Veterinary Oncology

Peripheral nerve tumours (PNTs) affecting the limbs may lead to chronic pain, lameness and/or monoparesis that is refractory to medical treatment. The most common radical therapy for PNTs has been surgical excision with limb amputation. However, compartmental resection with preservation of the limb has been performed by the authors with favourable clinical results and therefore this bi-institutional retrospective study was undertaken to assess limb function, survival and recurrence. Sixteen dogs that had been diagnosed with PNTs between 1995 and 2011 met the inclusion criteria for this study. In the majority of the cases, good to excellent limb function was achieved. The overall median survival time (MST) was 1303 days (42.8 months; range, 14 days–4639 days, [0.5–152.4 months]), with two dogs still alive at time of evaluation. Non-infiltrated margins were the best prognostic indicator; dogs with non-infiltrated margins had a MST of 2227 days (P < 0.001) compared to dogs with infiltrated margins (MST of 487 days). The 1-year calculated survival rate was 68.8% and the 2-and 3-year calculated survival rates were 62.5%. Surgical treatment with tumour removal and limb spare for proximal and distal PNTs can be successful. Compartmental excision can lead to good limb function, producing survival comparable to limb amputation, and should therefore be considered as an alternative to limb amputation in canine PNTs.

A three-year-old mixed local Balinese female dog with 8.8 weight was examined with a mass and swelling in the vaginal area accompanied by blood discharge. Based on histopathological findings, the animal was diagnosed with a transmissible venereal tumor. After physical examination and radiographic evaluation, it can be concluded that there is no metastasis. Treatment is carried out by surgery to excise the tumor mass and followed by chemotherapy using vincristine sulfate at a dose of 0.025 mg/kg BW three times at intervals of seven days. Hematological examination before treatment showed lymphocytosis and microcytic hypochromic anemia, and after treatment showed microcytic hypochromic anemia without lymphocytosis. After surgery, the animals were given cefotaxime antibiotic intravenously for two days and continued with cefixime orally for five days. Mefenamic acid analgesia was given for three days orally. On the seventh day after surgery, the wound healed clinically. After two months of follow-up, there were no signs of tumor recurrence. Treatment with surgery and chemotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating TVT case without metastasis.

ÖZET Veteriner hekimliği tarihinde yüzyılı aşkın bir süredir bilinen kanser, günümüzde hayvanların
yakalandığı hastalıklar arasında oldukça önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir. Türk veteriner hekimliğinde,
onkoloji alanının başlı başına bir bilim dalı olmaması ve onkoloji tarihine dair spesifik
bir çalışma olmaması, konu ile ilgili veri bulmakta ve ulaşmakta zorluklara sebep oldu. Bu çalışma,
Türkiye’de veteriner onkolojinin tarihsel gelişimine dair ön çalışma niteliği taşımakta olup, dünyada
ve Türkiye’de veteriner onkoloji alanında atılan ilk bilimsel adımları ve bu adımları atan bilim insanlarının
ortaya konulması amaçlandı.

ABSTRACT The cancer which is known more than a century on the history of veterinary medicine,
nowadays it constitutes a significant place that among the diseases in animals. In the Turkish veterinary
medicine, the lack of it’s being a discipline in it self and not a specific studies on the history
of oncology, has led to difficulties in reaching and finding data on this subject. This study is the preliminary
study of the historical development of veterinary oncology in Turkey and it was aimed to
reveal the first scientific steps taken in the field of veterinary oncology and scientist who taken this
steps.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that stimulates cell proliferation and survival and becomes dysregulated in a range of solid tumours in man. It is recognized as a key oncogenic driver and has become a favoured therapeutic target and a prognostic and predictive marker of cancer in man. In animals, EGFR dysregulation is emerging as a potential factor in the development of a number of naturally occurring tumours including mammary, lung, glial and epithelial cancers. Comparative analyses suggest that these diseases share many features with equivalent diseases in man and EGFR may have value as a prognostic or a biological marker of animal disease. There is still little direct evidence that EGFR is a critical oncogenic driver in naturally occurring animal disease and there are no veterinary trials of EGFR-targeted therapy. These will be critical steps in establishing a role for EGFR in veterinary oncology.

This study evaluated efficacy and side effects of masitinib in canine epitheliotropic lymphoma. Complete remission occurred in 2 of 10 dogs and lasted for median 85 days. Five dogs went into partial remission for median 60.5 days. Three pretreated dogs did not respond to therapy. Side effects occurred in six dogs and were mostly mild to moderate. Immunohistochemistry was available for eight dogs. KIT receptor was negative in all of them, six of eight lymphomas stained strongly positive for stem cell factor (SCF). platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA was weakly positive in two and negative in six. PDGF-BB was negative in four tumours, weakly positive in one and strongly positive in three. One was strongly positive for PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-í µí»½, seven were negative for that receptor. Five showed strong expression of PDGFR-í µí»¼, two showed weak expression, one was negative. In conclusion, masitinib is effective in treating canine epitheliotropic lymphoma. But its effects are most likely not generated through the KIT receptor.

