Violence Aganist Women

Miben volt igaza és mit rontott el Geréb Ágnes? Pályakép, stratégiák és elméleti keret a magyarországi szabadszülés-mozgalom történetében.

A vezér elbukott, a háborút megnyerték: az otthonszülés mára legális, de csak kevesen férnek hozzá, a kórházi szülészet pedig borzasztó ütemben javul, ha egyáltalán. Geréb Ágnes lehetett volna ügyesebb, de nem lehetett volna sokkal sikeresebb. Munkaszervezés és ellenállási stratégiák, szakmai érdekérvényesítés és bírósági huzavona: Geréb Ágnes pályaképe a kilenecvenes évek legjellemzőbb vonásait viseli magán.

Ez a cikk eredetileg a Kettős Mércén jelent meg.

L’article est une restitution problématisée d’un terrain de recherche mené en Italie dans un centre anti-violence accueillant des femmes victimes de violences conjugales. L’étude s’inscrit dans une approche sémio-pragmatique, enrichie par les apports de l’interactionnisme symbolique, et s’appuie sur un dispositif de focus group au sein duquel les femmes ayant subi des violences ont été confrontées aux représentations que les campagnes institutionnelles véhiculent d’elles. L’analyse consiste en une mise en dialogue entre le corpus médiatique et la parole des enquêtées faisant émerger les effets de « ventriloquie », les injonctions et les paradoxes qui caractérisent le traitement médiatique de ce problème public.

This article presents the results of a fieldwork study conducted in Italy in an anti-violence center for female victims of domestic abuse. Based on a semio-pragmatic approach combined with symbolic interactionism (in the form of focus groups), the study explores how victims of domestic violence react to representations of their own situation of victimhood in institutional media campaigns against domestic abuse. The creation of a dialogue between the media corpus and women’s testimonies brings to light the effects of institutional‪‪ ‪« ‪ventriloquism‪ »‪ as well as the injunctions and paradoxes that characterize media coverage of this public problem.‪

The current view that behaviour which is manifest in non-human primates forms a baseline for human behaviours is examined with special reference to the development of gender determination. A review of 21 non-human primate societies suggests that the behaviour of the sexes relates to assumption and occupation of societal roles defined by the local group. The significance of these findings for the human condition is discussed.

A collective evaluation by leading Mexican intellectuals of the state of Mexico's social movements, society and politics on the eve of the 2006 presidential elections. Intro by Jan Rus and Miguel Tinker Salas; essays by Alejandro Álvarez Béjar, Raúl Delgado Wise, Olivia Ruiz, Sergio Aguayo and Javier Treviño Rangel, Luis Hernández Navarro, Adolfo Gilly, Enrique Semo, Carlos Montemayor, Richard Roman and Edur Velasco Arregui, Mercedes Olivera, Rosalva Aída Hernández Castillo, and David Barkin.

This article will evaluate whether, and to what extent, preventive measures in the fight
against money laundering may limit fundamental freedoms and human rights within the
European Union (“EU”). It will analyze two judgments rendered by the European Court of
Justice (“ECJ”) and one judgment rendered by the European Court of Human Rights
(“ECtHR”). In these three cases, the courts were asked to investigate the compatibility of
specific Anti-Money Laundering (“AML”) preventive measures with the freedom to provide
services enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFEU”) and
human rights. Considering the gravity of the phenomenon, AML measures have gradually
emerged as a “European general interest.” The Fourth EU Anti-Money Laundering
Directive, which has been recently adopted, displays this compelling need.

Phronetic organizational research is an approach to the study of management and organizations focusing on ethics and power. It is based on a contemporary interpretation of the Aristotelian concept phronesis, usually as ‘prudence’. Phronesis is the ability to think and act in relation to values, to deliberate about ‘things that are good or bad for humans’ in the words of Aristotle (1976:1140a24–b12). Phronetic organizational research effectively provides answers to the following four value-rational questions, for specific problematics in management and organization studies: 1. Where are we going with this specific management problematic? 2. Who gains and who loses, and by which mechanisms of power? 3. Is this development desirable? 4. What, if anything, should we do about it?

