Tyzor PDF

DuPont Tyzor® Organic Titanates
General Brochure
Introduction In many of these applications, TYZOR®
titanates and zirconates are superior to other
DuPont TYZOR® organic titanates and chemicals in their ease of use, cost effectiveness,
zirconates TYZOR® organic titanates and uniqueness of effect, and freedom from
zirconates are used as catalysts for chemical undesirable side effects.
manufacture; in augmenting coatings, adhesives,
and printing inks; and to improve the properties Production of TYZOR® products is back
of coatings in electronics, glass, and metal integrated to the titanium-bearing ore.
products. DuPont is the industry leader in Involvement from mine to production to
pioneering and manufacturing organic titanates customer guarantees a dependable supply of
and supplies a broad range of products for a these DuPont products. With production
variety of industrial applications. facilities in both the United States and Europe,
DuPont offers its customers worldwide
DuPont TYZOR® organic titanates and availability and timely delivery.
zirconates offer superior product quality as well
as the versatility of a large product line. DuPont emphasizes quality in every phase of the
Compounds ranging from highly reactive production cycle, which ensures that all
tetraalkyl titanates to stable chelates are TYZOR® products meet the highest
available. This wide selection enables specifications and are able to satisfy exacting
specification of the titanate or zirconate with the customer requirements.
precise reactivity for each application or reaction TYZOR® organic titanates and zirconates, like
condition. other DuPont offerings, are backed up by a
TYZOR® organic titanates and zirconates worldwide sales and service network. The
perform four important functions, that are the TYZOR® Technical Service Team has
key to the versatility of TYZOR® organic experienced representatives who are trained to
titanates and zirconates: help customers with special technical needs or
highly specific questions.
1. Catalysis, particularly esterification,
transesterification, polyesterification, The TYZOR® product line from DuPont has
polycondensation polymerization and olefin much to offer: versatility, availability, quality,
polymerization. service, and dependability. TYZOR® organic
titanates and zirconates provide the chemist with
2. Polymer cross-linking, which improves versatile tools for product and process
viscosity control properties of solutions, innovation.
paints, and other coatings. The crosslinking
property of TYZOR® organic titanates and This booklet contains additional information and
zirconates can also augment adhesion specifications on TYZOR® products. Table 1,
properties of coatings, paints, inks and other which follows, shows the major industrial
surface materials. applications of TYZOR organic titanates and
zirconates. Table 2 shows major product grade
3. Surface modification when applied by itself groupings, along with properties and types of
or in combination with other materials and applications.
can control the properties of adhesion,
lubricity, or pigment dispersability.
4. A reagent used to create gel-sols, ceramics,
Contact Information:
Web Site http://www.dupont.com/tyzor
heterogeneous catalysts, catalyst support
Email: [email protected]
manufacture, piezoelectric materials, and
Phone: 800-255-4596 or 302-992-2894
grease additive.