Aim: This study aimed to provide a summary of all online available literature of published clinical and histopathological data regarding tumors affecting the reproductive tract of female sheep and goats. In addition, a detailed description of the clinical history, clinical findings, and gross and histopathological findings of one case of vaginal fibroma in an adult Awassi sheep is provided for the first time. Materials and Methods: Internet search engines such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used to collect all published articles in refereed journals from 2000 to 2018 regarding tumors and tumor-like lesions involving the reproductive tract of ewes and does. Results: There are six published papers in sheep and nine in goats reporting various malignant and non-malignant tumors involving different parts of the reproductive tract. The most commonly diagnosed tumors of the reproductive tract were leiomyoma (six cases), adenocarcinoma (six cases), leiomyosarcoma (three cases), adenoma (one case), squamous cell carcinoma (one case), and metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma (one case). The most common sites of tumor formation were the uterus (10 cases), vulva/vagina (five cases), ovaries (four cases), cervix (four cases), and Bartholin's gland (one case). All affected animals were aged females (older than 3 years of age). In both ewes and does, the most frequently reported clinical symptoms were chronic weight loss, pyometra, hydrometra, vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharges, straining, pollakisurie, ascites, and abdominal distension. Conclusion: Tumors of the reproductive organs in sheep and goats are not uncommon and should be considered in the differential diagnoses in cases with poor reproductive function.

Background/Aim: Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) represents a group of malignant canine tumors to which Bernese Mountain Dogs (BMD) and Flatcoated Retrievers (FCR) are predisposed. The differential diagnosis for HS is broad, encompassing round cell tumors, sarcomas and other histiocytic diseases. The aim of this study was to establish morphological and immunohistochemical criteria for routine use on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples and cytological smears for the recognition and differentiation of canine HS and its subtypes. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, tumor sections were reviewed from 449 BMD and 380 FCR with confirmed or suspected HS, other histiocytic conditions, or a disease of the differential diagnosis of HS. Results: In a large proportion of cases, 47.5% for histology and for 46.3% cytology, the initial diagnosis was changed after the revision process. A large variation in morphological features of HS was observed in this study, making the existence of several subtypes in dogs also very likely. Furthermore, the different percentage of morphological features between BMD and FCR indicates the different mixture of cell type origins resulting possibly from genetic or environmental differences at the onset of HS in those breeds. Conclusion: This study stresses the value of a strictly applied and standardized scoring system for microscopic evaluation of tumor sections and smears, and the implementation of review and revision of pathological diagnoses.

Keratomas are uncommon benign neoplasms of the horse hoof with epithelial origin, which are developed from keratin-producing squamous cells of the hoof wall. Normally these processes are related to a previous history of intermittent lameness. Clinical, macroscopic and histopathologic features of a keratoma in the hoof of a horse with a clinical history of chronic lameness are described in this paper. The animal showed a deformity of the hoof frog due to the presence of a mass located at the junction of the coronary band with the white line. A neoplasic proliferation was observed at the histopathologic examination, consisting of epithelial cells and several layers of keratin.

"Patient's with different kinds of cancer(s) have been cured by the use of drugs!"

As We Know It, in 1930, "Cancer of the Lung was a Rare Disease...in the 70's a Drastic Change Occurred - Lung Cancer Had Become The Leading Cause Of Death From Cancer Among Males In The United States of America!"

"Scientists Are Hopeful That Many Cancers Will Be Cured By 'Chemo' In The Future!"

Does this all sound too "Science Fiction?" Does a few movie titles come to mind? How about "The Thing From Another World," starring James Arness grab you? You'd probably remember the version of the "Thing" starring 'Kurt Russell. How about "Alien" starring Sigourney Weaver? There are many other moving pictures plays depicting alien assimilations on the big screen as well the "Boob-Tube!" Remember "The Invaders" with Roy Thinnes? I often wondered were many of the 'Sci-Fi' authors got their material. But this Man-killer of which we speak, is life action continuing and constant danger(s).

