University of Manchester

Aims: The current study has aimed at investigating the influence of EU Eco-label awareness, trust and the level of education as well as gender differences on consumers of Manchester while purchasing any product. Method: Research was of non-experimental design type given the ex-post-facto nature of phenomena under investigation that would not have permitted manipulation of variables as in experimental research. A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted in the Manchester City Centre, where a large shopping mall, Arndale Market and many more famous big brand shops are located. Owing to the resource constraints and the difficulty in defining the population of interest, a convenience sampling method was used in selecting 60 participants to take part in the study. 30 males and 30 females of age range 19- 40yrs participated in the study. Ten extra were done because a few respondents did not answer most of the key questions of this research. Data was largely statistically analysed through the deployment of descriptive and inferential statistical tools in excel. Thus coterminous with specific research questions being asked, descriptive tools such as contingency tables, histograms and pie charts were employed to preliminarily explore the data. Further in depth analysis was achieved through Fisher’s Exact non-parametric test from which the significance of the influence of variables such as education and gender on EU Eco- labels awareness was rigorously tested. Performance of Fisher’s Exact test proceeded by initially formulating Null and Alternative hypothesis and then testing these at 95% confidence interval. Results: The present piece of work revealed that most of the consumers (86%) are not aware of EU Eco-labels. The Fisher’s Exact test confirmed previous findings which established the result (p-value, 0.4147) that there has been no significant difference between male and female consumers in terms of the level of EU Eco-label awareness. Concerning the education level, there was no substantial difference between university education and high school education (p-value, 0.4625) with respect to the level of EU Eco- label awareness. However, consumers with university degree showed high level of environmental awareness (p-value, 0.0062). In connection with the previous study, descriptive analysis demonstrated that almost 66% consumers of Manchester have their trust on this EU Flower logo. Conclusion: The present investigation offers valuable insight into the level of relationship of EU Eco-label awareness and environmental consciousness in consideration to educational attainment within the consumers of Manchester. Nevertheless, it offers a springboard for a wide range of discussions and how education and gender differences can play a pragmatic role in EU Eco-label purchasing. A number of future ideas were identified and proposed in this context.

70e anniversaire de l’ordinateur: La naissance du « numérique »
Il y a 70 ans, à l’université de Manchester, un ordinateur fonctionnait pour la première fois dans l’histoire. Le Manchester Museum of Science and Industry célèbre aujourd’hui cet exploit.

This book will come as a revelation to Shakespeare scholars everywhere. It reveals the identity of the playwright and Shakespeare’s colleague behind the mask of Jaques in As You Like It. It pinpoints the true first night of Twelfth Night and reveals why the play’s performance at the Inns of Court was a momentous occasion for Shakespeare. It also the identities Quinapalus, the Vapians, Pigrogromitus and Feste, as well as the ‘Dark Lady’ of the Sonnets and the inspiration for Jessica in The Merchant of Venice. And it solves Shakespeare’s greatest riddle: the meaning of M.O.A.I. in Twelfth Night. In sum, this book reveals William Shakespeare as a far more personal writer than we have ever imagined.

Manchester, located in the north of the United Kingdom, is the one of the most important
cities of the country. The John Rylands Library, which opened to the public
in 1900. The Library, which was founded by Enriqueta Augustina Rylands in the
name of and in memory of John Rylands who was husband of Enriqueta Augustina
Rylands.
Today, the John Rylands Library has one of the finest collections of rare books,
manuscripts and private collections in the world. The collections which compass
almost five millennia and contain a wide range of field, such as archeology, art history,
economics, politics, politics, literature, law, military history, geography, history
of religions, history of medicine, music, drama and theater.
The John Rylands Library is home to 196 Turkish manuscripts and 12 manuscripts
which of these books are written in Chagatai Turkish (Eastern Turkish).
Ali Şir Nevâî and his works and Chagatai dictionary and grammar books which
were written in Indian region have been drawing attention of the researchers,
among the manuscripts of Chagatai / Eastern Turkish in the John Rylands Library.
Chagatai manuscripts in the John Rylands Library have been occupying a place
about six percent among the other Turkish manuscripts. Chagatai manuscripts
which in the John Rylands Library contain a wide range of authors from Khoja
Ahmed-i Yasawi to Ali Sher Nava’i; from Babur Shah to Abu al-Gazi Bahadur
Khan.
In this study, the manuscripts of Chagatai which have been stored in the John
Rylands Library were described and classified and presented to the attention of researchers.