The DuPont Oval Logo, DuPont™, and The miracles of science™ are trademarks or registered trademarks of
E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. TYZOR® is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. 1
Copyright © 2001 E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. All rights reserved
Table 1 - Industrial Applications of TYZOR® Organic Titanates and Zirconates
Industry Function Effect
Adhesives Surface modification Adhesion promotion
Catalysis Resin manufacture
Automotive Cross-linking Resin cross-linking for molded parts
products Coatings cross-linking
Surface modification Pigment dispersion
Chemical Catalysis Esterification and transesterification catalysis
manufacture Polyesterification catalysis
Olefin polymerization catalysis
Phenol formaldehyde resin catalysis
Lactone polymerization catalysis
Polycarbonate resin catalysis
Polyurethane catalysis
Molecular rearrangement catalysis
Coatings Catalysis Polymer synthesis
Cross-linking Coating binder insolubilization
Improved film properties
Surface modification Pigment dispersion
Cosmetics Surface modification Hair treatment
Protection against UV light
Elastomers Cross-linking Improvement of tensile strength
Curing of RTV silicone rubbers
Electronics Surface modification Preparation of barium titanate coatings
Titanium dioxide coatings for dielectrics
Improved adhesion of photoresist resin
Titanium dioxide coatings for transistors
Improved liquid crystal display (LCD) properties
Films Surface modification Improvement of laminate adhesion
Films and Catalysis Polyester, alkyd, polyurethane catalysis
paints Cross-linking Paint vehicle cross-linking
Thixotropy in latex paints
Surface modification Viscosity reduction in solvent-borne paints and coatings
Pigment dispersion
Glass Surface modification Scratch-resistance
Graphic arts Catalysis Polyester resin catalysis
Cross-linking Printing ink binder cross-linking
Surface modification Improved printability of surfaces
Metals Surface modification Corrosion-resistant coatings
Oil field Cross-linking Viscosity increase in fracturing gels
Paper Cross-linking Improved wet strength
Petroleum products Surface modification Improved lubricity of oils
Pigments Surface modification Pigment dispersion
Plastics Catalysis Polymerization of esters, olefins, lactones, urethanes
Cross-linking Resin cross-linking
Surface modification Filler dispersion and improved compatibility of filler
with polymer matrix, viscosity reduction
Primers for metals, Surface modification Adhesion promotion, Corrosion resistance
plastics, rubbers
Textiles Catalysis Polyester manufacture
TABLE 2
Grade Selection Chart for TYZOR® Organic Titanates and Zirconates
Grades* Type Properties Applications
TYZOR® TPT, Tetraalkyl Moisture-sensitive Cross-linking in
TnBT, TOT NPT, titanate 100% active, very reactive nonaqueous formulations
TPT-20B Catalysis
Surface modification
TYZOR® AA-Series Titanium 75% - 100% active in alcohol Used in aqueous and
AA, GBA, GBO, AA- chelate Activated at 100 to 250°C nonaqueous formulations
75, AA-65 (212 to 482°F) Delayed cross-linking
AA-105
TYZOR® DC Titanium Not soluble in water Used in nonaqueous
chelate 100% active formulations
Activated at 100 to 250°C Delayed cross-linking
(212 to 482°F)
TYZOR® TE Titanium Soluble in water (slow hydrolysis) Used in aqueous and
chelate 80% active in alcohol nonaqueous formulations
Activated at 100 to 250°C (212 to Delayed cross-linking
482°F) and a pH from 4 to 10
TYZOR® LA Aqueous 50% active in water Used in aqueous

titanium Activated at 100 to 250°C formulations
chelate (212 to 482°F) and a pH from 5 Delayed cross-linking
to 10 Esterification
Most reactive of aqueous chelates Catalyst
TYZOR® 131 Aqueous Miscible with water Used in aqueous
titanium Activated at 100 to 250°C formulations
chelate (212 to 482°F) and a pH from 6 Delayed cross-linking
to 10
TYZOR® NPZ, NBZ Tetraalkyl Moisture-sensitive Cross-linking in
zirconate Contains alcohol solvents nonaqueous formulations
Catalysis
Reagent
Surface modification
* Please consult specific product information sheet for additional information and for product listings by country.
In this molecular structure, X represents a functional
Composition group containing oxygen or nitrogen, and Y
represents a two- or three-carbon chain.
DuPont supplies two general classes of organic
titanates: tetraalkyl titanates, which can be The chelates can be further subdivided into two
represented by the general structure Ti(OR)4, and groups:
titanate chelates, represented by • Nonaqueous, including products that are supplied
either as 100% active materials or as a solution in
X Y alcohol—TYZOR® TE, AA-series, DC, and related
products.
RO O • Aqueous, including products that are supplied as

water solutions—TYZOR® LA, 131, 217, and 218.
