9 Matrices

Sheet 9. Matrices
Exercise 9.1. Find the matrices A + B , 2A, 2A − B i A − αB , where α ∈ R and:
   
" # " # 0 7 1 −2 1 3
3 1 −2 4    
a) A = B= b) A =  1 0 4  B= 0 7 4 
0 −2 3 5
−2 21 3 1 3 2
" # " √ # " # " #
1 −3 0 2 2 2 α 1−α −α 7 + 2α
c) A = B= √ d) A = B=
3 4 −2 1 5 − 3 −3 4 0 3α

Exercise 9.2. Find if exist: A · B , A · B T , B · A, B · AT , where:

 
" # −2 1 3 " # " #
1 −3 0   3 1 −2 4
a) A = B= 0 7 4  b) A = B=
3 4 −2 0 −2 3 5
1 3 2

Exercise 9.3. Solve the following equations or set of equations:

 " #

 7 0
" # " # 
 X +Y =

 1 −2
1 −4 −2 3 −5 2
a) 2 +X = b) " #
3 7 0 1 −11 3 
 1 4


 2X + 3Y = 5 −1


Exercise 9.4. Compute the determinants:

¯ ¯
¯ ¯ ¯ 1 7 ¯¯
0 1
¯ ¯ ¯ 1 3 −2 ¯ ¯
¯ 7 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ 0 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 0 −3 2 2 ¯¯
a) ¯ ¯ b) ¯ 2 4 5 ¯ c) ¯¯
¯ 1 −1 ¯ ¯
¯ −1 0 −2
¯
¯ ¯ 0 0 4 −4 ¯¯
¯ ¯
¯ 0 0 0 5 ¯

Exercise 9.5. Compute the determinants reducing to the triangular matrix:

¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ −1 −2 4 1 ¯ ¯ 0 1 3 −2 ¯¯
¯ ¯ ¯
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ −3 1 3 1 ¯ ¯ 1 2 −1 4 ¯¯
a) ¯¯ ¯
¯
¯
b) ¯
¯ 0 2 1 4 ¯ ¯ −1 −3 −5 0 ¯¯
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ 1 −1 2 0 ¯ ¯ 1 3 −2 1 ¯

Exercise 9.6. Compute the determinants using cofactor expansions (a, b, c, d ∈ R):
¯ ¯
¯ ¯ ¯ 2 −1 3 1 3 ¯¯ ¯ ¯
¯ 1 −2 0 0 ¯¯ ¯ ¯ a 3 0 1 ¯
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ ¯ ¯ 0 1 0 −1 0 ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ 0 1 3 5 ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 0 b 2 −1 ¯
¯
a) ¯ b) ¯¯ 1 3 0 2 −1 ¯¯ c) ¯¯ ¯
¯ 2 4 −1 −1 ¯¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 1 0 c 3 ¯
¯
¯ ¯ ¯ 3 −1 −1 −2 −1 ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ −2 2 0 1 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ −5 d 0 1 ¯
¯ 0 3 1 2 1 ¯

Last update: December 16, 2008 1

 9 Matrices

Exercise 9.7. Solve the equations:

¯ ¯
¯ ¯ ¯ 1+x 1 1 1 ¯
¯ 2 x + 2 −1 ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ ¯ ¯ 1 1−x 1 1 ¯
a) ¯ 1 1 −2 ¯ = 0 b) ¯¯ ¯=0
¯
¯ ¯ ¯ 1 1 1+x 1 ¯
¯ 5 −3 x ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ 1 1 1 1−x ¯

Exercise 9.8. Find the inverse matrix if exists:

 
" #     2 0 0 4
1 3 1 −1 0 1 2 3  
     0 0 0 1 
a) 2 5 b)  2 3 1  c)  0 1 5  d) 


 0 2 0 0 

(from the denition) 1 1 1 1 2 3
−1 0 1 0

Exercise 9.9. Solve the equations:

" # " # " # " #
−1 1 −2 −1 1 3 5 6
a) X · = b) 3 · X + = ·X
3 −4 3 4 −2 1 7 8
   
1 1 −1 1 2
   
c)  4 5 −4  · Y =  0 −1 
−2 −3 3 2 1

Answers: " # " # " #

1 5 6 2 8 −2
Exercise 9.1. a) A + B = , 2A = , 2A − B = , A − αB =
3 3 0 −4 −3 −9
     
" # −2 8 4 0 14 2 2 13 −1
3 + 2α 1 − 4α      
b) A+B =  1 7 8  , 2A =  2 0 8  , 2A−B =  2 −7 4  ,
−3α −2 − 5α
−1 27 5 −4 1 6 −5 −2 4
 
2α 7 − α 1 − 3α " √ # " #
  3 −1 2 2 −6 0
A − αB =  1 −7α 4 − 4α  c) A + B = √ , 2A = ,
1
4 9 −2 − 3 6 8 −4
−2 − α 2 − 3α 3 − 2α
" √ # " √ # " #
0 −8 − 2 1 − 2α −3 − 2α −α 2 0 8+α
2A−B = √ , A−αB = √ d) A+B = ,
5 3 −4 + 3 3 − α 4 − 5α −2 + α 3 −3 4 + 3α
" # " #
2α 2 − 2α 3α −5 − 4α
2A = , 2A − B = ,
−6 8 −6 8 − 3α
" #
α + α2 1 − α − α (7 + 2α)
A − αB = .
−3 4 − 3α2
" # " # " #
−2 −20 −9 −5 −21 −8 −3 17
Exercise 9.2. a) , , impossible, impossible, b) ,
−8 25 21 −8 20 11 −6 −10
" # " # " #
−2 14 −6 −10 −2 −8
, , .
−8 −10 9 −7 14 −10

Last update: December 16, 2008 2

 9 Matrices

" # " # " #

1 3 6 20 −4 −13 4
Exercise 9.3. a) X = , b) X = ,Y = .
−5 −25 3 −2 −5 3 3
Exercise 9.4. a) −7, b) −19, c) −60.
Exercise 9.5. a) 65, b) −11.
Exercise 9.6. a) −29, b) 49, c) abc + 6ad + adc + 96 − 2d + 15c + 5bc.  
 2    1
−2 0 0
" # 1
− 13 1 2 3  2 
−5 3 3
 1 1
3  0 0 12 0 
1   
Exercise 9.7. a) , b)  − 3 3 − 3  , c)  0 1 5  , d)  
 1 −2 0 1  .
2 −1  2 
− 13 − 23 53 1 2 3
0 1 0 0
 
" # " # 5 7
17 9
11 3 − 32 − 32  
Exercise 9.9. a) X = , b) X = 11 19
, c) Y =  −4 −9 .
−24 −7 32 32
0 −4

Last update: December 16, 2008 3