The aim of this study is to present a psychometrically sound instrument to assess intimate partner violence offenders' responsibility attributions: the Intimate Partner Violence Responsibility Attribution Scale. The scale was administrated to 423 adult male intimate partner violence offenders court-mandated to a community-based intervention program. A three factor structure (responsibility attribution to the legal system, responsibility attribution to the victim, and responsibility attribution to the offender personal context) was supported using confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability of the scales in this study was estimated using Cronbach's alpha, ρ and greatest lower bound. The Intimate Partner Violence Responsibility Attribution Scale correlated in theoretically expected ways with variables used to assess construct validity (system blaming, problems with partner, and responsibility assumption) and with variables used to assess criterion-related validity (satisfaction with legal system, victim-blaming attitudes, alcohol consumption, hostile sexism, stressful life events, social desirability, impulsivity and household income). Results support the validity and reliability of the Intimate Partner Violence Responsibility Attribution Scale.

This book examines the prevailing legal discourse surrounding domestic violence law in India. It investigates the myths, patriarchal stereotypes, and misconceptions that undermine the process of justice and dilute legal provisions to the detriment of survivors.

Crimes in the name of 'honour' are on a rise in our country. Both rural as well as urban areas are gripped with instances of horrific crimes where young citizens of our country are being killed for exercising their democratic right of choosing their life partners. The democratic minded people of our country are both shocked and distressed by these incidents. During last three decades, women's movement in India has provided institutional support to young lovers and newly married couples faced with life-threatening consequences. The murders of young women and men, who have married by choice or across caste barriers, often go unnoticed. There are no statistics on loss of lives due to honour related crimes. Many are not investigated because the community closes ranks, apparently making it impossible to find out what really happened.

Öz: Bu çalışma kadına yönelik şiddet eylemlerinin kültürel ve tarihsel arka planını temele alan uygulamalı bir
çözümlemeden meydana gelmektedir. Şiddet, ataerkil iktidar ilişkilerinin inşa ettiği bir eylem olarak dikkate
alınmaktadır. Şiddet eylemlerinde kadının ataerkil kültür yapısında, şiddeti yeniden üreten işlevi üzerinde durulmaktadır.
Kadının aile içerisinde sosyal ilişlileri düzenlemesi, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini koruması ve sürdürmesi
bu sürecin temel dayanak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Kadının tarihsel bağlamda sosyal konumu, hak ve özgürlüklerinin
gelişim sürecinin ele alınışı yapılan çalışmanın alt yapısını güçlendirmektedir. Çalışmanın uygulama kısmı
şiddet mağduru 10 kadınla yapılan nitel görüşmelerden oluşmaktadır.Nitel görüşmelerde şiddet eylemlerinin
ortaya çıkışı, şiddet biçimleri, aile ve evlilik yapıları sorgulanmaktadır. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler, içerik
analizi yapılarak çözümlenmektedir. Şiddetin cinsiyet rolleri aracılığı ile öğrenilmiş, benimsenmiş bir davranış olduğu
gözlenmektedir. Aile yapısı, evlilik ilişkileri aile içi ilişkiler dikkate alınarak şiddetin öğrenilen, aktarılan yönü
incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı kadının ataerkil ilişkiler içerisinde şiddetin yeniden üretilmesindeki etkisini
yapılan görüşmelerden beslenerek Albert Bandura’nın(1971)“Sosyal Öğrenme Teorisi”bağlamında ele almaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ataerkil Kültür, Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Kadın Hakları, Kadına Yönelik Şiddet, Sosyal Öğrenme
Teorisi