Ti
O OR
Y X
Tetraalkyl titanates
TYZOR® organic titanates of the alkyl titanate type
are
C 2H5OC CH
• TYZOR® TPT—tetraisopropyl titanate O CCH3
Ti(OC3H7)4 O
RO
• TYZOR® TnBT—tetra-n-butyl titanate Ti
Ti(OC4H9)4 RO O
• TYZOR® TOT-tetrakis(2- O CCH3
ethylhexyl)titanate C 2H5OC CH
Ti(OCH2CHC4H9)
C2H5 TYZOR® TE, triethanolamine titanate chelate, is a
mixture of chelates with at least one component that
Titanate chelates has the following cage structure:
The compositions of some DuPont titanate chelates
are shown below. CH2CH2O
TYZOR® AA-series—acetylacetonate titanate
chelate N CH2CH2O TiOC3H7
CH3C CH CH2CH2O
O CCH3
TYZOR® LA—lactic acid titanate chelate,
O
RO ammonium salt
Ti
NH4 OC CHCH3
RO O O
O CCH3 O
RO
CH3C CH
Ti
O OR
TYZOR® DC—ethyl acetoacetate titanate chelate O
CH3CH CO NH4
Reactions A simple test shows the difference between the
Hydrolysis following two groups:
Tetraalkyl titanates hydrolyze rapidly when exposed
• Easily-hydrolyzed metal-acid esters
to water, and atmospheric moisture produces
condensation products with high molecular weights. • Chelates that do not hydrolyze or are difficult
In the presence of alcohols, however, the extent of to hydrolyze
hydrolysis and polymerization can be retarded,1
which is attributable to the solvation effect of the
alcoholic solvents on the alkyl titanate. The In the test, 5g of the substance to be examined is
hydrolysis proceeds with the intermediate formation dissolved in 50 ml anhydrous isopropanol, and
of a coordination complex between the ester and water is added in drops from a burette to the stirred
water, followed by elimination of an alcohol solution until precipitation or cloudiness occurs. The
molecule. average amount of water added in this test is shown
in Table 3 for several products.
Ti(OR)4 + H2O Î H2O·Ti(OR)4 Î Ti(OR)3OH +
ROH TABLE 3
The monohydroxy ester, however, cannot be Relative Rates of Hydrolysis
isolated and immediately reacts with an additional
mole of titanate to form a dimeric product: Water added in ml Product Tested
0.01 n-butyl zirconate
Ti(OR)3OH + Ti(OR)4 Î (RO)3TiOTi(OR)3 + ROH
0.02 n-propyl zirconate
Further hydrolysis of the hexaalkoxy compound 0.5 -2 ethyl titanate
proceeds in steps until titanium dioxide or hydrous 0.5-2 n-propyl titanate
titanium dioxide is obtained. These reactions may be 0.5-2 isopropyl titanate
represented as follows: 0.5 -2 isobutyl titanate
2 [(RO)3Ti–2O + 2H2O Î HOTi(OR)2OH + 2 ROH 0.5-2 2-ethylhexyl titanate
1 -2.5 n-butyl titanate
Reaction with more water, in sequence: 1 - 2.5 cresyl titanate monomer
Î HOTi(OH)2OH (may be polymeric) Î TiO2·2H2O + 1 -2.5 cresyl titanate polymer
4ROH 1.5 - 3 n-butyl titanate polymer
Whether hydrous titanium dioxide of indefinite 120- 150 triethanolamine titanate
composition or titanium dioxide itself is obtained as 160- 190 Titanium acetylacteonate
the end product depends on the temperature and rate > 500 triethanolamine zirconate
of water addition at which hydrolysis is conducted.
When conducted with care, hydrolysis results in a
clear, amorphous film of titanium dioxide. By choosing constituents that form suitable chelates,
it is possible to make products that give values
The hydrolysis rate of the titanium esters depends situated between the extremes, although this method
on the size and complexity of the alkyl groups—as is rough at best.
their size increases, the rate of hydrolysis decreases. The approximation inherent in this method argues
that it should only be used to give an indication of
The chelated titanates are much less susceptible to
the hydrolysis behavior of the substance in question.
hydrolysis than are the tetraalkyl titanates.