Hâşim-nâme, Ebû Nüvâs tarafından Arapça kaleme alınmış, Sultan Bayezid Han’ın oğlu Sultan Korkud döneminde mütercim Hacı Mehemmed Tokatî tarafından Türkçeye tercüme edilmiş, Hâşim, Seyyâre ve Hûm’un maceralarını anlatan hikâyeler kitabıdır. Yapılan kütüphane ve katalog taramalarında Hâşim-nâme’nin başka bir nüshasına rastlanmamıştır. Bu sebeple eserin metni hazırlanırken bilinen tek nüshası olan Manchester Üniversitesi John Rylands Kütüphanesi 14 numarada kayıtlı nüsha kullanılmıştır. Çalışma giriş, metin, dizin ve tıpkıbasım bölümlerinden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde Hâşim-nâme’nin müellifi, mütercimi, nüsha özellikleri, yazılış sebebi, konusu, hikâyelerin özetleri ve yazım özellikleri, ses bilgisi, Arapça ve Farsça kelimelerle ilgili bazı özellikler üzerinde durulmuştur. Metin bölümünde eser çeviri yazıya aktarılmış ve sayfa numaraları metin üzerinde gösterilmiştir. Dizin bölümünde kelimeler ve birleşik şekiller alfabetik olarak dizilmiştir. Arapça, Farsça birleşik ve türemiş kelimelerin kaynağı ve oluşturuluş şekilleri ile diğer alıntı kelimelerin hangi dilden oldukları ve asıl şekilleri de belirtilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda eserin tıpkıbasımı yer almaktadır.

This chapter deals with the development and production of vaccines in Mexico from the last third of the nineteenth century to 1989, when the erosion of this sector began. Along with discussing Mexican’s physicians’ reception of discoveries in microbiology and immunology, it points out the existence of a network of relationships between Mexican institutions and others around the world. The chapter shows that vaccine development and production did not follow a constant ascendant path, but that it also suffered declines and regressions. It describes the field’s achievements and limitations, and reveals its relationships with the political, economic, and social conditions of the country in different historical moments. Finally, it evaluates the importance of attaining national self-sufficiency in vaccine development and production for the building of the state in pre- and post-revolutionary Mexico, and seeks to provide some answers to the questions of how and why the erosion of this str...

In this chapter, I explore how museums in Manchester, England have recast their collections as sites of conflict, or as agonistic, and thereby approximate the “post-museum” theorized by Eilean-Hooper Greenhill. Using gossip and synaesthesia as critical tools, I examine how museums produce knowledge that is unresolved, precarious, and sensual rather than fixed, settled, and disembodied. As case studies, I consider the incorporation of an abstract self-portrait by a queer-identified South Asian woman into the Whitworth Art Gallery’s permanent collection exhibition of early 20th century artworks on the ‘body’; and a YouTube video documenting a curator's discussion with patrons regarding the genealogy of a Nijerian Ijo figure they gifted to Manchester Museum that engenders frank and personal discussions of contemporary British racism.

South African artist William Kentridge?s (b. 1955) work frequently employsoptical tools, such as the stereoscope, to highlight the contingency and instability ofwitness. These visual tools become metaphors for the process of historicization inpost-apartheid South Africa. Kentridge is best known for his animations that arefilmed by drawing with charcoal, photographing, erasing, redrawing andphotographing again, leaving a palimpsest of previous traces on the paper?s surface.Kentridge?s prints, drawings, puppetry, theatrical projects and performances are alsoaddressed in (un)Fixing the Eye. Kentridge?s vast array of works narrates a historycritical of the narrow and objective history of apartheid constructed by the Truth andReconciliation Commission?s (TRC) official report. Furthermore, the metaphorssuggested by Kentridge?s optical tools undermine the ideology that apartheid is in thepast. It suggests the necessity of colonial narratives as well as issues of class andmaterialism, withi...