Violence is a confounding concept. It frequently defies explanation and lacks an agreed upon definition. Yet geographers are well positioned to bring greater conceptual clarity to violence by thinking through its intersections with space. In setting the tone for this special issue on Violence and Space we highlight some of the key lines of flight that have shaped geographical thinking on violence. While there are a significant number of geographers interested in the question of violence, the field of ‘geographies of violence’ remains an emerging area of research that deserves greater attention and a more rigorous examination. By emphasizing the spatiality of violence, this special issue aims to contribute to a more sustained conversation on the violent geographies that shape our daily lives, our encounters with institutions, and the various structures that configure our social organization. This introduction is but an initial sketch of what we believe needs to be a much larger and unfolding research agenda dedicated to understanding violence from a geographical perspective.

The spirit of entrepreneurship has been instrumental in achieving economic and social inclusion by redesigning social structure. It is for this reason that efforts are being made to keep this spirit of enterprise alive by creating conditions necessary for its emergence. In India the system of education lacked tone and tenor of entrepreneurship till the second five year plan period was completed because in a mixed economy model of development, the state itself played an entrepreneurial role. At the end of the second five year plan period there was a felt need for the presence of a vibrant Small Scale Sector (SSI) to provide forward and backward linkages to the large-scale industries developed in the economy. Small Scale Industries required new breed of business leaders in the form of entrepreneurs to expedite the economic growth. Consequently, efforts were made initially to train entrepreneurs and subsequently to develop entrepreneurs.

Kadına yönelik şiddet tüm toplumlarda yaygın bir sosyal sorun olarak varlığını devam ettirmektedir. Aile içinde yaşanan şiddet olaylarında ise genellikle mağdur kadına yönelik müdahaleler uygulanmakta, şiddeti ortaya çıkaran aile yapısı üzerinde durulmamaktadır. Halbuki aile karşılıklı ilişkiler ağından oluşan dinamik bir sistemdir ve şiddet gibi iç dengesini bozan ciddi bir sorunla karşılaştığında bütüncül bir müdahaleye ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Ailenin bozulan işlevselliğinin onarılmasında aile terapisinin pozitif katkı sağladığı görülmektedir. Aile terapisi yaklaşımında şiddet mağduru kadar, şiddet uygulayan ve şiddetten etkilenen diğer aile üyelerinin de katılımıyla ailedeki dengeyi ve uyumu bozan unsurlara bütüncül bir müdahale imkanı bulunmaktadır.
Violence against women is ongoing problem in all societies. In the case of family violence, certain interventions are applied which are generally concentrate on the women. However, family structure, that caused the violence, is neglected. Family is a dynamic system. When a family confronts the domestic violence, certainly needs an integrated intervention. Family therapy could be very helpful to improve functionality of family. In the approach of family therapy, alongside the aggrieved women, both the offender and other victims of domestic violence are scrutinized as a whole. In order to find a solution, certain constituents which are negatively affected stability and accordance in a family, integrated intervention is adopted.

Existiam em Coimbra durante o período aqui em apreço dois recolhimentos de mulheres: o Recolhimento do Paço do Conde e o Recolhimento da Misericórdia . Os recolhimentos foram um dos mecanismos de controlo dos destinos mulheris utilizados pelas autoridades eclesiásticas, civis e familiares, no intuito de combater aquilo que consideravam marginalização social feminina, sinónimo de degradação moral, isto é, liberdade sexual. Foi uma das estratégias que com mais eficácia alcançou o objectivo da normalização, impedindo o desvio social com o internamento das crianças e mulheres jovens (função desempenhada em Coimbra pelo Recolhimento da Misericórdia), ou castigando-o com o recolhimento das adultas que optavam ou involuntariamente caíam em situações socialmente reprováveis (objectivo do Recolhimento do Paço do Conde). Saliento que o conceito de estima social e seus derivados semânticos remetem -sem dúvida de forma redutora porque outras valorações existiam, nomeadamente nos meios que tais representações consideravam marginaispara uma noção de consenso ao nível das elites formadoras, consenso esse que, quanto ao comportamento sexual feminino, sem dúvida existe. Segundo as concepções "oficiais" do tempo, a família era o amparo natural e necessário das mulheres, mas quando o escudo familiar se fragilizava pela morte ou ausência do pai ou pela degradação económica do agregado, o recolhimento oferecia um bom sucedâneo: a mulher recolhida era impedida de prevaricar pela estrita reclusão , aí assimilava os valores e ensinamentos adequados ao seu sexo, Este texto socorre-se em grande parte do capítulo III ("Repressão e assistência em regime de clausura") do meu livro Pobreza, assistência e controlo social em Coimbra (1750-1850), Viseu, Palimage, 000, vols.