Conclusions should not be drawn from this method
TYZOR® LA and 131 are so stable that they are
about behavior toward other reactants.
sold as aqueous solutions. TYZOR® TE can be
diluted with water; however, hydrolysis occurs
slowly over time. Alcoholysis and ester interchange
The titanate esters undergo alcoholysis rapidly at
room temperature in the absence of any catalyst.
Ti(OR)4 + 4 R’OH Î Ti(OR’)4 + 4 ROH
Mixing tetra isopropyl titanate with a stoichiometric
quantity of the alcohol and then distilling isopropyl
alcohol usually produces higher esters or mixed
esters. This ability to react rapidly and at room
temperature with hydroxyl-containing materials has
led to numerous industrial applications of alkyl
titanates.
Enols derived from aldehydes also react by
alcoholysis with the alkyl titanates to give vinyl
titanates.2
OR
Alkyl titanates also undergo ester interchange with TiO + x R'COOR
x Ti(OR)3(OOCR')
carboxyl esters:
OR x
Ti(OR)4 + 4 R’COOR” Î Ti(OR”)4 + 4
R’COOR OOCR'
x Ti(OR)2(OOCR')2 TiO + x R'COOR
The equilibrium reaction can be forced to
completion by distilling the lower boiling product or OR x
byproduct.3
Reactions with acids Reactions with acid anhydrides

Alkyl titanates react rapidly with carboxylic acids to Alkyl titanates react rapidly with acid anhydrides.
form titanium acylates, which exist primarily in For example
their polymeric forms. Ti(OR)4 + (CH3CO)2O Î Ti(OR)3(OCOCH3) + CH3COOR
Ti(OR)4 + R’COOH Î Ti(OR)3(OCOR’) +
ROH
Ti(OR)4 + 2 R’COOH Î Ti(OR)2(OCOR’)2 + 2
ROH
The tendency of titanium to increase its coordination
number is shown by the association of acylates to O
form bridged structures. Ti(OR)3OOC
Ti(OR)4 + O
Bridged structures are commonly formed as follows:
ROOC
O
R'
OCO OR The resulting trialkoxytitanium acylate may then
RO condense further, as indicated above (see Reactions
Ti OR with Acids).
RO Ti
RO OR
OCO Reactivities
TYZOR® tetraalkyl titanates are the most reactive
R' titanates available. Their reactivity decreases with
increasing molecular weight; TYZOR® TPT reacts
faster than TYZOR® TnBT, and TYZOR® TnBT
If a mixture of an alkyl titanate and a carboxylic reacts faster than TYZOR® TOT. In situations
acid is heated in an attempt to force the replacement where moisture is a problem, TYZOR® TE can be
of more than two alkoxy groups, one of two results used.
is produced: an organic ester and a condensed In general, titanate chelates are much less reactive
titanate ester or an alkoxy polytitanyl acylate.4 than the tetraalkyl titanates. The chelates undergo
the same reactions as the tetraalkyl types when the
chelate structure is activated by heat or by adjusting
the pH to higher values (greater alkalinity). Properties
The reactivities of the TYZOR® chelates in order of Thermal stability and pyrolysis
decreasing rate are TYZOR® LA, TE, DC, AA- TYZOR® TPT can be distilled, unchanged, at
Series, and 131. Laboratory evaluations should be atmospheric pressure. However, all alkyl titanium
performed on specific products to determine their esters pyrolyze at 350°C (662°F) or higher. The
reactivity in a given reaction system. primary decomposition products of tetraisopropyl
titanate appear to be propylene, isopropyl alcohol,
Other Reactions and titanium dioxide. A clear film of TiO2 can be
deposited if pyrolysis is conducted by impinging an
Additional information on the above reactions air or nitrogen stream containing a low
and other reactions of organic titanates is given concentration of tetraisopropyl titanate on a hot
in review articles.5,6 surface (500 to 600°C [932 to 1112°F]). Such films
are considerably harder than those produced by
hydrolysis of alkyl titanates and contain no residual
organic matter.7
Individual product sheets are available; these
contain the properties of each TYZOR® grade.