Morphologically, canine soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) resemble human STSs. In humans, proper classification of STSs is considered essential to improve insight in the biology of these tumors, and to optimize diagnosis and therapy. To date, there is a paucity of data published on the significance of detailed classification of STSs in the dog. We revised a cohort (n = 110) of proliferative lesions obtained from a study in Golden Retrievers that were considered "soft tissue sarcoma, not otherwise specified or of uncertain subtype" in order to optimize the diagnoses of these lesions. The criteria according to the veterinary WHO classification, recent veterinary literature, and the WHO classification for humans were applied. Revision was initially based on morphologic characteristics of hematoxylin and eosin-stained histologic sections of the neoplasms. If considered necessary (n = 76), additional immunohistochemistry was applied to aid characterization. The diagnosis of STS was confirmed in 75 neoplasms (68%). Of this group, diagnosis of a specific subtype of the STSs was possible in 58 neoplasms. Seven neoplasms had morphologic characteristics that were suggestive for sarcoma subtypes only described in the WHO classification for humans. Seventeen neoplasms remained "unclassified STSs." Thirty-one lesions (28%) were diagnosed "neoplasm, not being STS." Four lesions (4%) were considered nonneoplastic. Because incorrect classification of a tumor could lead to inappropriate therapeutic intervention and prognostication, the results of our study clearly illustrate the importance of revision and further diagnosis of "unclassified STSs" in dogs.

SUMMARY The results of an L-asparaginase-based continuous chemo-therapy protocol (n = 52) versus a short doxorubicin-based induction chemotherapy protocol (n = 65) were evaluated in 117 dogs with malignant lymphoma. There were no differences between the two groups in patient characteristics or incidence of protocol-related toxicity. Complete remission was induced in 71.2% of the dogs treated with the L-asparaginase protocol and in 67.7% of the dogs treated with the doxorubicin-plus protocol. The calculated Kaplan-Meier one-and two-year survival fractions in the L-asparaginase group were 48% and 26%, and in the doxorubicin-plus group 35%, and 22%, respectively. Differences in remission and survival between the two treatment groups were not significant. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards survival analysis revealed that elevated pretreatment plasma creatinine concentration and prior treatment with prednisolone were associated with shorter survival times. An elevated pretreatment plasma creatinine concentration and total leucocyte count were associated with a decrease in the disease-free period. Differences in efficacy and toxicity between the two protocols were not significant. There is no apparent advantage in using the continuous L-asparaginase protocol, and the shorter doxorubicin-plus protocol is less expensive and less time consuming.

Cyclophosphamide and vincristine are widely used intravenous chemotherapeutic agents in both human and veterinary oncology. Although intravenous administration of these chemotherapeutics is the gold standard in most treatment protocols, this route of administration has several disadvantages (e.g. long infusion times and risk of extravasation). Therefore, alternative routes have been explored in the past. Recently, good clinical results were achieved with intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of cyclophosphamide and vincristine in cats. However, the bioavailability following i.p. administration of cyclophosphamide and vincristine providing proof of principle has not been investigated and is the focus of the present study. The pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and vincristine after i.p. and intravenous administration was investigated in six cats in a cross-over study by analysis of plasma levels of cyclophosphamide and vincristine after simultaneously administration of 0.6 mg/m 2 vincristine and 200 mg/m 2 cyclophosphamide. The median bioavailability on i.p. administration was 76% for cyclophosphamide and 100% for vincristine.

This retrospective study in 61 cats with malignant lymphomas examined the efficacy of a well-established chemotherapy protocol (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone [COP]) in the Netherlands, a country with a low prevalence of feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Twenty-two cats (36.1%) had mediastinal lymphoma, 11 (18.0%) had alimentary lymphoma, 7 (11.5%) had peripheral lymphoma, 8 (13.1%) had nasal lymphoma, and 13 (21.3%) had miscellaneous lymphoma (including renal lymphoma in 2 [3.3%]). Of the 54 cats that were tested, only 4 (7.4%) were FeLV positive. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 46 of the 61 cats (75.4%). The estimated 1-and 2-year disease-free periods (DFPs) in the 46 cats with CR were 51.4 and 37.8%, respectively, whereas the median duration of remission was 251 days. The overall estimated 1-year survival rate in all cats was 48.7%, and the 2-year survival rate was 39.9%, with a median survival of 266 days. The median survival time and the 1-year survival rate for mediastinal lymphoma were 262 days and 49.4%, respectively. Siamese cats had a more favorable prognosis for survival and remission than other breeds. Response to therapy in this study was shown to be a significant prognostic indicator. CR is necessary for long-term survival. Cats that did not achieve CR had little chance of survival for longer than 1 year. Young Siamese cats in this study had a greater tendency to develop mediastinal malignant lymphoma at a young age, and all were FeLV negative. In comparison with results reported in other studies with different combination chemotherapy protocols, these are among the highest percentages of remission and the longest survival rates for cats with malignant lymphoma.