Kadına yönelik aile içi şiddet ulusal ve uluslararası alan yazında çok boyutlu olarak incelenmekte olan bir travmatik (örseleyici) bir yaşantı ve bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu alanda çalışmakta olan birçok meslek grubunun arasında psikologlar da yer almaktadır. Kadına yönelik aile içi şiddetin sınıflandırılması, yaygınlığının ve risk etmenlerinin belirlenmesi bu alanda yapılan çalışmaların güçlendirilmesine fayda gösterebilir. Bu alanda görev alan psikologlar ve diğer meslek elemanlarının risk altında olduğu ikincil travmatik stres, temsili (üstlenilmiş) travma, merhamet yorgunluğu ve mesleki tükenmişliğin ne olduğunun anlaşılması ve bu deneyimlerin nasıl geliştiğinin ele alınması meslek elemanlarının güçlendirilmesini ve olumsuz yaşantılara karşı korunmasını sağlayabilir. Kadına yönelik şiddetin kadın ve çocuklar üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması travma mağdurlarının hem fiziksel hem de psikolojik olarak nelerle karşılaştığının belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu bilgilerin güncel halinin ele alınması, kadına yönelik aile içi şiddet alanındaki travma mağdurlarının ve bu alanda çalışan meslek gruplarının deneyimlerinin belirlenmesine, bu deneyimlerde ortaklıkların olup olmadığının değerlendirilmesine, tedavi ve destek çalışmalarında yapılabile-cek müdahalelerin psikolojik boyutunun ele alınmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Bu çalışmada güncel ve ağırlıklı olarak Türkiye'de yapılan kadına yönelik aile içi şiddet konulu araştırmalar yukarıdaki başlıklar üzerinden tartışılmıştır. Çalışmada klinik psikoloji alanındaki kavram ve konular öncelikli olarak ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Abstract: Domestic violence against women is a traumatic experience and a public health problem which is studied multi-dimensionally in both national and international literature. Among the many occupational groups working in this field, there are psychologists. The classification, prevalence and risk factors in domestic violence against women may help strengthen the studies in this area. Understanding the secondary traumatic stress, vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue and occupational burnout in which psychologists and other professionals are at risk in this area and discussing how these experiences develop are elements that enable the strengthening of the professional staff and help to protect against negative experiences. The investigation of the effects of violence against women on women and children aims to determine what the victims of trauma physically and psychologically experience. This current review of studies may contribute to identifying the experiences of trauma victims in the domestic violence area and the professional groups working in the field, assessing whether they have common experiences from these experiences, and address the psychological aspects of interventions in treatment and support. In this study, current and primarily research on domestic violence against women in Turkey is discussed in respect to the topics mentioned above and the concepts and issues in the field of clinical psychology are studied.