Applications
Catalytic applications
Organic titanates are valuable catalysts in a number
of chemical reactions. They are particularly useful
in esterifications and transesterifications. In this
application, the use of organic titanates
accomplishes the catalysis with a minimum of
undesirable side reactions and results in a high yield
of esters with good color and odor. For example,
esters can be made from carboxylic acids and
secondary alcohols with only a minor amount of
olefin formation, in contrast to conventional acid
catalysis, which produces substantial amounts of
olefins.
Titanates are particularly useful for reactions
involving unsaturated reactants and amino alcohols.
Similarly, titanates are condensation catalysts in the
manufacture of polyesters. Organic titanates are also
useful for the catalysis and cross-linking of a wide
variety of other resin types, such as polyolefins,
polyurethanes, epoxies, phenolics, and silicones.
Organic titanates may be used as catalysts for aldol
condensations and in Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley
reductions.
Esterification Transesterification
Organic titanates often give faster reaction rates and
higher yields than conventional acid catalysts. In the
synthesis of n-decyl acrylate by the
transesterification of ethyl acrylate with n-decyl
alcohol, using TYZOR® TPT as the catalyst gives Advantages claimed for organic titanate catalysts
results that are superior to those expected when include
using sulfuric acid and p-toluene-sulfonic acid.
• Production of a polymer with better
One major advantage of using organic titanates is physical properties than can be obtained
the quality of the excess alcohol recovered from the from TiCl4-based catalysts
reactions. Whereas acid-catalyzed methods often
cause extensive degradation of the alcohol during • No danger of acid corrosion of reaction
the reaction, titanate catalysis avoids this vessels
degradation, allowing recycling of recovered • Chloride-free polymer
alcohols.
• Solvent-soluble catalyst systems
Equally important is the ability of organic titanate
catalysis to avoid color buildup in the product and to
provide high-purity esters suitable for the most Other Catalytic Applications
demanding applications. Organic titanates have been reported to be useful
In reactions where color formation is a persistent catalysts for several other classes of resins,
problem even with titanates, several methods have including polyformaldehydes,33 polycarbonates,34, 35
been reported to minimize such formation, including and polyurethanes.36, 37
the use of phosphorous compounds,8, 9 mixed metal
catalysts,10- 12 organic amine co-catalysts,13-15 and Cross-Linking
titanium chelates.16-18
TYZOR® organic titanates cross-link polymers
Titanates are also superior catalysts in certain cases through the active hydrogens of hydroxyl, amino,
in which color is a problem because of the quality of amido, carboxyl, and thio groups. These reactions
raw materials. Using organic titanates in the are of great value in producing resins and coatings
manufacture of trimellitate esters, for example, with improved hardness, solvent resistance, and
provides improved color in addition to the electrical properties.
advantages of higher yield, decreased cycle time,
Organic titanates undergo alcoholysis as follows:
and increased product purity.
Polysiloxanes Ti(OR)4 + 4 R'OH Ti(OR')4 + 4 ROH

Organic titanates are valuable as catalysts for the
polymerization of many types of siloxanes.19-25
Using these titanates permits more rapid curing at a If ROH is more volatile than R’OH, it may be
lower temperature than could otherwise be obtained. removed by evaporation or distillation, shifting the
In many cases, the titanates not only serve to equilibrium to the right, to convert all the R’OH to
catalyze the reaction, but they also cross-link the Ti(OR’)4. This reaction is sometimes called ester
silicone structures. As a result, the cured resins interchange of a titanate, because the alkyl groups in
exhibit harder surfaces and improved heat and an ester of ortho-titanic acid are interchanged.
electrical resistance.
