Wireless Sensors

Evaluation of long-range wireless transceivers with respect to their power consumption, network connectivity, and coverage under extreme field conditions is necessary prior to their deployment in large scale commercial orchards. This paper reports on the development and field performance of an affordable multi-channel wireless data acquisition for IoT monitoring of environmental variations in berry orchards. A connectivity board was custom-designed based on the powerful dual-core 32-bit microcontroller with WiFi antenna and LoRa modulation at 868MHz. The objective was to verify the possibility of transmitting multiple sensor readings with lower power consumption while increasing the reliability and stability of wireless communication at long distances (over 1.7 km). Collected data from the wireless sensor was compared and found to be consistent with measurements of a data logger installed in the same locations. The presented paper highlights the advantages of LoRa sensors for digital agriculture and the experience in real-time monitoring of environmental parameters in berry orchards.

Agriculture plays a significant role in most countries and there is an
enoromous need for this industry to become “Smart”. The Industry is now moving towards agricultural modernization by using modern smart
technologies to find solutions for effective utilization of scarce resources there by meeting the ever increasing consumtion needs of global population. With the advent of Internet of Things and Digital transformation of rural areas, these technologies can be leveraged to remotely monitor soil moisture, crop growth and take preventive measures to detect crop damages and threats. Utilize artificial intelligence based analytics to quickly analyze operational data combined with 3rd party information, such as weather services, expert advises etc., to provide new insights and improved decision making there by enabling farmers to perform “Smart Agriculture”. Remote
management of agricultural activities and their automation using new
technologies is the area of focus for this research activity. A solar powered
remote management and automation system for agricultural activities
through wireless sensors and Internet of Things comprising, a hardware
platform based on Raspberry Pi Micro controller configured to connect with a user device and accessed through the internet network. The data collection unit comprises a set of wireless sensors for sensing agricultural activities and collecting data related to agricultural parameters; the base station unit comprising: a data logger; a server; and a software application for processing, collecting, and sending the data to the user device. The user device ex: mobile, tablet etc. can be connected to an internet network, whereby an application platform (mobile-app) installed in the user device facilitates in displaying a list of wireless sensor collected data using Internet of Things and a set of power buttons. This paper is a study and proposal paper which discusses the factors and studies that lead towards this patent
pending invention, AGRIPI.

IoT is referred as “Internet of Things”. This paper provides information about the implementing the technologies based on sensors, protocols and application problems; with the IoT we can emphasis latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies and protocols. These technologies can directly enable application without any human interference. IoT enables developments of new technologies. In this research survey we have included all the current scenarios based on product identification and presented RFID based smart cart analysis apart from other survey papers we have provided more collective summery of available technologies and research of smart product identification to deliver standard information about emerging field and we have also discussed the pros and cons of all methods and issues regarding the research. We have also explained relationship between IoT and smart product based identification methodology; also we have included the RFID range and accuracy problems to fulfilment of the issue about product identification.

Vibration energy harvesting is receiving a considerable amount of interest as a means for powering wireless sensor nodes. This paper presents a small (component volume 0.1 cm 3 , practical volume 0.15 cm 3) electromagnetic generator utilizing discrete components and optimized for a low ambient vibration level based upon real application data. The generator uses four magnets arranged on an etched cantilever with a wound coil located within the moving magnetic field. Magnet size and coil properties were optimized, with the final device producing 46 µW in a resistive load of 4 k from just 0.59 m s −2 acceleration levels at its resonant frequency of 52 Hz. A voltage of 428 mVrms was obtained from the generator with a 2300 turn coil which has proved sufficient for subsequent rectification and voltage step-up circuitry. The generator delivers 30% of the power supplied from the environment to useful electrical power in the load. This generator compares very favourably with other demonstrated examples in the literature, both in terms of normalized power density and efficiency. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)

Design considerations for piezoelectric-based energy harvesters for MEMS-scale sensors are presented, including a review of past work. Harvested ambient vibration energy can satisfy power needs of advanced MEMS-scale autonomous sensors for numerous applications, e.g., structural health monitoring. Coupled 1-D and modal (beam structure) electromechanical models are presented to predict performance, especially power, from measured low-level ambient vibration sources. Models are validated by comparison to prior published results and tests of a MEMS-scale device. A non-optimized prototype low-level ambient MEMS harvester producing 30 µW/cm 3 is designed and modeled. A MEMS fabrication process for the prototype device is presented based on past work. 121 122 N. E. duToit et al.