During the onslaught of the Islamic caliphate on Kobanî, Syria, media outlets across the globe broadcast pictures of brave and often unveiled Kurdish women fighting the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS), a quintessentially male force of destruction. The images of women fighting Islamist male aggressors aroused outrage, admiration, and pity among observers. But had all Kurdish fighters been male or had women fought for ISIS, viewers might have reacted differently. To examine some of the most widely disseminated gendered pictures and videos of the Syrian uprising in the media, this article draws on Mohja Kahf’s three categories, which typify how Muslim women, Arab women, or both are perceived by the Anglophone reading and viewing public: the first is victims; the second, escapees; and the third, pawns of patriarchy and male power. While this typology helps in examining gendered images of the Syrian uprising, it also obscures the socioeconomic realities on the ground.

In this paper I examine the presence of rape myths and gender stereotypes,
and the norms of sexuality they reflect and reinforce, in Croatian rape laws, as
exemplified by the recent practice of the Zagreb County Court. I begin with a
general discussion of the gendered myths and stereotypes that have shaped the
content and application of the criminal law of rape everywhere. I then briefly
introduce the definition of rape under the 1997 Croatian Criminal Code which was
in force at the time of my research, after which I proceed to the critical analysis and
the assessment of the Zagreb County Court practice. Next, I turn to the changes in
the new Criminal Code to see how they address the identified problems. I offer a
model of an affirmative consent standard, based on a communicative model of
sexuality, which values reciprocal responsibility, communication and mutuality of
sexual desire. I argue that this standard has greater potential to challenge rape myths
and gender stereotypes and to promote sexual freedom and gender equality.

This study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee. This study has three main objectives: 1) providing an overview of the progress made by EU Member States in the area of violence against women; 2) presenting the state of play of the ratification or implementation of the Istanbul Convention by Member States; and 3) analysing the EU accession to the Istanbul Convention and its consequences. The study concludes with policy recommendations on the role of the European Parliament in monitoring the process of implementation of the Istanbul Convention.

The term ‘phronetic social science’ was coined in Making Social Science Matter (Flyvbjerg 2001). However, as pointed out in that volume and by Schram (2006), phronetic social science existed well before this particular articulation of the concept, but it was just not organized, recognized or named as such. Rather, it occurred here and there as scholars had adopted phronesis-like methods for their own purposes. The present title is the first organized volume of empirical–practical work in phronetic social science. Before Making Social Science Matter, phronesis, as a critical term of Aristotelian philosophy, had been theorized and its continuing importance as a key concept in Western thought had been convincingly argued by distinguished philosophers like Hans Georg Gadamer, Hannah Arendt, Alasdair MacIntyre and Richard J. Bernstein, among others. But no one had developed the theory and philosophy of phronesis into a practical methodology that could be applied by researchers interested in actually practising a phronetic social science. Making Social Science Matter developed such a methodology. Its implications were discussed and developed further in Making Political Science Matter (Schram and Caterino 2006). After these two theoretical–methodological contributions, it was evident that an important next step in demonstrating the usefulness of phronetic social science would be to illustrate, with concrete examples, how applied phronesis works in practical, empirical social science research. The contributions on applied phronesis contained in the present volume make clear that this next step has now been taken.