The return of Herero and Nama bones from Germany 199 199 skeletons were produced, beheaded from dead bodies, wrapped or boxed and prepared for a journey to pathological institutions in Germany. Humane and ethical norms were violated during this process of decapitation and the preparation of body parts for export. For example, it is claimed that Herero women, some of whom the German soldiers regularly treated like prostitutes, 'were forced to clean the severed heads of their murdered menfolk and scrape off the flesh using pieces of broken glass'. 7 This narrative informs a scenario where survivors were instructed to take the responsibility for their own people's decapitation. German soldiers then 'began to trade in the skulls of dead Herero and Nama people. They sold them to scientists, museums and universities back in Germany'. 8 The practice of trading human bones, particularly skulls, in German SouthWest Africa was so widespread that a number of postcards were made 'showing soldiers packing skulls-as normal colonial life'. 9 It should, however, be noted that human bones were collected under the tutelage of German anthropological research institutes and museums. 10 Eugen Fischer, 11 who later became an anatomist for the Nazis, travelled to German SouthWest Africa in 1908 to conduct research on the Rehoboth Basters, descendants of indigenous South Africans and Cape Colony Dutch, to prove that Mendelian laws of heredity applied to humans. During this time he also visited Riideritz Bay to conduct racial tests on the human remains of prisoners at the Shark Island concentration camp. 12 His studies of the Herero and Nama human remains led him to claim that Europeans were racially superior to Africans, and Fischer is believed to have taken hundreds of dismembered human heads and skeletons to Germany for further research. For over a century, some of Fischer's collections and other bones from Namibia were secretly held by individual institutions across Germany.

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This chapters examines the attempts by psychiatrists and psychoanalysts to popularise their research by choosing to analyse cases—and thus the phenomenon of—creative genius. It shows how psychoanalysis and its proponents co-opted and adapted the medical case study as an extant and authoritative rhetorical form through which to forge a new mode of enquiry. The ways in which psychoanalysts such as Isidor Sadger sought to incorporate and adapt sexological pathographies into psychoanalytic thought, shaped the responses within the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society (WPV) and fuelled a debate that directly contributed to Freud’s development of psychoanalytic case writing. The decisive sophistication of this discourse can be appreciated in Sigmund Freud’s dialogic-psychoanalytic case studies, which show his keen appreciation of the bond that tied middle-class readers to revered creative artists. Yet Freud hesitated (or perhaps thought it fruitless) to challenge this reverence and left the compl...

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The importance of screen acting has often been overlooked in studies on Spanish film. While several critical works on Spanish cinema have centred on the cultural, social and industrial significance of stars, there has been relatively little critical scholarship on what stars are paid to do: act. This is perhaps surprising, given the central role that acting occupies within a film. In his essay 'Why Study Film Acting?', Paul McDonald argues that acting is not only crucial to understanding the affective charge of movies, but integral to the study of film as a whole (2004: 40). Yet, despite its significance, performance remains one of the most elusive and difficult aspects of film analysis. One of the reasons for this, according to Pamela Robertson Wojcik, is its apparent transparency (2004: 1). A 'good' actor supposedly renders their performance 'invisible', thereby concealing the process of acting from the audience, and engaging us within the emotional universe of the character. To this effect, discussion on acting is all too frequently evaluative: we think in terms of how convincing or naturalistic a given performance is, or are invited to appreciate the actorly skills and techniques that are brought to bear on the film. Yet, when it comes to writing about performance academically, it can prove altogether more challenging. It requires us to single out and momentarily freeze the flow of specific moments of performance within a film, and to break them down to their tiniest details. We need to pay attention to what Paul McDonald has called the 'micromeanings of the voice and body' (2004: 40), intricately drawing out the ways in which gesture, body, facial expression and vocal delivery work together to create meaning. From the clench of a fist to the faintest curl of a lip, we should be attuned to the repetition and rhythm of the most minute and subtle of gestures. The orchestration of all of these signs-which, crucially, are both visual and aural-not only help the actor to construct their character, but enable us to glean a greater understanding of cinematic practices and politics of Spanish film. Analysing the fine grain of performance enables us to connect the micro to the macro, alerting us

It is now known that eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing is catalysed by complex molecularmachinery called the spliceosome which consists of five U-type (snRNAs) and nearly 300supplemental protein and non-protein snRNP groups. However, the exact mechanism bywhich the ends and branch point of introns of nuclear pre-mRNA are recognized andeliminated in order to produce complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) is as yetunknown. Tackling this complex issue is of immense importance as a number of inheritedhuman diseases result from faults in pre-mRNA splicing.Prp8 is the largest and one of the essential spliceosomal proteins. This protein isimplicated in splicing reactions although its exact biological role and structure remainlargely undefined. That said it is known that Pre-mRNA splicing is associated withchromatin modification and that chromatin modification can modulate spliceosomeactivity. Structural bioinformatics analysis has been used to gain additional insights intothe molecular structure of...