Optimum microclimate parameters, including air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) that are uniformly distributed inside greenhouse crop production systems are essential to prevent yield loss and fruit quality. The objective of this research was to determine the spatial and temporal variations in the microclimate data of a commercial greenhouse with tomato plants located in the mid-west of Iran. For this purpose, wireless sensor data fusion was incorporated with a membership function model called Optimality Degree (OptDeg) for real-time monitoring and dynamic assessment of T, RH and VPD in different light conditions and growth stages of tomato. This approach allows growers to have a simultaneous projection of raw data into a normalized index between 0 and 1. Custom-built hardware and software based on the concept of the Internet-of-Things, including Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) transmitter nodes, a multi-channel LoRaWAN gateway and a web...

In this paper we explore the relation between the physical body movement and the digital manipulation of acoustic sound within the concept of Whole Body Interactive Performances. Instead of the traditional camera based systems for motion capture we propose the use of Wireless Inertial Measurement Units (WIMU) attached directly to the body. Although the use of camera based systems had taken this field of research to a certain level, the new methods based upon current technologies allow the analysis of an extensive range of movements in higher resolution and detail, as those are specifically designed for motion tracking applications.
Having in mind that an optimum goal in these experimentations but also in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) in general, is the transcription of the body movement to a digital machine using transparent technology, this research aims to investigate the potential of the existing technology to assist artistic practices in particular Live Art and Digital Performances. Through experimentations and interdisciplinary collaborations we explored several design concepts and defined a basic framework for studying these applications and validating our results.

Evaluation of long-range wireless transceivers with respect to their power consumption, network connectivity, and coverage under extreme field conditions is necessary prior to their deployment in large scale commercial orchards. This paper reports on the development and field performance of an affordable multi-channel wireless data acquisition for IoT monitoring of environmental variations in berry orchards. A connectivity board was custom-designed based on the powerful dual-core 32-bit microcontroller with WiFi antenna and LoRa modulation at 868MHz. The objective was to verify the possibility of transmitting multiple sensor readings with lower power consumption while increasing the reliability and stability of wireless communication at long distances (over 1.7 km). Collected data from the wireless sensor was compared and found to be consistent with measurements of a data logger installed in the same locations. The presented paper highlights the advantages of LoRa sensors for digital agriculture and the experience in real-time monitoring of environmental parameters in berry orchards.

A wireless temperature measurement system was developed and integrated into a cutting tool holder via a thermocouple embedded within the cutting tool. The primary purpose of such an embedded thermal measurement sensor/system is for online process monitoring of machining processes within which thermal damage poses a significant threat both for the environment and productivity alike -as is the case with the machining of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) components. A full system calibration was performed on the device. Response times were investigated and thermal errors, in the form of damping and lag, were identified. Experimental temperature results are presented which demonstrate the performance of the integrated wireless telemetry sensor during the edge trimming of CFRP composite materials. Thermocouple positioning relative to heat source effect was among the statistical factors investigated during machining experiments. Initial results into the thermal response of the sensor were obtained and a statistical package was used to determine the presence of significant main effects and interactions between a number of tested factors. The potential application of the embedded wireless temperature measurement sensor for online process monitoring in CFRP machining is demonstrated and recommendations are made for future advancements in such sensor technology.