प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र का उद्देश्य महिलाओं की सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्थिति के आधार पर महिलाओं के प्रति हिंसा एवं संवैधानिक अधिकारो का अध्ययन करना है। शोधकार्य वर्णनात्मक (सर्वेक्षण) शोध प्रविधि पर आधारित है। जनसंख्या के लिए श्रीनगर, पौड़ी गढ़वाल के 13 वार्डों को चयनित किया जिसमें महिलाओं की कुल संख्या 9,364 है। आँकड़ो के सकंलन के लिए सुविधात्मक न्यादर्श विधि के आधार पर 500 परिवारों में से केवल 100 परिवारों से 100 महिलाओं का चयन यादृच्छिक विधि के द्वारा किया है। प्राथमिक स्रोत्र में प्रश्नावली एवं द्वितीयक स्रोत्र में पाठ्य-पुस्तकें, समाचार पत्र, पत्रिकाएं, एवं रिपोर्ट आदि के उपयोग द्वारा आंकड़ों का एकत्रीकरण किया है। शोध अध्ययन से प्राप्त निष्कर्ष के आधार पर ज्ञात हुआ है, कि महिलाओं के प्रति होने वाली हिंसा के प्रति 18 से 23 वर्ष की महिलाऐं अधिक जागरूकता के साथ अनुसूचित जाति की माहिलाओं में अधिक जागरूक पायी गयी। अविवाहित महिलाएं महिलाओं के प्रति होने वाली हिंसा एवं उनके अधिकारों के लिए अधिक जागरूक पायी गयी। हाईस्कूल से स्नातक स्तर की महिलाओं में हिंसा एवं अधिकारों को लेकर अधिक जागरूकता है। शिक्षण कार्य कर रही महिलाओं अधिक सार्थक दृष्टिकोण है। सामान्य स्तर की मासिक आय प्राप्त करने वाली परिवारों की महिलाओं में अधिक जागरूकता पायी गयी।
मुख्य बिन्दु- सामाजिक अर्थिक स्थिति एवं महिलाओं हिंसा, अधिकार।

There is ferment in the social sciences. After years of sustained effort to build a science of society modelled on the natural sciences, that project, long treated with suspicion by some, is now openly being rethought. A critical intervention in this period of reflection was Making Social Science Matter (MSSM) by Bent Flyvbjerg, published in 2001. In that book Flyvbjerg challenged the very idea of social science as a science modelled on the natural sciences. Flyvbjerg argued that, as the social sciences study human interactions that involve human consciousness, volition, power and reflexivity, attempts to build generalizable, predictive models such as those for the natural world are misplaced and even futile.

A pesar de los logros que se han tenido para alcanzar la igualdad de género, todavía hay una larga batalla por ganar, sobre todo en el ámbito empresarial. En este sector las des- igualdades entre mujeres y hombres siguen presentes, desde las posibilidades de acceso de educación que enfrentan niñas y niños, hasta la brecha actual que hay en el mercado laboral.  En este borchure se identifican estudios con resultados que evidencian la importancia de contar con políticas de igualdad en el sector privado.

Starting from an episode of gender violence suffered by the community of Franciscan tertiaries of Santa Maria de la Cruz de Cubas and caused by its prelates, we analyze here the denounce discourse formulated by these women in the biography of the visionary Juana de la Cruz and in her sermons. Possible change proposals in these texts are also evaluated. In order to do this, we review their concept of what the Church is and the relationship model between the sexes. The prophetic nature of this feminine discourse confers to its views an undoubted political weight.
Partiendo de un episodio de violencia de género sufrido por la comunidad de terciarias franciscanas de Santa María de la Cruz de Cubas a manos de sus prelados, se analiza aquí el discurso de denuncia que estas mujeres formularon en la biografía de la visionaria Juana de la Cruz y en sus sermones. También se valoran posibles propuestas de cambio en estos textos. Para ello, se pasa revista al concepto de Iglesia y al modelo de relación entre los sexos. El carácter profético de este discurso femenino confiere a sus planteamientos una indudable carga política.

The essays in this book examine how norms of gender, culture and educational practice contribute to school violence. Taking a sociocultural approach to understanding violence, chapters explore how language, image, text and everyday practice play a significant role in the production of violence in schools. Drawing on a range of theoretical traditions from across the humanities and social sciences, contributing authors ask readers to consider how taken-forgranted assumptions and normative schooling practices can be understood as part of the problem. The book argues that rethinking school violence involves considering more than student behaviour and prevention or management strategies. Instead, it requires that difficult questions be asked of educational institutions, their gendered power relations and systemic inequalities.