Background and Aim: CD 117 (c-KIT) internal tandem duplication (ITD), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), and sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox-2) may govern the oncogenicity and aggressiveness of canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) in the crossbred dogs. Thus, a comprehension of this matter may help us establishing a novel platform to treat the disease in those dogs. However, evidence has lacked so far. Thus, this study aimed to survey CD 117 ITD, Oct-4, and Sox-2 expressions and their relations to the 2-tier grading in a group of Thai crossbreed dogs. The study was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-three MCT specimens graded by the 2-tier histopathology grading were collected from the crossbred and purebred dogs. CD 117 ITD was detected by conventional PCR and immunohistochemistry. While, Oct-4 and Sox-2 expression levels were determined at the protein and mRNA levels by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively. The expression magnitude of each parameter was then related to the grades and breeds.

Results: About 60.61% of specimens were low grade, while 39.39% were high grade. CD 117 ITD was not detected in all specimens. A significant increase of Oct-4 expression was found in the high-grade, crossbred dogs. Meanwhile, Sox-2 expressions were increased both in the purebred and crossbred dogs with high-grade MCT.

Conclusion: The study finding has indicated that the level of Sox-2 expression may be a useful tumorigenic and prognostic biomarker because it correlates to the 2-tier grades but not dog breeds.

Dear Sir/Madam

We are currently hosting the Oncologist & Diagnostics Conference  which is going to be organized during August 28-30, 2017 Brussels, Belgium. With great pride and honour, we would like to invite you to participate in Oncologist & Diagnostics Conference in Brussels, Belgium

Kindly let me know about you interest toward participation as a Keynote, Speaker, Poster presentation, E-Poster and Video Presentation, delegate.
Kindly find the attached file for conference details

Kindly contact us for any sort of further assistance.
We sincerely hope that you will honour us by accepting our invitation

Regards
Celina Crystal
Manager of oncology and conferences
P 702 508 5200 Ext 8033
#[email protected]

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ConferenceSeries Ltd invites all the participants across the globe to attend the Oncologist & Diagnostics Conference slated on August 28-30, 2017 at Brussels, Belgium.

Cancer Diagnostics 2017 directs towards addressing main issues as well as future strategies of Cancer. This is going to be the largest and most promising international conference where the program includes Clinical Oncologists, Registered Nurses, Nurse practitioners and the entire medical team involved in patient care, researchers, professional, early career individuals and patient advocates who wish to learn principles of tumor immunology and immunotherapy well as decision makers will come to discuss and debate on various aspects of the challenges, risks and investment opportunities throughout the complete information of Cancers. Cancer Diagnostics 2017 will also provide the three days of discussions on methods and strategies related to management and quality improvement of Diagnostics device developing and Cancer Research and as well as to explore the new ideas and concepts on global scale and the topics include lung cancer, breast cancer, bone cancer, leukemia, blood cancer, cervical cancer, colon-rectum cancer, pediatric cancer, surgical cancer, Prostate cancer, thyroid cancer.

According to 2012 statistics approximately 14.1 million cases are reported and 8.2 million deaths are reported. Lung, Liver, Stomach and bowel cancers cause the most common deaths among the worldwide that accounts nearly half of all the cancer deaths. About 70% increase in the cases are to be expected over the next 2 decades. In males 5 most common sites of cancer are diagnosed in 2012 were lung, prostate, colorectal and liver cancers. In females 5 most common sites diagnosed were breast, colorectal, cervix, lung and stomach cancer. Nearly 60% of the world’s total new cases occur in the Africa, Asia and Central and South America regions. All over the world Denmark ranks 1st in the cancer deaths USA is accompanied next to it.

ConferenceSeries Ltd  which is comprised of 3000+ Global Events with over 600+ Conferences, 1200+ Symposiums and 1200+Workshops on diverse Medical, Pharmaceutical, Clinical, Engineering, Science, Technology, Business and Management field is organizing conferences all over the globe. It hosts numerous Cancer Conferences, Cancer meeting, global cancer conference, European Oncology Conferences, Surgical oncology like skin cancer conference, breast cancer conference, liver cancer conference, lung cancer meetings, and Oncology Conferences where knowledge transfer takes place through debates, round table discussions, poster presentations, workshops, symposia and exhibitions and which helps get possibilities for treating the diseases with new era, technology and research.



Why Brussels???

Brussels, a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, is a city of contrasts with enormous diversity, experiencing cool climates all throughout the year. Brussels is also becoming known as a mecca of style, art, and design having bilingualism of Modern French and Old Dutch.