There are various applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) including industrial, environmental, military, health applications etc. Gathering information about a given condition of environment in a given zone is the main task of these networks. The sensors are being deployed manually or randomly in the area to be monitored. Sensors are very small size and having different constraints like low energy, low communication range and low storage. The deployment strategies for WSN must be able to cope with obstacles and be energy efficient in order to increase the network lifetime. The deployment process is very much important in WSNs because coverage and connectivity is totally dependent on this. Here in this paper we present a review of coverage and connectivity issues and the impact of deployment on these factors. The paper presents the analysis of deployment issues and the factors influencing the deployment of WSNs. In conclusion he paper gives current trends and open issues in this area.

Folded patch antennas were investigated for the development of low-cost and wireless smart-skin sensors that monitor the strain in metallic structures. When the patch antenna is under strain/deformation, its resonance frequency varies accordingly. The variation can be easily interrogated and recorded by a wireless reader. The patch antenna adopts a specially chosen substrate material with low dielectric attenuation, as well as an inexpensive off-the-shelf radiofrequency identification (RFID) chip for signal modulation. Since the RFID chip harvests electromagnetic power from the interrogation signal emitted by the reader, the patch antenna itself does not require other (internal) power sources and, thus, serves as a battery-less (passive) and wireless strain sensor. In this preliminary investigation, a prototype folded patch antenna has been designed and manufactured. Tensile testing results show strong linearity between the interrogated resonance frequency and the strain experienced by the antenna. Through experiments, the strain sensing resolution is demonstrated to be under 50 μϵ, and the wireless interrogation distance is shown to be over a few feet for this preliminary prototype.

Abstract—This paper presents a low-power ECG recording
system-on-chip (SoC) with on-chip low-complexity lossless ECG
compression for data reduction in wireless/ambulatory ECG
sensor devices. The chip uses a linear slope predictor for data
compression, and incorporates a novel low-complexity dynamic
coding-packaging scheme to frame the prediction error into
fixed-length 16 bit format. The proposed technique achieves an
average compression ratio of 2.25× on MIT/BIH ECG database.
Implemented in a standard 0.35 μm process, the compressor uses
0.565 K gates/channel occupying 0.4 mm for four channels, and
consumes 535 nW/channel at 2.4 V for ECG sampled at 512 Hz.
Small size and ultra-low-power consumption makes the proposed
technique suitable for wearable ECG sensor applications.

Isolated grounded networks pose a challenge to fault detection and localization equipment since in the case of single line to ground faults, the zero sequence currents in the systems are relatively low compared to other grounding regimes. This is because of the lack of a fixed grounding point, with the only ground path being the natural shunt capacitances of the feeders or lines. A new approach has been tested and we will summarize in this paper the results of the test carried out with a Real Time Digital and the experience in the field from an R&D pilot project called REDNA.

A thorough understanding of the failure initiation process is crucial in the development of physicallybased early warning system for landslides and slope failures. Laboratory-scale slope models were constructed and subjected to instability through simulated groundwater infiltration. This is done by progressively increasing the water level in the upslope tank and allowing water to infiltrate laterally towards the toe of the slope. Physical changes in the slope models were recorded by tilt sensors and video cameras. When the model slope was destabilized, the chronology of events occurred in the following sequence: (1) bulging at the toe, (2) seepage at the toe, (3) initial failure of soil mass, (4) piping, (5) retrogressive failure, (6) formation of tension cracks and (7) major failure of soil mass. Tension cracks, piping and eventual failure are manifestations of differential settlements due to variations in void ratio. Finite element analysis indicates that instability and subsequen...