With a point of departure in the concept "uncomfortable knowledge," this article presents a case study of how the American Planning Association (APA) deals with such knowledge. APA was found to actively suppress publicity of malpractice concerns and bad planning in order to sustain a boosterish image of planning. In the process, APA appeared to disregard and violate APA's own Code of Ethics. APA justified its actions with a need to protect APA members' interests, seen as preventing planning and planners from being presented in public in a bad light. The current article argues that it is in members' interest to have malpractice critiqued and reduced, and that this best happens by exposing malpractice, not by denying or diverting attention from it as APA did in this case. Professions, organizations, and societies that stifle critique tend to degenerate and become socially and politically irrelevant "zombie institutions." The article asks whether such degeneration has set in for APA and planning. Finally, it is concluded that more debate about APA's ethics and actions is needed for improving planning practice. Nine key questions are presented to constructively stimulate such debate.

One of my own personal favorites, this essay takes as its point of departure one of the earliest extant records of the French medieval stage which has nonetheless been effaced from most histories: the gang-rape of a woman in 1395 on the eve of some theatrical festivities. Arguing for a more complete context, I interrogate the numerous historiographical intersections of theatre, law, performativity, and intentionality as I invite revision of certain politically pieties that tend to dismiss the very real dangers of theatre. In this case, those dangers speak to a troubling shared space of premeditation for theatre and rape, both of which follow analogous paths from imagination to enactment, virtuality to actuality.

This article analyzes correlates of victim-blaming attitudes regarding partner violence against women (PVAW) among the Spanish general population (N = 1,006). Results showed that victim-blaming attitudes were more common among respondents who were older, less educated, and who placed themselves at the bottom of the social scale. Furthermore, the odds of expressing victim-blaming attitudes were higher among respondents who thought that PVAW was common in society, considered it more acceptable, and knew women victims of partner violence in their circle of friends and family. Implications for public education are discussed.

Η οπτική του φύλου στον ενεργειακό τομέα είναι ένα παραγνωρισμένο θέμα στις Ευρωπαϊκές χώρες, αλλά αρκετά οικείο και τεκμηριωμένο ερευνητικά στις χώρες του τρίτου κόσμου. Το παρόν άρθρο συνδέει το σύγχρονο ενεργειακό τοπίο με τις ενεργειακές ανάγκες των αναγκών, επισημαίνει τις επιπτώσεις που έχει για τη ζωή των γυναικών η πρόσβασή τους ή όχι σε εύχρηστες και φτηνές πηγές ενέργειας, διερευνά την δεκτικότητα των γυναικών στην υιοθέτηση και διάδοση των Ανανεώσιμων Πηγών Ενέργειας (ΑΠΕ) και αναδεικνύει τον ρόλο των γυναικών σε μια πορεία βιώσιμης ανάπτυξη.

La integridad electoral se refiere a las elecciones basadas en los principios de sufragio universal e igualdad política. Sin embargo, las democracias más jóvenes y las más antiguas del mundo no adhieren a estos principios y presentan distintas barreras a la participación política universal e igualitaria.
Durante mucho tiempo, los intereses, las voces y las opiniones de las mujeres no se vieron representados. Esto empezó a cambiar con el advenimiento del sufragio de las mujeres, las acciones afirmativas (como los cupos y escaños reservados) y la paridad, todas ellas medidas necesarias para avanzar en la construcción de sociedades más igualitarias y verdaderamente democráticas.
Si bien las mujeres constituyen por encima de la mitad de la población mundial, a menudo carecen de acceso a los puestos públicos. A fin de señalar la magnitud de este problema, solo el 25% de los 35.127 escaños parlamentarios a nivel global son ocupados por mujeres. Además, 85 de los 153 países incluidos en el informe global de la brecha de género 2020 (Global Gender Gap) no han tenido una mujer como jefa de estado, jefa de gobierno o presidenta en ningún momento
en los últimos 50 años. A pesar del reconocimiento prácticamente unánime del derecho de las mujeres al voto y la acción afirmativa, muchas sociedades aún carecen de igualdad de oportunidades y resultados en relación con la participación de las mujeres en la política. Las mujeres afrontan numerosas barreras electorales y políticas, incluida la decisión de postularse a una función pública, realizar campañas y ocupar cargos públicos en igualdad de condiciones respecto de los hombres, así como ocupar puestos políticos en espacios libre de violencia. Aun con el aumento de la participación de las mujeres en la política desde el sufragio femenino, esta situación, lamentablemente, se ha topado con un aumento en la violencia de género.
El objetivo de este trabajo es visibilizar los distintos obstáculos que afrontan las mujeres en sus intentos por acceder al ámbito político y los desafíos que les esperan una vez que han conseguido asumir un cargo público. A través de una exhaustiva investigación y ejemplos de estudios de caso, este trabajo arroja luz sobre el serio problema de la violencia contra la mujer en la política e identifica la dinámica y complejidades que las mujeres enfrentan al participar en la esfera política.