Olefin polymerization
Titanium compounds are used extensively to
polymerize a variety of olefinic hydrocarbons.26-32
Since the original disclosures of Natta and Ziegler,
hundreds of patents embodying various refinements Ti(OR)4 + OH O Ti(OR)3 + ROH
and applications of the catalyst systems have been and OR
issued. Titanites are used in some of these
applications, generally in combination with other O Ti(OR)3 + HO O Ti O + ROH
organometallic compounds (e.g., aluminum alkyls). OR
Hydroxy cross-linking is a form of alcoholysis. If • The coating improves dispersibility of
R’OH is an alcohol with a high molecular weight pigments and fillers in aqueous or
and includes film-forming substances, such as a nonaqueous systems and reduces
natural or synthetic polymer, the same reaction takes viscosity.
place.
• It provides scratch-resistance and
The fate of the third and fourth alkoxy groups on the reflective properties to glass.
titanate varies. Additional cross-linking through • It modifies frictional characteristics.
alcoholysis of these groups may be possible,
depending on steric considerations and the
availability of additional active cross-linking sites.
Testing for Titanium
If the third and fourth alkoxy groups are not cross- Because primed and unprimed surfaces are almost
linked, they may subsequently hydrolyze to indistinguishable in visual checks, several methods
hydroxyl groups when the substance is exposed to have been developed for identifying the final,
moisture. Again, depending on steric considerations, primed surface.
the third and fourth alkoxy (or hydroxyl) groups One method is to check the wetting properties with
may condense with similar groups on another solvents if the primed and unprimed surfaces are
titanate molecule to form a polymeric titanate known to have different wetting properties.
configuration. This mechanism is not confined to
hydroxyl groups but is useful for cross-linking Another method is to analyze for the presence of
through any group offering an available, active titanium. Note that spot tests do not indicate the
hydrogen. quality of coating regarding either thickness or
coverage.
If a substance to be cross-linked has one reactive
site, the molecular weight may be doubled or even Spot Tests for Titanium
quadrupled by reaction with a titanate. Two active • Hydrogen peroxide. Several drops of 10%
sites (such as an α,ω-glycol) might tend to form sulfuric or hydrochloric acid are placed on the
long-chain polymers, although cross-linking through film’s surface and rolled over an area to
the titanate might occur. Available mid-chain sites increase the extent of contact. Then two drops
(in addition to the alpha, omega-sites) offer the of 30% hydrogen peroxide are added to the
possibility of a complex cross-linking action treated area. A yellow color indicates
involving three or more chain sites and two to four titanium.
titanate sites.
• Chromotropic acid (used as a 5% solution of
the sodium salt in water). One to two drops of
Surface Modification dilute sulfuric or hydrochloric acid solution
The use of titanates for surface modification is are placed on the film’s surface and rolled
based on their ability to hydrolyze to a coating that over an area. A drop of a 5% solution of the
is very thin, primarily inorganic, and amorphous sodium salt of chromotropic acid (4,5-
while having repeating units of –OTiO–. dihydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid) is
added to the treated area. A reddish-brown
The properties of this film depend on the type and
color indicates titanium.
amount of titanate used, the thickness of the
application, and the temperature of the surface. The
best performance is obtained when the substrate
• Disodium 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-
contains functional groups with active hydrogens.
disulfonate.38 One drop of 10% hydrochloric
This hydrolyzed reactive coating of TiO2 modifies acid solution is placed on the film’s surface
surfaces to give the following unique properties: and spread over an area of about 1 to 2 inches
with a glass stirring rod. This area is allowed
• It promotes adhesion of films and to dry partially. Then one drop of a 10%
coatings to glass, metal, and plastics. solution of disodium 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-
3,5-disulfonate is added to the acid-treated
area and spread it around with a glass rod. A
yellow ring around the outer edge of the wet
area indicates titanium.