Medium Access Control with Overlapped Schedules for wireless sensor networks has been used to prolong
wireless sensor network lifetime. In this technique the sensors are alternate between sleeping and awaking period.
During the sleeping period, there is no energy consumption due to communication. However, the MAC algorithm
has to ensure the awaking period of sensors sufficiently overlaps in order to allow nodes to communicate with each
other. This dissertation proposes an algorithm that arranges the nodes in the form of hierarchical i.e. tree based.
The nodes of the same level have overlapped schedules. The nodes of the same level get synchronized. It reduces the
energy consumption as well as the delay due to the limited communication between the nodes. The proposed
algorithm is implemented using the NS2 and the PDR, E2Edelay and the energy consumption is calculated to
analyze the performance of the proposed and existing protocol. The simulation results confirm the better
performance of the proposed protocol as compared the existing protocol. The increase in PDR, decrease in the
E2Edelay and the decrease in the energy consumption of the proposed protocol as compared to existing protocol
show better performance of proposed protocol as compared to exiting protocol. It means the life of the node get
increased i.e. enhanced network life time.

This paper presents a fully integrated active RFID tag, realized in a 3.3V 0.35µm CMOS process, which exploits an on-chip loop antenna for short-range communications. This solution eliminates the need of a post-process assembled external antenna thus allowing to obtain a low-cost system for RFID applications. The implemented chip uses a 2.5GHz complementary cross-coupled LC oscillator based OOK transmitter. The system is duty cycled for reducing the power consumption. For the transmission of the stored 32bit indentifying code at 5kbit/s data rate, the average power consumption is 160µW. The integrated loop antenna radiates sufficient power for 1m communication range.

Optimum microclimate parameters, including air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) that are uniformly distributed inside greenhouse crop production systems are essential to prevent yield loss and fruit quality. The objective of this research was to determine the spatial and temporal variations in the microclimate data of a commercial greenhouse with tomato plants located in the mid-west of Iran. For this purpose, wireless sensor data fusion was incorporated with a membership function model called Optimality Degree (OptDeg) for real-time monitoring and dynamic assessment of T, RH and VPD in different light conditions and growth stages of tomato. This approach allows growers to have a simultaneous projection of raw data into a normalized index between 0 and 1. Custom-built hardware and software based on the concept of the Internet-of-Things, including Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) transmitter nodes, a multi-channel LoRaWAN gateway and a web-based data monitoring dashboard were used for data collection, data processing and monitoring. The experimental approach consisted of the collection of meteorological data from the external environment by means of a weather station and via a grid of 20 wireless sensor nodes distributed in two horizontal planes at two different heights inside the greenhouse. Offline data processing for sensors calibration and model validation was carried in multiple MATLAB Simulink blocks. Preliminary results revealed a significant deviation of the microclimate parameters from optimal growth conditions for tomato cultivation due to the inaccurate timer-based heating and cooling control systems used in the greenhouse. The mean OptDeg of T, RH and VPD were 0.67, 0.94, 0.94 in January, 0.45, 0.36, 0.42 in June and 0.44, 0.0, 0.12 in July, respectively. An in-depth analysis of data revealed that averaged OptDeg values, as well as their spatial variations in the horizontal profile were closer to the plants’ comfort zone in the cold season as compared with those in the warm season. This was attributed to the use of heating systems in the cold season and the lack of automated cooling devices in the warm season. This study confirmed the applicability of using IoT sensors for real-time model-based assessment of greenhouse microclimate on a commercial scale. The presented IoT sensor node and the Simulink model provide growers with a better insight into interpreting crop growth environment. The outcome of this research contributes to the improvement of closed-field cultivation of tomato by providing an integrated decision-making framework that explores microclimate variation at different growth stages in the production season

— Wireless Network is comprises of inexpensive and simple processing procedure, called sensor node. A Wireless Network is an accumulation of dedicated transducers with a transmission framework for examining and reporting circumstances at assorted areas. Sybil attack is such type of attack where in a standing structure is subverted by an impressive amount of forged identities in disseminated networks. In this paper, we learn about Sybil attack in MANET and also no. of papers regarding Sybil attack detection.

