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    Engineering Mechanics by RR - Bose-3

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    Engineering Mechanics by RR - Bose-3

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    Engineering Mechanics by RR.Bose-3

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    Engineering Mechanics by RR.Bose-3

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    Engineering Mechanics by RR.Bose-3

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    Download as pdf or txt
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    Engineering Mechanics by RR - Bose-3

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    Engineering Mechanics by RR.Bose-3

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    Contents

    64 „ A Textbook of Engineering Mechanics

    ∴ 200 cos 56.1° 200 × 0.5571


    R1 = = = 134.2 N Ans.
    sin 56.1° 0.830

    and 200 200


    R2 = = = 240.8 N Ans.
    sin 56.1° 0.8300

    Now consider the equilibriXum of the cylinder Q. It is in equilibrium under the action of the
    following four forces, which must pass through the centre of the cylinder as shown in Fig. 5.15 (a).
    1. Weight of the cylinder Q (500 N) acting downwards.
    2. Reaction R2 equal to 240.8 N of the cylinder P on cylinder Q.
    3. Reaction R3 of the cylinder Q on the inclined surface.
    4. Reaction R4 of the cylinder Q on the base of the channel.

    Fig. 5.15.
    A little consideration will show, that the weight of the cylinder Q is acting downwards and the
    reaction R4 is acting upwards. Moreover, their lines of action also coincide with each other.
    ∴ Net downward force = (R4 – 500) N
    The system of forces is shown in Fig. 5.15 (b).
    Applying Lami’s equation at B,
    R3 240.8 R4 – 500
    = =
    sin (90° + 56.1°) sin 60° sin (180° + 30° – 56.1°)

    R3 240.8 R – 500
    = = 4
    cos 56.1° sin 60° sin 26.1°

    240.8 × cos 56.1° 240.8 × 0.5577


    ∴ R3 = = = 155 N Ans.
    sin 60° 0.866

    240.8 × sin 26.1° 240.8 × 399


    and R4 – 500 = = = 122.3 N
    sin 60° 0.866
    ∴ R4 = 122.3 + 500 = 622.3 N Ans.
    Contents

    Chapter 5 : Equilibrium of Forces „ 65


    Example 5.7. Three cylinders weighting 100 N each and of 80 mm diameter are placed in a
    channel of 180 mm width as shown in Fig. 5.16.

    Fig. 5.16.
    Determine the pressure exerted by (i) the cylinder A on B at the point of contact (ii) the
    cylinder B on the base and (iii) the cylinder B on the wall.
    Solution. Given : Weight of each cylinder = 100 N ; Dia. of each cylinder = 80 mm and
    width of channel = 180 mm
    (i) Pressure exerted by the cylinder A on the cylinder B
    Let R1 = Pressure exerted by the cylinder A on B. It is also equal to pressure
    exerted by the cylinder A on B.
    First of all, consider the equilibrium of the cylinder A. It is in equilibrium under the action of
    the following forces, which must pass through the centre of the cylinder as shown in Fig. 5.17 (a).
    1. Weight of the cylinder 100 N acting downwards.
    2. Reaction R1 of the cylinder B on the cylinder A.
    3. Reaction R2 of the cylinder C on the cylinder A.
    Now join the centres O, P and Q of the three cylinders. Bisect PQ at S and join OS as shown
    in Fig. 5.17 (b).

    Fig. 5.17.
    From the geometry of the triangle OPS, we find that
    OP = 40 + 40 = 80 mm
    and PS = 90 – 40 = 50 mm
    PS 50
    ∴ sin ∠ POS = = = 0.625
    OP 80
    or ∠ POS = 38.7°
    Contents

    66 „ A Textbook of Engineering Mechanics


    Since the triangle OSQ is similar to the triangle OPS, therefore ∠ SOQ is also equal
    to 38.7°. Thus the angle between R 1 and R 2 is 2 × 38.7° = 77.4°.
    And angle between R1 and OS (also between R2 and OS)
    = 180° – 38.7° = 141.3°
    The system of forces at O is shown in Fig. 5.17 (b). Applying Lami’s equation at O,
    R1 R2 100
    = =
    sin 141.3° sin 141.3° sin 77.4°
    R1 R2 100
    = = ...[Q sin (180° – θ) = sin θ]
    sin 38.7° sin 38.7° sin 77.4°
    100 × sin 38.7° 100 × 0.6252
    ∴ R1 = = = 64.0 N Ans.
    sin 77.4° 0.9759
    Similarly R2 = R1 = 64.0 N Ans.
    (ii) Pressure exerted by the cylinder B on the base
    Let R3 = Pressure exerted by the cylinder B on the wall, and
    R4 = Pressure exerted by the cylinder B on the base.

    Fig. 5.18.
    Now consider the equilibrium of the cylinder B. It is in equilibrium under the action of the
    following forces, which must pass through the centre of the cylinder as shown in Fig. 5.18 (a).
    1. Weight of the cylinder 100 N acting downwards.
    2. Reaction R2 equal to 64.0 N of the cylinder A on the cylinder B.
    3. Reaction R3 of the cylinder B on the vertical side of the channel.
    4. Reaction R4 of the cylinder B on the base of the channel.
    A little consideration will show that weight of the cylinder B is acting downwards and the
    reaction R4 is acting upwards. Moreover, their lines of action also coincide with each other.
    Therefore net downward force will be equal to (R4 – 100) N.
    The system of forces is shown in Fig. 5.18 (b). Applying Lami’s equation at P,
    64 R3 ( R4 – 100)
    = =
    sin 90° sin (180° – 38.7°) sin (90° + 38.7°)
    64 R3 R – 100
    = = 4
    1 sin 38.7° cos 38.7°
    ∴ R4 – 100 = 64 cos 38.7° = 64 × 0.7804 = 50 N
    Contents

    Chapter 5 : Equilibrium of Forces „ 67


    or R4 = 50 + 100 = 150 N Ans.
    (iii) Pressure exerted by the cylinder B on the wall
    From the above Lami’s equation, we also find that
    R3 = 64 sin 38.7° = 64 × 0.6252 = 40 N Ans.
    Note. Since the cylinders B and C are symmetrically placed, therefore pressures exerted
    by the cylinder C on the wall as well as channel will be the same as those exerted by the cylinder B.
    Example 5.8. A uniform rod AB remains in equilibrium position resting on a smooth inclined
    planes AC and BC, which are at an angle of 90° as shown in figure given below :

    Fig. 5.19.
    If the plane BC makes an angle of α with the horizontal, then what is the inclination θ of the
    rod AB with the plane AC.
    Solution. The rod is in equilibrium under the action of the following three forces,
    1. Weight of the rod acting vertically through the mid-point G of the rod AB.
    2. Reaction RA at A normal to the plane AC, and
    3. Reaction RB at B normal to the plane BC.
    Let these three forces meet at point D as shown in fig. 5.20

    Fig. 5.20.
    Since AD is perpendicular to AC and BD is perpendicular to BC, therefore AD is parallel to BC
    and BD is parallel to AC.
    and ∠ ADB = 90°
    The figure ADBC is a rectangle whose diagonal DGC is vertical
    GA = GC
    ∠ GAC = ∠ GCA
    ∴ θ = α Ans.

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