Wireless Communications and Networking

This work evaluates the performance of Consumed-Energy-Type-Aware Routing (CETAR) which incorporates the amount of energy consumed per type of operation for routing decision to extend the lifetime of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). CETAR makes routing decision using statistics of the energy consumed for each type of node activities including sensing, data processing, data transmission as a source node, and routing operations. In particular, CETAR encourages a node which seldom plays a role of source node as a routing node to preserve the energy of active source nodes to prolong the functionality of the WSNs. Extensive simulation study demonstrates that the lifetime of the Geographic and Energy Aware Routing (GEAR) can be significantly extended with CETAR. With its adaptability to deployed sensor node behaviors, the significance
of CETAR to extend the lifetime of WSNs is clear.

The millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band is seen as a key enabler of multi-gigabit wireless access in future cellular networks. In order to overcome the propagation challenges, mmWave systems use a large number of antenna elements both at the base station and at the user equipment, which lead to high directivity gains, fully-directional communications, and possible noise-limited operations. The fundamental differences between mmWave networks and traditional ones challenge the classical design constraints, objectives, and available degrees of freedom. This paper addresses the implications that highly directional communication has on the design of an efficient medium access control (MAC) layer. The paper discusses key MAC layer issues, such as synchronization, random access, handover, channelization, interference management, scheduling, and association. The paper provides an integrated view on MAC layer issues for cellular networks, identifies new challenges and tradeoffs, and provides novel insights and solution approaches.

Next generation cellular radio systems will exceed the limitations of UMTS. The convergence of data and voice traffic will be supported by a flexible OFDM-based PHY layer and an OFDMA-capable MAC layer. The long term evolution (LTE) successor of the 3G systems incorporates this. But problems concerning coverage and capacity at the cell border still remain for the classical cellular layout. Relaying or Multihop operation is an option to massively improve the coverage as well as the capacity issue at low cost, without the need of a cable or fibre access. For the performance analysis of such cellular systems models for ISO-OSI layers 1+2 (PHY+MAC) are needed. In this paper an analytic modelling framework and results are presented for the cellular LTE performance in two multihop scenarios.

Mobile operators currently prefer optimizing their radio networks via re-homing or cutting over the cell sites in 2G
or 3G networks. The core network, as the parental part of radio network, is inevitably impacted by the re-homing in radio domain. This paper introduces the cell site re-homing in radio network and analyzes its impact on the performance of GSM/UMTS core network. The possible re-homing models are created and analyzed for core networks. The paper concludes that appropriate re-homing in radio domain, using correct algorithms, not only optimizes the radio network but also helps improve the QoS of the core network and saves the carriers’ OPEX and CAPEX on their core networks

Using Grid Storage, users can remotely store their data and enjoy the on-demand high quality applications and services from a shared networks of configurable computing resources, without the burden of local data storage and maintenance. In this project based on the dynamic secrets proposed design an encryption scheme for SG wireless communication, named as dynamic secret-based encryption (DSE). Dynamic encryption key (DEK) is updated by XOR the previous DEK with current DS. In this project based on the dynamic secrets proposed design an encryption scheme for SG wireless communication, named as dynamic secret-based encryption (DSE). The basic idea of dynamic secrets is to generate a series of secrets from unavoidable transmission errors and other random factors in wireless communications In DSE, the previous packets are coded as binary values 0 and 1 according to whether they are retransmitted due to channel error. This 0/1 sequence is called as retransmission sequence (RS) which is applied to generate dynamic secret (DS). Dynamic encryption key (DEK) is updated by XOR the previous DEK with current DS.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) has proliferated rapidly as a cost-effective solution for data aggregation and measurements under challenging environments. Sensors in WSNs are cheap, powerful, and consume limited energy. The energy consumption is considered to be the dominant concern because it has a direct and significant influence on the application's lifetime. Recently, the availability of small and inexpensive components such as microphones has promoted the development of wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs). Examples of WASN applications are hearing aids, acoustic monitoring, and ambient intelligence. Monitoring animals, especially those that are becoming endangered, can assist with biology researchers' preservation efforts. In this work, we first focus on exploring the existing methods used to monitor the animal by recognizing their sounds. Then we propose a new energy-efficient approach for identifying animal sounds based on the frequency features extracted from acoustic sensed data. This approach represents a suitable solution that can be implemented and used in various applications. However, the proposed system considers the balance between application efficiency and the sensor's energy capabilities. The energy savings will be achieved through processing the recognition tasks in each sensor, and the recognition results will be sent to the base station.