This research investigates a passive wireless antenna sensor designed for strain and crack sensing. When the antenna experiences deformation, the antenna shape changes, causing a shift in the electromagnetic resonance frequency of the antenna. A radio frequency identification (RFID) chip is adopted for antenna signal modulation, so that a wireless reader can easily distinguish the backscattered sensor signal from unwanted environmental reflections. The RFID chip captures its operating power from an interrogation electromagnetic wave emitted by the reader, which allows the antenna sensor to be passive (battery-free). This paper first reports the latest simulation results on radiation patterns, surface current density, and electromagnetic field distribution. The simulation results are followed with experimental results on the strain and crack sensing performance of the antenna sensor. Tensile tests show that the wireless antenna sensor can detect small strain changes lower than 20 µε, and can perform well at large strains higher than 10 000 µε. With a high-gain reader antenna, the wireless interrogation distance can be increased up to 2.1 m. Furthermore, an array of antenna sensors is capable of measuring the strain distribution in close proximity. During emulated crack and fatigue crack tests, the antenna sensor is able to detect the growth of a small crack.

Wireless Sensor Network for their rapid deployment can be used in habitat monitoring for detecting fire and in disaster for helping rescue teams. Node localization is key factor for some applications. We propose the Triangular Centroid Localization algorithm (TCL). It is based in simple trigonometric figures and it does not require special hardware or synchronization time. In our simulations using the received signal strength indicator; TCL improves the accuracy of Centroid Localization (CL) in 54% and Weighted Centroid Localization (WCL) in 64%; using the link quality indicator it improves to CL in 38% and WCL in 64.98%.

In computation of mental stress, various features are determined from a range of physiological signals. During stress, hormones levels inside the body of a stressed person are changed that results in a number of biomedical signals that are communicated among different body organs. A wireless wearable platform has been designed that record these biomedical signals. To induce stress, a series of cognitive experiments were developed that produce stress on the participants. EDA, HRV, respiration and brain signals are used for computing features and the objective was to identify most significant feature or their various combinations. It is verified that EDA features achieves a similar accuracy that can be obtained using various combination of features or using a master set containing all the features. The classification accuracy is more than 80% using EDA with a SVM model containing rbf kernel.

A design of amplitude modulated (AM) modem, compatible to CMOS technology for its monolithic integration with either wireless microsensors or other sources of baseband signals, is presented in this paper operating in different frequency bands. Circuits functional in different operating conditions are considered in the paper to satisfy the requirement from low- to high-speed signals produced either from the wireless sensor or other signal source to be modulated on a MHz or GHz carrier signal in the industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band. Different modem circuit designs are presented in the paper right from the module up to the schematic level after their analysis, circuit simulations are carried out using spice with its equivalent Hspice MOS model level 13 for the CMOS process of SCL 1.2 micrometer semiconductor foundry.

Fluctuation enhanced sensing (FES) is a promising method to improve information extraction from noisy sensor signal especially in the rapidly growing field of semiconductor and nanotechnology gas sensors. Some attempts were made to support the application of the principle in low power, battery powered devices and partial results are available. In this paper we present a complete mixed-signal system that contains a low power analog and digital signal processing part as well. Besides theoretical investigations we have carried out measurements and simulations to optimize the performance and achieve high accuracy. Including all components and processing the system needs only 2mA of active supply current working from a 3V battery and a coin cell battery can provide 250 days of operation at sample rate of 6 samples per hour.

This research investigates a passive wireless antenna sensor designed for strain and crack sensing. When the antenna experiences deformation, the antenna shape changes, causing a shift in the electromagnetic resonance frequency of the antenna. A radio frequency identification (RFID) chip is adopted for antenna signal modulation, so that a wireless reader can easily distinguish the backscattered sensor signal from unwanted environmental reflections. The RFID chip captures its operating power from an interrogation electromagnetic wave emitted by the reader, which allows the antenna sensor to be passive (battery-free). This paper first reports the latest simulation results on radiation patterns, surface current density, and electromagnetic field distribution. The simulation results are followed with experimental results on the strain and crack sensing performance of the antenna sensor. Tensile tests show that the wireless antenna sensor can detect small strain changes lower than 20 µε, and can perform well at large strains higher than 10 000 µε. With a high-gain reader antenna, the wireless interrogation distance can be increased up to 2.1 m. Furthermore, an array of antenna sensors is capable of measuring the strain distribution in close proximity. During emulated crack and fatigue crack tests, the antenna sensor is able to detect the growth of a small crack.