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) has oncolytic activity and has been promoting as a virotherapy agent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potency of NDV Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 as a virotherapy agent. This study was used the white rat Rattus norvegicus as an animal fibrosarcoma model. Benzo(a)pyrene solution at 0.3% (w/v) was used to induce fibrosarcoma. After fibrosarcoma appeared, rats were treated as follows: Rats in group P0 were injected with 0.5 mL phosphate buffer saline (PBS), while those in group P1 were injected with the NDV, intratumorally at a dose of 0.5 mL of 2^9 HA titer of NDV Tabanan-1/ARP/2017. The dynamic of tumor growth was evaluated. Upon the starting point of the treatment, the mean volume of rat tumors mass of P0 and P1 were 1,769.83±1,103.58 mm3 and 1,194.29±592.82 mm3, respectively. At the end of the treatment, the mean tumor volume of P0 was 8,549.38±5,347.51 mm3, while at P1 was 3,848.25 ±3,539,189 mm3. From the observation of microscopic images, it was found that the number of blood vessels at P1 was 44.67±19.348, significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the P0 (121.33±34.530). From this study, it can be concluded that virotherapy with NDV Tabanan-1/ARP/2017, can inhibit fibrosarcoma growth and reduce the number of blood vessel in the tumor. The effectiveness of Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 as a virotherapy agent is discussed.

A cutaneous lesion with diagnosis of septic pyoderma by impression smears was diagnosed mast cell tumor by fine needle ponction from a naso-cutaneous lesion. A cytological evaluation of ipsilateral mandibular lymph node was of eosinophilic lymphadenitis. This is a cytological challenge when the smears are referred, and the samples are taken with different techniques.

Feline mammary carcinomas were tested for their in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to Adriamycin. In vitro, twenty randomly chosen tumor islands were studied to test the effect of concentrations of the drug ranging from 0.25-2.00 micrograms/ml. In vivo, parts of primary tumors left in situ after surgical biopsy were used to assess the response to five i.v. injections of 30 mg/m2 Adriamycin. When comparing the in vitro and in vivo response, the best sensitivity (100%) was obtained using 2.00 micrograms/ml Adriamycin and the best specificity (75%) using 1.00 microgram/ml Adriamycin, both in vitro. Tumors recurring after treatment showed acquired resistance in vitro.

Invitation
Conference Series LLC welcomes you to attend the 2nd Cancer Diagnostics Conference & Expo during May 08-10, 2017 Barcelona, Spain.
We cordially invite all the participants who are interested in sharing their knowledge and research in the arena of 2nd Cancer Diagnostics Conference & Expo.
Cancer Diagnostics 2017 anticipates more than 200 participants around the globe with thought provoking Keynote lectures, Oral and Poster presentations. The attending delegates include Editorial Board Members of related Conference Series LLC Journals.
This is an excellent opportunity for the delegates from Universities and Institutes to interact with the world class Scientists.
The intending participants can confirm their participation by registering for the conference along with your colleagues. Avail the delegate early bird offer.
The main theme of the conference is “An insight into Advancing New methods of Cancer Diagnostics”

Regards,


Cancer Diagnostics 2017
Operating Committee
Cancer
Diagnostics 2017

Members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB) gene family are frequently dysregulated in a range of human cancers, and therapeutics targeting these proteins are in clinical use. We hypothesised that similar pathways are involved in feline and canine tumours and that the same drugs may be of clinical use in veterinary patients. We investigated EGFR and ERBB2 targeting using a panel of feline and canine cell lines. EGFR and ERBB2 was targeted with siRNAs or TKIs and their effect on cellular proliferation, colony formation and migration was investigated in vitro. Here we report that EGFR and ERBB2 combined siRNA targeting produced synergistic effects in feline and canine cell lines similar to that reported in human cell lines. We conclude that dual EGFR and ERBB2 targeting using TKIs should be further evaluated as a potential new therapeutic strategy in feline head and neck and mammary tumours and canine mammary tumours.

Background: The Bouvier des Flandres (BdF) dog is predisposed to develop prostate carcinoma (PCA). In humans, ethnic groups with higher prevalence of PCA have higher serum androgens concentrations and shorter polyglutamine (CAG) repeat lengths in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. In dogs, shorter CAG-I lengths are associated with increased PCA risk. Objective: To compare serum androgens concentrations in the BdF to other breeds and to determine whether CAG repeats length and plasma androgens concentrations are correlated. Materials and Methods: Androgens were measured in 46 BdF and in 53 other breed dogs. Length of CAG-I and CAG-III repeats were measured in 41 BdF and correlated with androgens levels. Results: In the BdF group shorter CAG-I and longer CAG-III repeat lengths were associated with lower androgens concentrations. Conclusion: As the shorter CAG-I repeat is associated with an increased PCA risk, higher androgen concentrations may protect against the development and progression of PCA.