As in today's date fuel consumption is important in everything from scooters to oil tankers, power consumption is a key parameter in most electronics applications. The most obvious applications for which power consumption is critical are battery-powered applications, such as home thermostats and security systems, in which the battery must last for years. Low power also leads to smaller power supplies, less expensive batteries, and enables products to be powered by signal lines (such as fire alarm wires) lowering the cost of the end-product. As a result, low power consumption has become a key parameter of microcontroller designs. The purpose of this paper is to summarize, mainly by way of examples,what in our experience are the most trustful approaches to lowpower design. In other words, our contribution should not be intended as an exhaustive survey of the existing literature on low-power esign; rather, we would like to provide insights a designer can rely upon when power consumption is a critical constraint.We will focus on the reduction of power consumption on different technologies for different values of oicapacitance and also compare power saving in technologies.

International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.

This paper is an attempt to analyze Nigeria's principal cybercrime legislation from social, technical and legal perspectives in a bid to highlight some perceived gaps, which may hamper the expected goals of the law. An exploratory narrative-textual case study approach is adopted in this paper and emphasis is made on some grey areas identified in the law. The points discussed include the concept of critical national infrastructure vis-à-vis critical infrastructure, and the responsibilities of some vital agencies and ministries. A careful review of the legislation in comparison with international best practices showed some inadequacies owing to supposedly undefined scope of application. Consequent upon the foregoing, this paper concludes that while the principal legislation on cybercrime is praiseworthy, there is need to amend the extant law to provide for a more robust legislation that is both reactionary and effectively proactive in promoting other spheres of cybersecurity.

The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.

The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.

By using Visible Light Communication (VLC), in contrast to radio waves, the secure connection can be established more efficiently since the visible light could not radiate through most solid objects. VLC has been applied for many use cases, one of them is Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi). With Li- Fi, internet access is no longer using conventional RF spectrum as employed in Wi-Fi technology but apply visible light. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a Li-Fi on a System on Chip (SoC) with a low-cost discrete analog front end (AFE). We used ZYBO Zynq-7000 as a digital signal processing, 8 Watt yellow-colored high-brightness LED (HBLED) for downlink transmitter, and 3 Watts infrared LED (IR LED) for uplink transmitter. Our system is developed compliant with the IEEE 802.15.7 standard, i.e. PHY II.1. According to the result, our Li-Fi system makes the PC/Laptop connected to any internet sources with a maximum speed up to 500 kb/s, and the maximum optical channel distance (range between the light source and the light receptors) is about 110 cm with two lenses.

In recent decades, staggering number of mobile applications have been developed in the wireless technology arena. The Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) and the Long Term Evolution (LTE) have become the most common wireless technologies used for those applications. Mobile applications are classified into Real-Time (RT) and Non Real-Time (NRT). The growth in the number of users burdens the network with more congestion which requires techniques to carry different types of traffic simultaneously in order to alleviate the problem. Different types of traffic (RT or NRT) are managed by Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning techniques. The main issue with the dominant services (RT applications) is the fact that they are delay sensitive, and this is the motivation for building a scheme that enables both LTE and WiFi systems to achieve reasonable values for delay, jitter, and packet loss. In this paper, we propose a QoS provisioning method that could be adopted by both LTE and WiFi, separating the traffic into RT and NRT applications. In the first stage, Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ) and Round Robin (RR) disciplines are used for RT and NRT applications respectively. In the second step, Deficit Weighted Round Robin Queuing (DWRRQ) is used for all applications. In this paper, we have analyzed the results of implementation of the proposed scheme in LTE and WiFi networks, and have made a comparison between their results (jitter, end-to-end delay, and traffic received). Simulation results demonstrate improvement in delay for RT in both networks.

Xbee modülleri radyo sinyallerini kullanarak hem veri iletmek hem de veri almak için kullanılan küçük RF(radio frekans) aygıtlardır.Farklı frekanslarda yayın yapan, kablosuz Zigbee protokolünü kullanarak haberleşen uzun menzilli haberleşme modülüdür. Xbee modüllerinin en önemli özellikleri az güç tüketimi, uzun menzilde haberleşme imkanı ve network desteğidir. İkiden fazla modülün birbiri ile veri transferi yapması mümkündür.