This paper describes the HOP system. It consists of a wireless module built up by multiple nodes and a base station. The nodes detect acceleration of e.g. human movement. At a rate of 100 Hertz the base station collects the acceleration samples. The data can be acquired in real-time software like Pure Data and Max/MSP. The data can be used to analyze and/or sonify movement.

We study an energy harvesting wireless sensor nods which harvests energy and senses and transmits data. Both data and energy are represented as discrete quantitities using the previously introduced in "Energy Packet Network" paradigm. For each ata packet, the sensor requires and consumes Ke energy packets for sensing and storage and Kt energy packets for transmission. Assuming random processes for sensing and energy harvesting, we obtain a two-dimensional random walk model and reduce its complexity using companion matrices and matrix algebra techniques. The resulting solution allows us to obtain, in steady-state, all the metrics of interest such as the backlog of energy and data in the sensor. We also consider the case when M sensors operate in proximity and create some interference for each other.

Optimum microclimate parameters, including air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) that are uniformly distributed inside greenhouse crop production systems are essential to prevent yield loss and fruit quality. The objective of this research was to determine the spatial and temporal variations in the microclimate data of a commercial greenhouse with tomato plants located in the mid-west of Iran. For this purpose, wireless sensor data fusion was incorporated with a membership function model called Optimality Degree (OptDeg) for real-time monitoring and dynamic assessment of T, RH and VPD in different light conditions and growth stages of tomato. This approach allows growers to have a simultaneous projection of raw data into a normalized index between 0 and 1. Custom-built hardware and software based on the concept of the Internet-of-Things, including Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) transmitter nodes, a multi-channel LoRaWAN gateway and a web...

Folded patch antennas were investigated for the development of low-cost and wireless smart-skin sensors that monitor the strain in metallic structures. When the patch antenna is under strain/deformation, its resonance frequency varies accordingly. The variation can be easily interrogated and recorded by a wireless reader. The patch antenna adopts a specially chosen substrate material with low dielectric attenuation, as well as an inexpensive off-the-shelf radiofrequency identification (RFID) chip for signal modulation. Since the RFID chip harvests electromagnetic power from the interrogation signal emitted by the reader, the patch antenna itself does not require other (internal) power sources and, thus, serves as a battery-less (passive) and wireless strain sensor. In this preliminary investigation, a prototype folded patch antenna has been designed and manufactured. Tensile testing results show strong linearity between the interrogated resonance frequency and the strain experienced by the antenna. Through experiments, the strain sensing resolution is demonstrated to be under 50 μϵ, and the wireless interrogation distance is shown to be over a few feet for this preliminary prototype.

This paper presents two new wireless temperature sensors made with a standard CMOS process exhibiting an onchip antenna. The realized chips include a 3-stage ring oscillator structure which transforms the silicon substrate temperature variation into a frequency modulation. The first device works at a frequency of about 750 MHz @ 30°C. The signal is transmitted by a small loop antenna structure which is realized by aluminium deposition on the top surface of the chip. The electronic design of the ring oscillator has been carefully tuned to get a linear dependence of frequency vs. temperature. However, a bias voltage dependence is observed. An improvement of this design involves the implementation of a technique, based on a mathematical procedure between two different signals, that allows the extraction of reliable information on temperature, regardless of the bias voltage variation, and without recurring to power consuming voltage regulators. This concept is implemented using two 3-stage ring oscillators with slightly different frequency-vs-temperature characteristics, both close however to 2.4 GHz, switched alternatively on for a few milliseconds. Each ring-oscillator has its own antenna and the device is realized with a standard 0.35 μm process, improving the antenna efficiency with respect the first one.