Dear Sir/Madam

We are currently hosting the Oncologist & Diagnostics Conference  which is going to be organized during August 28-30, 2017 Brussels, Belgium. With great pride and honour, we would like to invite you to participate in Oncologist & Diagnostics Conference in Brussels, Belgium

Kindly let me know about you interest toward participation as a Keynote, Speaker, Poster presentation, E-Poster and Video Presentation, delegate.
Kindly find the attached file for conference details

Kindly contact us for any sort of further assistance.
We sincerely hope that you will honour us by accepting our invitation

Regards
Celina Crystal
Manager of oncology and conferences
P 702 508 5200 Ext 8033
#[email protected]

Background and Aim: Canine testicular tumors are among the most common reproductive tract tumors in male dogs and have been studied in many countries. However, to the best of our knowledge, studies with a large sample size have not been conducted in Russia. This study aimed to provide the latest information on the prevalence of canine testicular tumors in the Veterinary Oncology Scientific Center for Small Animals "Biocontrol" in Moscow, Russia, in 2010-2020 and the characteristics of the affected canine population.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients and histological reports was collected and analyzed from 358 dogs with 447 testicular tumors within 11 years.

Results: The mean age of the affected dogs was 10.4 years, whereas that of dogs with Sertoli cell tumors was 9.4 years p=0.009. This study includes mixed-breed dogs (18.4%), Yorkshire Terriers (8.8%), Labrador Retrievers (7.9%), Golden Retrievers (5.0%), and Fox Terriers (3.4%). The most common tumors were interstitial cell tumors (n=227, 50.8%). In contrast, 107 (23.9%) seminomas, 80 (17.9%) Sertoli cell tumors, 19 (7.4%) mixed germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumors, and 26 (7.6%) testicular tumors developed from cryptorchid testes, which included 16 (61.5%) Sertoli cell tumors, 10 (38.5%) seminomas, and no interstitial cell tumors.

Conclusion: This study provides baseline information on the prevalence of canine testicular tumors in the described population, including the median age of each tumor type and overrepresented dog breeds. We further found that the most common scrotal testicular tumor was interstitial cell tumor, whereas Sertoli cell tumor was the most common in cryptorchid testicles.

BSTRACT This retrospective study determined disease free survival (DFS) and progression free survival (PFS) in chemo-naïve dogs with multicentric or cranial mediastinal high-grade T-cell lymphoma, treated with a first-line CCNU-L(-chlorambucil)-CHOP protocol. Of thirteen dogs with multicentric lymphoma, 92.3% achieved a complete remission (CR), and the median DFS and PFS was 317 and 256 days, respectively. Three dogs had cranial mediastinal lymphoma, and achieved a CR with a median DFS and PFS of 978 and 1007 days, respectively. The one-and two-year DFS/PFS probability estimate for dogs with multicentric lymphoma was 0.50/0.46 and 0.42/0.38, respectively, for dogs with cranial mediastinal lymphoma 0.67/0.67. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were reported in 52.9% and 50% of the dogs, respectively, while 56.3% experienced grade 1-4 nephrotoxicity, hypothesized to be lomustine-induced. It was concluded that, compared to historical data, the currently described first-line CCNU-L(-chlorambucil)-CHOP protocol could benefit the survival of dogs with multicentric or cranial mediastinal high-grade T-cell lymphoma. SAMENVATTING In dit retrospectieve onderzoek werd de ziektevrije-en progressievrije overleving bepaald van chemotherapie-naïeve honden met een hooggradig multicentrisch of mediastinaal T-cellymfoom, behandeld met een eerstelijns-CCNU-L(-chloorambucil)-CHOP-protocol. Van de dertien honden met een multicentrisch lymfoom vertoonde 92,3% een volledige remissie en de mediane ziektevrije-en progressievrije periode was respectievelijk 317 en 256 dagen. Drie honden hadden een mediastinaal lymfoom en vertoonden allemaal een volledige remissie met een mediane ziektevrije-en progressievrije periode van respectievelijk 978 en 1007 dagen. De één-en tweejarige ziektevrije/progressievrije overlevingskans voor honden met de multicentrische vorm was respectievelijk 0,50/0,46 en 0,42/0,38, voor honden met de mediastinale vorm 0,67/0,67. Neutropenie werd gevonden bij 52,9% van de honden, trombocytopenie bij 50% en 56,3% vertoonde een waarschijnlijk door CCNU veroorzaakte nefrotoxiciteit. De conclusie van het onderzoek is dat eerstelijnsbehandeling met CCNU-L(-chloorambucil)-CHOP een positief effect lijkt te hebben op de overlevingstijd van honden met een hooggradig multicentrisch of mediastinaal T-cellymfoom.