Bu bölüm radyo iletişimi mümkün kılmak için gereken bilimsel temelleri içermektedir. Radyo
endüstrisinde iletişimin temel bileşenleri radyo cihazları ve ilgili frekans aralığıdır. Radyo,
elektrik işaretlerini veya elektromanyetik dalgaların kablosuz ortamlarda iletilmesi ve
alınmasıdır. Elektromanyetik dalgalar mevcut tüm frekansları temsil ederler, ancak mevcut
durumda tüm tayfın (spektrumun) sadece sinyal iletimine ayrılmış küçük bir bir parçasını
kullanabiliriz. Bu küçük frekans parçası genel olarak kullanılan Radyo Frekans (RF) tayfı
olup frekans aralığı yaklaşık 9 KHz ile 300 GHz arasındadır.
Bu bölümde elektromanyetik dalgaların temel bilimi ve radyo sinyallerinin taşıyıcı dalgaların
üzerine neden ve nasıl module edildikleri incelenecektir.
Anten tasarımı, dalga yayılım teknolojileri ile ilişkileri ve sinyal gücü ile bir kablosuz ağını
oluşturan elemanlar incelenecektir.
Son olarak, değişik hücresel sistemler ve radyo iletişimin nasıl ve neden regüle edildiği
tartışılacaktır.

International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.

Smart homes are among the most interesting applications of Internet of Things that enhance the quality of human life and brings more comfort, savings, convenience and peace of mind. In this paper, we propose a smart home system that uses Li-Fi technology as medium of commination between all the connected devices and uses a video surveillance system based on Wireless Visual Sensor Network. Li-Fi is a high-speed bi-directional fully connected technology that provides transmission of data through illumination using LED light bulb. The use of such technology in our proposed system ensures a high level of security, high speed of data transmission, low energy consumption and more convenience.

Wireless charging is a technology of transmitting
power through an air gap to electrical devices for the purpose
of energy replenishment. The recent progress in wireless
charging techniques and development of commercial products
have provided a promising alternative way to address the energy
bottleneck of conventionally portable battery-powered devices.
However, the incorporation of wireless charging into the existing
wireless communication systems also brings along a series of
challenging issues with regard to implementation, scheduling, and
power management. In this article, we present a comprehensive
overview of wireless charging techniques, the developments
in technical standards, and their recent advances in network
applications. In particular, with regard to network applications,
we review the static charger scheduling strategies, mobile charger
dispatch strategies and wireless charger deployment strategies.
Additionally, we discuss open issues and challenges in implementing
wireless charging technologies. Finally, we envision some
practical future network applications of wireless charging.

Servers and other IT devices inside datacenters have hardware component and other software or virtual component. Some programs are required to create and secure everything related to the virtual environment on IT devices. These programs can be free or require a prepaid license to be accessed .Most of the proposed datacenter total cost of ownership (TCO) models focus only on calculating the costs of the hardware component of IT devices and they ignore the costs of the other virtual component.In this paper, we present a cost model for building a datacenter and provide through it an analysis way to calculate the IT software license cost. Our model helps in solving a real problem in faculty of computers and information which plans to establish a datacenter. Our model can help the faculty administrators to know how much money they need to buy the IT devices and how much IT software license cost. We also calculate the cost of the power distribution equipment(PDU) and the uninterruptable power supply (UPS) systems which are required for operating the IT devices. The cost of the cooling systems that take the heat away once the power is consumed from IT devices, PDU devices and UPS systems is also calculated in our model.

International Journal of VLSI design & Communication Systems (VLSICS) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of VLSI Design & Communications. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced VLSI Design & communication concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the VLSI design & Communications.

The problem of wild animal attacks on crop fields i.e. crop vandalization becoming a very common phenomenon in the state of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and many other states. Wild animals like monkeys, estray animals especially cows and buffaloes, wild dogs, bison's, elephants, deer, wild pigs and even birds like parakeets cause a lot of damage to crops either by running over them or eating them and vandalizing them completely. This leads to poor yield of crops. These animals attack on fruit orchards and destroy the flowerings and fruits. In both cases, this leads to significant financial loss to the farmers and orchard owners. The problem is so pronounced that sometimes farmers decide to leave the area barren due to these animal attacks. The main aim of our project is to protect the crops from damage caused by animal as well as divert the animal without any harm. Animal detection system is designed to detect the presence of animal and offer a warning. In this project we used PIR and ultrasonic sensors to detect the movement of the animal and send signal to the controller .It diverts the animal by producing sound and signal further, this signal is transmitted to GSM and which gives an alert to farmers.

Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networks are attracting a lot of attention primarily because of their ability to offer affordable connectivity to the low-power devices distributed over very large geographical areas. In realizing the vision of the Internet of Things (IoT), LPWA technologies complement and sometimes supersede the conventional cellular and short range wireless technologies in performance for various emerging smart city and machine-to-machine (M2M) applications. This review paper presents the design goals and the techniques, which different LPWA technologies exploit to offer wide-area coverage to low-power devices at the expense of low data rates. We survey several emerging LPWA technologies and the standardization activities carried out by different standards development organizations (e.g., IEEE, IETF, 3GPP, ETSI) as well as the industrial consortia built around individual LPWA technologies (e.g., LORa Alliance,WEIGHTLESS-SIG, and DASH7 Alliance). We further note that LPWA technologies adopt similar approaches, thus sharing similar limitations and challenges. This paper expands on these research challenges and identifies potential directions to address them. While the proprietary LPWA technologies are already hitting the market with large nationwide roll-outs, this paper encourages an active engagement of the research community in solving problems that will shape the connectivity of tens of billions of devices in the next decade.

Now days wireless sensor network plays an important role for monitoring various parameter in the area of agriculture, coal mine, disaster management etc. Here ZigBee protocol is used for wireless communication. We successfully achieved wireless communication among multiple Firebird V robots and in between PC to Firebird V robots. In this paper we used centralized architecture i.e. star topology. We measure Received Signal Strength Indicators (RSSI) at various distance for indoor with Line of Sight (LOS) and for outdoor without LOS. We also measure transmission error and packet lost at various distance.

In this book deals with the fundamental cellular radio concepts such as frequency reuse and handoff. This also demonstrates the principle of trunking efficiency and how trunking and interference issues between mobile and base stations combine to affect the overall capacity of cellular systems. It presents different ways to radio propagation models and predict the large scale effects of radio propagation. This also covers small propagation effects such as fading, time delay spread and Doppler spread and describes how to measures signal bandwidth.
The objective of the student should be made to know the  characteristic of wireless channel, learn  the various cellular architectures, understand the concepts behind various digital signalling schemes for fading channels and also be familiar  the various multipath mitigation techniques and multiple antenna systems.
The outcomes of the course, the student should be able to characterize wireless channels, design and implement various signalling schemes for fading channels, design a cellular system, compare multipath mitigation techniques and analyze their performance, design with transmit/receive diversity and MIMO systems.

An ATT mark should be set as YES so that the network will no longer process the connection process using the MS as the called after the MS shuts down, thus saving the processing time of the network entities and saving lots of network resources.

The International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Computer Networks & Communications .The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Computer Networks & data Communications. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced networking concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Computer Networks & Communications.

In recent times, there has been a growing demand in our society on how life can be made much easier and pleasurable and at the same enhances time-saving. With the availability of wireless technology and internet functionalities, the idea of making significant changes from a remote location has now become one of the major devices that give such pleasure. In the global world today, where several complex systems and mechanisms need to be constantly and simultaneously monitored to ensure maximum efficiency, Control Systems have provided a solution that makes it possible. Therefore the main objective of this project is to design an automatic transfer switch with a wireless enabled control device.

This automatic transfer switch is good but it can be improved to become more efficient and effective by the introduction of a wireless handheld device that can be used to both monitor and control the entire complex system without having to be resigned to a stationary position.