Rapid advances in sensing and data transmission techniques, such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), lower power wireless networking and in computation give hopes for a new generation of small, inexpensive, networked sensors that can be distributed on civil and building structures to provide accurate, quantitative information on the physical structure state while in service. This information can be used to assess the structural condition of the monitored facility and aid decision making on rehabilitation so that safety can be attained and rehabilitation costs can be reduced. The aim in EU-funded MEMSCON project is to develop MEMS-based sensors for construction monitoring and to integrate them with a Decision-Support-System (DSS) that will use the information from the above sensors to aid decisions on both proactive rehabilitation and on rehabilitation after earthquake damage in reinforced concrete buildings. Although today the appraisal of seismic damage is almost exclusively based on visual inspection, measuring quantitatively the response of buildings during and after an earthquake, in terms of acceleration and strain, is an easy task. However, building owners are somehow reluctant to install permanent sensing systems, both for the high costs of these devices and for the difficulty of interpreting the data. To overcome these limitations, the MEMCON project aims to produce small size sensing nodes, integrating MEMS-based sensors and an RFID tag in a single package that will be attached to reinforced concrete buildings for life-cycle measurements of acceleration and strain; data that will be transmitted to a remote base station using a wireless interface. These nodes will lead to an economically sustainable industrial deployment. The DDS, an automatic evaluation software, will process the measurements and define the condition state, particularly aiming at proactive rehabilitation and rehabilitation after earthquake damage in buildings. This DSS will accept input from the sensors in order to assess the structural condition of the monitored building and to select optimal remedial measures.

We describe a prototype testbed for responsiveenvironments built for free, improvisatory play. Thedemonstration installations are built using elements of thenext generation of the media choreography system built for the TGarden project: real-time video and real-time soundsynthesis engines, signal-bearing and image-bearing wovenmaterials, fabric-based wireless sensors.

Residential energy use accounts for 29 % of global energy consumption and 21 % of global CO2 emissions, making the residential sector an important focal point in relation to the dual issues of climate change and resource depletion. Improving heating in households would also have important socio-economic impacts, especially in relation to the health of the occupants. For example, in 2008/09 there were an estimated 36,700 more deaths during the winter period in England and Wales compared to an average non-winter period. Much of this excess mortality has been attributed to “fuel poverty”, which is defined by the UK Government Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) as “households needing to spend more than 10 % of income on fuel to maintain a satisfactory heating regime.” Traditionally, Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) is conducted against the prescribed performance specification and mainly relies on two activities; i) The effective collection of real world data and ii) the form...

Residential energy use accounts for 29 % of global energy consumption and 21 % of global CO2 emissions, making the residential sector an important focal point in relation to the dual issues of climate change and resource depletion. Improving heating in households would also have important socio-economic impacts, especially in relation to the health of the occupants. For example, in 2008/09 there were an estimated 36,700 more deaths during the winter period in England and Wales compared to an average non-winter period. Much of this excess mortality has been attributed to “fuel poverty”, which is defined by the UK Government Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) as “households needing to spend more than 10 % of income on fuel to maintain a satisfactory heating regime.” Traditionally, Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) is conducted against the prescribed performance specification and mainly relies on two activities; i) The effective collection of real world data and ii) the form...

This paper presents a fully integrated active RFID tag, realized in a 3.3V 0.35μm CMOS process, which exploits an on-chip loop antenna for short-range communications. This solution eliminates the need of a post-process assembled external antenna thus allowing to obtain a low-cost system for RFID applications. The implemented chip uses a 2.5GHz complementary cross-coupled LC oscillator based OOK transmitter. The

We demonstrate fabric and body-based gestural control of model-based sound synthesis for live musical expression by non-expert as well as trained performers. These softwear instruments are based on customized TinyOS wireless sensor platforms and our real-time sound synthesis methods. Our softwear instruments allow freehand, continuous and improvised gesture, and map such continuous gesture to real-time control of pseudo-physical, model-based synthesis. We explore parameterized variation between “natural” sound and “crafted” sound for expressive applications in experimental performance and in audio play.