Abstract
OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate efficacy of hypotonic water as adjuvant therapy after marginal resection of canine mast cell tumors (MCT).
STUDY DESIGN:

Double-blinded, placebo-controlled, prospective, randomized study.
ANIMALS:

Dogs (n=30) with spontaneous, cutaneous, solitary MCT.
METHODS:

The wound bed of MCT, resected with margins <0.5 cm, was injected with either hypotonic or isotonic water according to a standardized protocol. Follow-up was obtained by clinical examination at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months and annual telephone contact with the owner.
RESULTS:

Eighteen dogs were treated with isotonic lactated Ringer's solution and 12 dogs with hypotonic distilled water. All MCT were stage 0 tumors and most grade II. Six tumors (4 isotonic, 2 hypotonic) recurred locally, 3 of these dogs died from disease-related reasons within 4 months. The surviving 3 dogs were alive with a median survival time (ST) of 1092 days. The calculated 2-year recurrence-free rate was 92.7%; the 2-year disease-free rate 79.1%; and the 2-year survival rate 89.5%. No significant differences in local recurrence and ST were observed between treatment groups. Histologic grading was the only significant prognosticator for ST and recurrence-free periods.
CONCLUSION:

No significant differences in local recurrence and ST were observed between adjunctive hypotonic water and placebo treatment after marginal resection of solitary MCT.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE:

Hypotonic water does not decrease the rate of local recurrence in dogs with solitary MCT after marginal surgical excision.

As part of a virus discovery investigation using a metagenomic approach, a highly divergent novel Human papillomavirus type was identified in pooled convenience nasal/oropharyngeal swab samples collected from patients with febrile respiratory illness. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome and the L1 gene reveals that the new HPV identified in this study clusters with previously described gamma papillomaviruses, sharing only 61.1% (whole genome) and 63.1% (L1) sequence identity with its closest relative in the Papillomavirus episteme (PAVE) database. This new virus was named HPV_SD2 pending official classification. The complete genome of HPV-SD2 is 7,299 bp long (36.3% G/C) and contains 7 open reading frames (L2, L1, E6, E7, E1, E2 and E4) and a non-coding long control region (LCR) between L1 and E6. The metagenomic procedures, coupled with the bioinformatic methods described herein are well suited to detect small circular genomes such as those of human papillomaviruses.

Objective __ A retrospective study to identify and provide specific clinical details of primary lung tumors in dogs. Materials and Methods __ Medical records of affected dogs were reviewed for information on results of clinical examination, laboratory findings, radiographic-imaging findings, necropsy findings, and histopathologic findings. The records were evaluated from 2006 to 2007 at Kasetsart Universtiy Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Bangkhaen). Results __ Primary lung tumors were recognized in 5 dogs (approximate frequency of 2.4 in 100,000 dogs). All of the affected dogs died within the period of 12-180 days, mean 63.8 days. All dogs were presented with chronic respiratory disorders such as chronic cough, panting and exhausted without responding to antibiotic treatment. Thoracic radiographs were revealed abnormal mass in the lung and subsequently diagnosed as primary lung tumor. The histopathologic finding revealed 4 different types of lung tumor, bronchiogenic adenocarcinoma (2/5 cases), pulmonary adenocarcinoma (1/5 cases), anaplastic small cell carcinoma (1/5 cases) and anaplastic large cell carcinoma (1/5 cases).

Histological grading is a good parameter to stratify tumors according to their biological aggressiveness. The Elston and Ellis grading method in humans, invasive ductal breast carcinomas and other invasive tumors are routinely used. The aims of this study were classification of mammary gland tumors and also application of a human grading method in canine mammary carcinoma. The samples included 37 tumors of mammary glands. Mammary tumors were carcinomas (n = 32) and sarcomas (n = 5). The carcinomas were classified as simple carcinoma 56.8% (n = 21), complex carcinoma 13.5% (n = 5), carcinoma arising from benign tumor 10.8% (n= 4) and special type of carcinoma 5.4% (n = 2). Out of 32 carcinomas studied, 37.5% (n = 12) grade I, 46.9% (n = 15) grade II and 15.6% (n = 5) grade III. This study demonstrated that the Elston and Ellis method of histological grading in canine mammary tumor is a reliable prognostic factor which is correlated with histopathological classification.

Background and Aim: Centroblastic lymphoma (CBL) is the most common morphological type of lymphoma found in dogs; it is usually identified through cytology in veterinary clinical practice. This study aimed to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of dogs with CBL that was diagnosed with cytology and immunocytochemistry.

