0 minutes 5.5 minutes 40 C 80 C 120 C 465 psi 920 psi 1170 psi Without Dicy Stroke Gel Time (min) @ 80 C @ 100 C @ 120 C @ 140 C 30 min @ 80 C 30 min @ 100 C 30 min @ 120 C 30 min @ 140 C 30 min @ 80 C 30 min @ 100 C 30 min @ 120 C 30 min @ 140 C 22 15 2 1 38 C 75 C 85 C 85 C 215 psi 635 psi 1050 psi 1500 psi
Glass Transition Temperature after cure:
Glass Transition Temperature after cure:
Lap Shear Strength Development (Electrogalvanized Steel)
Lap Shear Strength Development (Electrogalvanized Steel)
Shelf Stability (Time needed to double viscosity @ 42 C): >3 months
Shelf Stability (Time needed to double viscosity @ 42 C): 11 weeks
(1)
Cab-O-Sil TS-720 is manufactured by Cabot Corporation
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001 Printed in USA 125-0005(f)
Fast Curing Adhesive

Ingredients
Parts By Weight 100.0 40.0 1.0
DGEBA Type Liquid Resin (EEW=190) Ancamine 2337S Curing Agent Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)(1) Suggested Cure Schedule: 30 minutes @ 120 C or 40 minutes @ 100 C
Stroke Gel Time (min) @ 175 F (80 C) @ 250 F (120 C) DSC Activation Temperature Pot Life Glass Transition Temperature (DSC) Lap Shear Strength on Cold Rolled Steel (psi) Cured 30 minutes @ 80 C Cured 30 minutes @ 100 C Cured 30 minutes @ 120 C Cured 30 minutes @ 140 C 2.7 <1 71 C >4 weeks 71 C 905 1,320 1,670 1,650
(1)
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001 Printed in USA 125-0005(g)
High-Performance Adhesive
Ingredients Using Dicyandiamide DGEBA Type Liquid Resin (EEW=190) Amicure CG-1200 Curing Agent
Parts By Weight 100.0 6.0 5.0 1.0
Ancamine 2441 Curing Agent Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)(1) Ingredients Without Dicyandiamide DGEBA Type Liquid Resin (EEW=190) Ancamine 2441 Curing Agent Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720) Suggested Cure Schedule: 30 minutes @ 120 C
100.0 20.0 1.0
With Dicy Onset Temperature Glass Transition Temperature (After 30 min @ 120 C) 30 min @ 120 C 30 min @ 140 C Viscosity Increase @ 42 C after 4 weeks: 124 C 136 C Without Dicy Onset Temperature Glass Transition Temperature (After 30 min @ 120 C) 30 min @ 120 C 30 min @ 140 C Viscosity Increase @ 42 C after 4 weeks: 99 C 114 C
Lap Shear Strength Development (Cold Rolled Steel) 570 psi 1150 psi 5%
Lap Shear Strength Development (Cold Rolled Steel) 610 psi 1120 psi 11%
(1)
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001 Printed in USA 125-0005(h)
Induction Heat-Cured Adhesive

Ingredients DGEBA Type Liquid Resin (EEW=190) Kelpoxy G292-100(1) Amicure CG-1200 Curing Agent Ancamine 2337S Curing Agent Ancamine 2441 Curing Agent Aluminum (Toyal 101)
(2) (3)
Parts By Weight 87.5 25.0 7.0 12.5 10.0 40.0 1.0
Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)
Cure Schedule: Induction cure for 4 seconds at 190 C or 4 seconds at 204 C (1 second ramp; 3 second hold)
Green Shear Strength at 25 C (psi) Cured 4 seconds @ 190 C Cured 4 seconds @ 204 C Green Shear Strength in 24 hours (psi) (cured 4 seconds @ 190 C) Electrogalvanized Steel Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Shear Strength at 150 C (psi) Electrogalvanized Steel Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel 185 152 570 900 590 1060
Kelpoxy G292-100 is manufactured by Reichhold Toyal 101 is manufactured by Toyal-America (3) Cab-O-Sil TS-720 is manufactured by Cabot Corporation
(1) (2)
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001 Printed in USA 125-0005(i)
Substrates, Bonding Parameters and Test Methods

Substrates
Cold Rolled Steel Zinc Phosphate treated cold-rolled steel, 0.032" (Hot Dipped Galvanized, Electrogalvanized) Aluminum ABS Polycarbonate Alloy 2024-T3, conforming to specification B 209, 63-mil thickness for lap shears, 20-mil thickness for T-peels Dow Pulse 830, 180 F bake material, 1/8 inch General Electric Lexan LS, 250 F bake material, 1/8"
Surface Preparation
Cold Rolled Steel Aluminum ABS and Polycarbonate Dry rag wipe Phosphoric acid anodizing Dry rag wipe
Lap Shear Sample Preparation and Testing

1" x 4" coupons 0.5" overlap for metals and 1.0" overlap for thermoplastic substrates 0.010" bond line thickness (including glass micro-beads; 1g/100 g of mixed adhesive formulation) Testing according to ASTM D1002
T-Peel Sample Preparation and Testing

1" x 4" coupons 3" bond overlap 0.010" bond line thickness (including glass micro-beads; 1g/100 g of mixed adhesive formulation) Testing according to ASTM D1876
Cure Schedules
As indicated.
Test Conditions
As indicated.
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001 Printed in USA 125-0005(j)
Additional Adhesives-Related Resources Available from Air Products On-Line Resources:

Air Products Epoxy Additives Website: www.airproducts.com/epoxyadditives On-line Ancamide 910 Short Course www.airproducts.com/epoxyadditives/ adhesives
Contact Us
To request literature referenced here or for additional information on Air Products epoxy curing agents and modifiers for the adhesives industry, call our Product Information Center at 800-345-3148 or visit our web site at: www.airproducts.com/epoxyadditives/ adhesives
Literature
Air Products Epoxy Curing Agents Used in Contact with Food or Potable Water Chemical Resistance for Ambient Cure Epoxy Formulations Epoxy Curing Agents and Diluents Product Guide Epoxy Curing Agents for Civil Engineering Applications Epoxy Resin and Curing Agent Stoichiometry High-Performance Adhesion Promoters for Automotive Plastisols Imidazole Curing Agents for Epoxy Resins
North America
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Product Information CenterA6311 7201 Hamilton Blvd. Allentown, PA 18195-1501 U.S.A. Tel: 800-345-3148 (Outside the U.S. or Canada, 610-481-6799) Fax: 610-481-4381
Air Products Chemicals Europe

Kanaalweg 15 Box 3193 3502 GD Utrecht Netherlands Tel: +31 302 857 100 Fax: +31 302 857 111 Air Products c/o Anchor Italiana SpA Via Rismondo 4 27100 Pavia Italy Tel: +39 382-539982 Fax: +39 382-308462 Air Products France 78 Rue Championnet 75018 Paris France Tel: +33 144-925-295 Fax: +33 144-925-291
Technical Papers
Latent Amine (Ancamine 2014AS/FG) Addresses Needs for One-Package Epoxy Adhesives by Dilip Shah and Peter Lucas; Adhesives Age June 1992 Latent Amine (Ancamine 2441) Addresses Needs for One-Package Epoxy Adhesives by Dilip Shah Adhesives Age December 1997 Toughened One-Package Epoxy Adhesives for Lower-Temp, Hem-Flange Bonding by Dilip Shah; Adhesives & Sealants Industry, 1995 Versatile, Flexible Curing Agent for TwoComponent Epoxy Adhesive Formulations by Julie Baum, Dilip Shah and Gabriel Kuklis; Epoxy Resin Formulators Conference, Spring 2000.
Air Products Chemicals Asia

Air Products Asia, Inc. 9 Temasek Boulevard #08-02 Suntec Tower 2 Singapore 038989 Tel: +65 332-1617 Fax: +65 332-1601
tell me more
www.airproducts.com/epoxyadditives
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
Printed in USA 125-0005

CS1 Epoxy Curing Agents

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Epoxy Additives for Adhesives Applications

Air Products Epoxy Additives for 2K Adhesive FormulationsTop Recommendations

Typical Handling Properties

55 95 48 95 204 230 125 114 120 100 90 54

Techne GT-4 Gelation Timer BK Drying recorder

DSC analysis, 10 C/min ramp

Typical Performance Properties

Glass Transition Temp(4) C (30-min@ 120 C) 77 74 103 76 38 19 78 83 96 97 83 128

Water Absorption(5) % (7-Day @ 25 C)

Water Absorption(5) % (30-min @120 C)

9,000 11,500 2,000 3,236 1,000 9,400 4,400 5,300 4,400

470 490 790 120 140 370 590 310 510

ASTM D3418-82 Water weight gain (%) after 7 days @ 41 C cure

Part A: Standard DGEBA Liquid Epoxy Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil TS-720)(2)

Talc (Microtuff 325F)(1) 38 parts 2 parts

TWO-COMPONENT ADHESIVES TOP CURING AGENT RECOMMENDATIONS

1922A 1769 1768 2390

1769 2264 1922A

1922A 520,1768, 1769 2390 2264 2205 2482 910

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

520,1768 2205,350A 2424,260A 2482

11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 40,000

16,000 18,000 20,000

2424 22,000 260A

THIN FILM SET TIME

2205 1768 1922A

100 910 90 1922A, 2390 1768, 2482 80 260A,520 2424

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

2424 1769 2390 2264

70 2264 350A 2205 60

TWO-COMPONENT EPOXY ADHESIVE CURING AGENT SELECTOR GUIDE

175 cps Cost-effective

Improved electricals, thermal shock resistance and viscosity

Low viscosity Cost-effective

10-minute gel time

Air Products Epoxy Additives for 1K Adhesive FormulationsTop Recommendations

Modified Aliphatic Amines

Fine grind version of Amicure UR

Superior Technical and Sales Support

ONE-COMPONENT EPOXY ADHESIVE CURING AGENT SELECTOR GUIDE

Low Temperature Reactivity

Utility in Solvent-Based Formulations

Finer Particle Size

Other 1K Curing Agents

Lowest Activation Temperature

Suitable for Use with Diluted Resins

Modified Aliphatic Amines (Ancamine 2014AS, 2014FG, 2441, 2337S) Imidazoles

Rapid Green Strength Development

Used with or without dicy: Ancamine 2441 Imidazoles

Used with or without dicy: Ancamine 2441 Ancamine 2014AS

Used with or without dicy: Imidazoles Ancamine 2441

Two-Component Adhesive Starting Formulation

General Purpose Adhesive

% By Weight 60.0 1.0

37.0 2.0 100.0

AncamideTM 2482 Curing Agent Hycar ATBNX16

38.0 12.0 22.0 27.0 1.0 100.0

Toyal 101 is manufactured by Toyal-America Cab-O-Sil TS-720 is manufactured by Cabot Corporation

Two-Component Adhesive Starting Formulation