Contact Information:
Web Site http://www.dupont.com/tyzor
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 800-255-4596 or 302-992-2894
References
18. Teijin Ltd., J 86–20,567–8–5/22/86
19. C.J. Gaillissen and A. Gancberg, US 2,732,320–1/24/56
1. D.C. Bradley, R. Gaze, and W. Wardlaw, J. Chem. Soc. 20. G.W. Madaras, J. Soc. Dyers and Col., 74, pp 834–41
1957, 469–478. (12/58)
2. DuPont, US 2,708,205–5/10/55 21. General Electric, US 3,014,826–12/26/61
3. DuPont, US 2,880,221–3/31/59 22. Dow Corning, US 3,647,846–3/7/72
4. DuPont, US 2,621,193–12/9/52 23. Dow Corning, US 3,015,637–1/2/62
5. The Organic Chemistry of Titanium—R. Feld and P.L. 24. Goldschmidt, GER 3,214,986–6/26/84
Cowe, Butterworth & Co., Washington, D.C., 1965 25. Toray Silicone, US 4,399,247–5/27/83
(213 pp, 791 references) 26. DuPont, US 2,862,917–12/2/58
6. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology— 27. DuPont, US 2,943,066–6/28/60
John Wiley & Sons, New York; 2nd Edition, Vol. 20, 28. Eastman Kodak, US 2,948,712–8/9/60
pp 451–503, R. H. Stanley, 1969 (181 references);3rd
29. D.H. Dawes and C.A. Winkler, J. Polymer Sci., Part A,
Edition, Vol. 23, pp 176–245, C. S. Rondestvedt (9/83)
2, pp 3029–3051 (1964).
(704 references)
30. Montecatini, US 3,287,339–11/22/66
7. DuPont, US 2,831,780–4/22/58
31. Phillips Petroleum, US 3,622,521–11/23/71
8. Union Carbide, US 4,424,140–1/3/84
32. Mitsubishi Petrochemical, US 3,658,926–4/25/72
9. Dynamit Nobel, GER 3,300,315–7/12/84
33. Stabicarbon N.V., US 3,647,754–3/7/72
10. ICI, US 3,965,071–6/22/76
34. Juiles, Goudrons et Derives, FR 1,286,718–3/9/62
11. Rohm and Haas, US 4,356,299–10/28/82
35. Eastman Kodak, US 2,789,969–4/23/57 (See also: US
12. Teijin Ltd., J 71–28,788–8/20/71
2,789,967 and 2,789,970)
13. Teijin Ltd., J 136,294–11/14/77
36. Union Carbide, US 3,222,305–12/7/65
14. Teijin Ltd., J 78–85,891–7/28/78
37. DuPont, US 3,426,025–2/4/69
15. Teijin Ltd., J 78–39,392–4/11/78
38. J.H. Yoe and A.R. Armstrong, Anal. Chem., 19, pp
16. Teijin Ltd., J 77–148,593–12/9/77 100–102 (1947)
17. Teijin Ltd., J 76–41,792–3–4/8/76
The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and is based on technical data that DuPont considers to be reliable. It is intended for use by
persons having technical skill and at their own discretion and risk. DuPont makes no warranties, express or implied, and assumes no liability in
connection with any use of this information. DuPont does not suggest, induce, or recommend infringement of any patent held by others by any statement
or description made herein. The reader should consult counsel of its own choice, and not DuPont, in order to make such legal determinations.

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DuPont Tyzor® Organic Titanates

TYZOR® LA Aqueous 50% active in water Used in aqueous

RO O • Aqueous, including products that are supplied as

Reactions with acids Reactions with acid anhydrides

Polysiloxanes Ti(OR)4 + 4 R'OH Ti(OR')4 + 4 ROH

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