— The global bandwidth shortage facing wireless carriers has motivated the exploration of the underutilized millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency spectrum for future broadband cellular communication networks. There is, however, little knowledge about cellular mm-wave propagation in densely populated indoor and outdoor environments. Millimeter-wave (mm W) frequencies between 30 and 300 GHz are a new frontier for cellular communication that offers the promise of orders of magnitude greater bandwidths combined with further gains via beamforming and spatial multiplexing from multielement antenna arrays This paper presents small-scale fading and Large-scale fading for millimeter-wave Transmission which is vital for the design and operation of future fifth generation cellular networks. The main reason of using mm Wave is Global bandwidth shortage due to which Wireless service providers (W.S.P) are facing many challenges. The solution to this problem is solved by mm Wave which provide Greater frequency allocation at millimeter wave which is needed for 5G cellular communication , Highly directional beam forming antennas as Frequency range is from 25GHz to 300GHz and wavelength between 10mm to 1mm. and Finest Quality Of Service(QOS). The backbone networks for 5G will move from copper cables to optical fiber cable to millimeter wave wireless communication.

8
th International Conference of Networks, Communications, Wireless and Mobile Computing
(NCWC 2022) looks for significant contributions to the Computer Networks, Communications,
wireless and mobile computing for wired and wireless networks in theoretical and practical aspects.
Original papers are invited on computer Networks, network protocols and wireless networks, Data
communication Technologies, network security and mobile computing. The goal of this
Conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus
on advanced networking concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research
results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in
the areas of Computer Science & Engineering.

Modbus is the de facto standard communication protocol for the industrial world. It was initially designed to be used in serial communications (Modbus RTU/ASCII). However, not long ago, it was adapted to TCP due to the increasing popularity of the TCP/IP stack. Since it was originally designed for controlled serial lines, Modbus does not have any security features. In this paper, we wrote several benchmarks to evaluate the performance of networking devices that run Modbus TCP. Parameters reported by our benchmarks include: (1) response time for Modbus requests, (2) maximum number of requests successfully handled by Modbus devices in a specific amount of time, and (3) monitoring of Modbus devices when suffering a Distributed Denial of Service attack. Due to the growing adoption of IoT technologies, we also selected two widely known and inexpensive development boards (ESP8266 and Raspberry Pi 3 B+/OpenPLC) to realize a performance evaluation of Modbus TCP.

SUMMARY In the near future, tactical wireless communications assets may have relevance in the government/military marketplace only to the extent that they support delivery of internet (IP) traffic within a flexible, survivable tactical network architecture. The extension of HF communications to wider bandwidths gives HF the potential to serve as a valuable component of such a network architecture. The principal benefits of wider HF bandwidths come in the form of increased throughput and increased reliability (link margin). However, these are not sufficient by themselves to ensure that HF can continue to add value to tactical networks. Further issues such as latency and Quality of Service must also be addressed, and the inherent characteristics of HF communications will continue to pose distinctive challenges in these areas. In this paper, we first review characteristic challenges of IP-based network communications over disadvantaged wireless channels, including HF. We then review known techniques for effective IP-based communications under such conditions, and show how such techniques have promise to make Wideband HF a very effective bearer for IP network traffic. In the bulk of the paper, we then consider an exemplary IP-based tactical network system-of-systems, the US Army Tactical Internet or LandWarNet, and discuss roles in which Wideband HF could be beneficially applied within this system-of-systems.

International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC)

(Scopus, ERA Listed)


ISSN 0974 - 9322 (Online); 0975 - 2293 (Print)


http://airccse.org/journal/ijcnc.html

New Issue: January 2020, Volume 12, Number 1 --- Table of Contents

http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2020.html

The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.

International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Wireless & Mobile Networks. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Wireless & Mobile Networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced wireless & mobile networking concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Wireless communications, nowadays, becomes a vital element of people's daily life. Providing global connectivity in future communication systems via the heterogeneous network opens up many research topics to investigate potentialities, enabling technologies, and challenges from the perspective of the integrated wireless systems. This paper aims to drive a comprehensive and comparative study on terrestrial-aerial platforms-satellite wireless communications systems, includes their characteristics and unravelling challenges. The comparison focuses on issues that reportedly can evaluate any wireless systems for temporary events. These issues are altitude and coverage, Radio Frequency (RF) propagation, interference, handover, power supply constraints, deployment and maintenance challenges, reliability on special events or disaster relief, cost-effectiveness and environmental impact. Last, Quality of service (QoS) performance is analysed for the four wireless communication systems from the temporary events perspective using the OPNET Modeller simulation tool. Results infer that space-based wireless systems outperform terrestrial ones.

The International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Computer Networks & Communications .The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Computer Networks & data Communications. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced networking concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.