This article offers a feminist critique of risk theorizing for criminology. Current theoretical discussions of ‘risk society’ and governmentality are critically appraised with reference to gender, raising questions about the nature of risk for various social groups. Theories of risk taking and risk management in late modernity have assumed a general universality of calculation and effect borne out of instrumental science. Women's negotiation of risk, however, both in terms of risk taking and risk avoidance point to an understanding of risk as inherently gendered and not easily universalized. Moreover, theorizing risk from a gendered perspective highlights its political nature, challenging the idea of risk as a neutral concept and risk assessment as an intended apolitical actuarial practice of late modernity. Instead, we contend that how women experience risk and how we view such experiences are shaped by the politics of gender. Formulations of risk are deeply embedded in gender, race and class politics, and the narrow conception of risk taken in criminological writings has consequently excluded women's experience of crime.

later Problems and ProsPects of countries of former Yugoslavia 20 years later: Problems and prospects of countries of former Yugoslavia Copyright © -Center for the Study of Post-Yugoslav Societies, Faculty of Arts, 1 st edition This monograph is the result of a research project J5-2294 (Value Shifts in the countries of former Yugoslavia) and is co-financed by the Slovenian Research Agency.

The aim of this study is to present a psychometrically sound instrument to assess intimate partner violence offenders' responsibility attributions: the Intimate Partner Violence Responsibility Attribution Scale. The scale was administrated to 423 adult male intimate partner violence offenders court-mandated to a community-based intervention program. A three factor structure (responsibility attribution to the legal system, responsibility attribution to the victim, and responsibility attribution to the offender personal context) was supported using confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability of the scales in this study was estimated using Cronbach's alpha, ρ and greatest lower bound. The Intimate Partner Violence Responsibility Attribution Scale correlated in theoretically expected ways with variables used to assess construct validity (system blaming, problems with partner, and responsibility assumption) and with variables used to assess criterion-related validity (satisfaction with legal system, victim-blaming attitudes, alcohol consumption, hostile sexism, stressful life events, social desirability, impulsivity and household income). Results support the validity and reliability of the Intimate Partner Violence Responsibility Attribution Scale.

Η οπτική του φύλου στον ενεργειακό τομέα είναι ένα παραγνωρισμένο θέμα στις Ευρωπαϊκές χώρες, αλλά αρκετά οικείο και τεκμηριωμένο ερευνητικά στις χώρες του τρίτου κόσμου. Το παρόν άρθρο συνδέει το σύγχρονο ενεργειακό τοπίο με τις ενεργειακές ανάγκες των αναγκών, επισημαίνει τις επιπτώσεις που έχει για τη ζωή των γυναικών η πρόσβασή τους ή όχι σε εύχρηστες και φτηνές πηγές ενέργειας, διερευνά την δεκτικότητα των γυναικών στην υιοθέτηση και διάδοση των Ανανεώσιμων Πηγών Ενέργειας (ΑΠΕ) και αναδεικνύει τον ρόλο των γυναικών σε μια πορεία βιώσιμης ανάπτυξη.