Materials and Methods: Dogs with a suspicion of lymphoma were diagnosed by cytology supported by immunocytochemistry with the use of the updated Kiel classification adapted for dogs. During the analyzed time period, 336 lymphomas were diagnosed in dogs, including 171 cases of CBL. Epidemiological and clinical data from the dogs with CBL were provisionally collected.

Results: The epidemiology analysis revealed an increased risk of CBL in Rottweilers, golden retrievers, and Bernese mountain dogs. At admission, most of the dogs displayed generalized lymphadenopathy with spleen and liver enlargement. The most common hematological abnormality was leukocytosis due to neutrophilia. The most common biochemical abnormality was elevated alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and selective hypoproteinemia due to hypoalbuminemia.

Conclusion: Rottweilers, Bernese mountain dogs, and golden retrievers appear to be overrepresented among dogs with CBL. CBL is usually diagnosed at an advanced clinical stage according to the World Health Organization; however, it is usually accompanied by only minor hematological and biochemical abnormalities.

Canine osteosarcoma, the most common bone tumor in dogs, is a well-established, naturally-occurring animal model for human OS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and hematological side-effects and to assess the efficacy of lobaplatin chemotherapy in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma as an adjuvant therapy to surgical resection. Twenty-eight dogs without systemic signs of disease were treated with surgical resection of the tumor and adjuvant lobaplatin chemotherapy at a dose of 35 mg/m2, i.v., once every three weeks, for a maximum of 4 doses. Clinical signs of toxicosis were uncommon and consisted mainly of vomiting and depression. Hematological signs of toxicoses were common 7 to 10 days after lobaplatin chemotherapy and consisted of thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and neutropenia. All the signs were transient and most disappeared within three weeks of lobaplatin administration. A one-year disease-free fraction of 21.8% and a one-year survival fraction of 31.8% were calculated. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that a high histological tumor grade and presence of metastasis in the tumor vessels were associated with significantly shorter disease-free interval and survival time. Also, an increased pretreatment plasma alkaline phosphatase level at first presentation and a high histological level of tumor necrosis were associated with a shorter survival interval. Lobaplatin was easy to administer as an i.v. bolus injection at a three-week interval in dogs without the need for pretreatment infusions.

In the study the method of assessing adaptive and regenerative opportunities of the liver by
assessing of its information state was applied. The research revealed achange in the nature of the information
state of the tissue of the liver at hepatoadenoma, liver cancer and non-cancer pathologies. Discovered changes
of the information parameters characterizing the liver, indicate various kinds of adaptive processes in the
organ. It is shown that at the non-neoplastic diseases of the liver, tissue system uses the existing structural
adaptation resources, but it tends tocollapse. Changes of the information parameters were more pronounced
at malignant disease than at hepatoadenoma, it is revealed reduction of system reliability to negative value.
When tumors of the liver, tissue system is simplified, ordered and directed the growth and increase the
reliability, such system complicates the possibility of successful treatment of the organ in such pathologies.

BSTRACT This retrospective study determined disease free survival (DFS) and progression free survival (PFS) in chemo-naïve dogs with multicentric or cranial mediastinal high-grade T-cell lymphoma, treated with a first-line CCNU-L(-chlorambucil)-CHOP protocol. Of thirteen dogs with multicentric lymphoma, 92.3% achieved a complete remission (CR), and the median DFS and PFS was 317 and 256 days, respectively. Three dogs had cranial mediastinal lymphoma, and achieved a CR with a median DFS and PFS of 978 and 1007 days, respectively. The one-and two-year DFS/PFS probability estimate for dogs with multicentric lymphoma was 0.50/0.46 and 0.42/0.38, respectively, for dogs with cranial mediastinal lymphoma 0.67/0.67. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were reported in 52.9% and 50% of the dogs, respectively, while 56.3% experienced grade 1-4 nephrotoxicity, hypothesized to be lomustine-induced. It was concluded that, compared to historical data, the currently described first-line CCNU-L(-chlor...

Histopathology is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of canine mammary tumours (CMTs). Like human breast cancer, mammary tumour is a common tumour in dogs. Mastectomy is the most commonly adopted approach for treatment of CMTs. Grading of the tumour by histopathology is an effective tool to assess its biological behaviour and aggressiveness. In humans, Elston and Ellis grading method is routinely used to grade breast carcinomas. Present study was aimed at classification and histological malignancy grading of CMTs that were reported in and around Thrissur, Kerala, by using the modified human grading method. The samples included 16 tumours of canine mammary gland. Out of these, 87.5% (n=14) were malignant and 12.5% (n=2) were benign. After grading, it was found that 21.4% (n = 3) of the malignant tumours were of grade I, 57.1% (n = 8) were grade II and 21.4% (n= 3) were grade III tumours. The study revealed that majority of the simple carcinomas (most malignant type) were g...