Building on the historical perspective of the previous chapter, this chapter begins by posing the basic questions ‘what is theory for?’. It argues that in the present case it is to situate the events under scrutiny within a hierarchy of more proximate and more general causes impinging on those events. Towards this end it first surveys a range of explanations that have been brought to bear on the post-2008 crisis, and then surveys a range more general theories of the long-term trajectory of capitalism. In both cases it suggests which theories and explanations are probably the most significant. It concludes by reflecting on the challenge of situating relatively small-scale ethnographic data within large historical explanations that seem to dwarf human agency.

Large dams were central to policy making in Ghana and the rest of Africa in the early postcolonial period as part of the quest for development, framed in terms of the socioeconomic and cultural modernisation that pertained in advanced industrialised countries. Ghana has constructed three large dams, primarily for the provision of hydroelectricity, to catalyse industrialisation. There are plans for other dams in the future. Against the background of debates about large dams and their implications for the environment and human wellbeing, and the continuing global interest in dam construction, particularly in developing countries, this paper provides a retrospective overview of large dams in Ghana, with a specific focus on the Akosombo, Kpong and Bui dams. It notes that decisions and processes leading to dam construction often involve a diverse array of actors operating at different levels, with multiple interests. This potentially leads to indeterminate consequences; therefore, unders...

In Moses and Monotheism (1939), Freud narrates the mytho‐historical journey of an outcast Egyptian king who became the leader of Jews. This book becomes his first writing on religion where he speaks of religion 1 with reference to existing religious communities namely of Jews and Christians. He explained the difference between the two communities through the sin of patricide. For him, while Jews had killed the father and repressed it, Christians admitted guilt for the original sin. Freud had nothing much to say about Islam excepting an analytic comment in the book where he incorporates Islam in the discourse of patricide and writes how Arabs were able to recuperate the great and unique Father, Mohammad and therefore a unique self‐consciousness about it which made them attain material success. He goes on cryptically to say how Arabs do not have the same inner depth like the Jews who repressed the murder of the Father. In my reading of Freud's words, I have always felt how he uses this moment to stress the significance of repression as a psychic mechanism. What he seems to be saying is Arabs are too self‐conscious because they haven't repressed anything. They lack depth because they won't ever be able to remember what they have forgotten. Every time I have heard commentaries stressing how violence espoused by Islam is not only inscribed in the Quran but also a consequence of sexual repression pervasive in the religion and the stringent practice of it, I have often thought about Freud. I have wondered if this reading would make him exhale his cigar in amused agreement, for sex and violence have both been central to this theory of repression, or would it buttress his ideas on religion's obsessional neurotic potential following Islam's alleged reverence for the father and its inability to murder him? What would Freud say, as a Jewish immigrant exiled by Nazism, to the Muslim immigrant exiled as a result of Islamophobia? A two‐day conference on Psychoanalytic Islam/Islamic Psychoanalysis became a conversation of several such possible exchanges.

Drawing on over 150 interviews with former IRA, INLA, UVF and UFF prisoners, this is a major analysis of why Northern Ireland has seen a transition from war to peace. Most accounts of the peace process are 'top-down', relying upon the views of political elites. This book is 'bottom-up', analysing the voices of those who actually 'fought the war'. What made them fight, why did they stop and what are the lessons for other conflict zones? Using unrivalled access to members of the armed groups, the book offering a critical appraisal of ...

Large dams were central to policy making in Ghana and the rest of Africa in the early postcolonial period as part of the quest for development, framed in terms of the socioeconomic and cultural modernisation that pertained in advanced industrialised countries. Ghana has constructed three large dams, primarily for the provision of hydroelectricity, to catalyse industrialisation. There are plans for other dams in the future. Against the background of debates about large dams and their implications for the environment and human wellbeing, and the continuing global interest in dam construction, particularly in developing countries, this paper provides a retrospective overview of large dams in Ghana, with a specific focus on the Akosombo, Kpong and Bui dams. It notes that decisions and processes leading to dam construction often involve a diverse array of actors operating at different levels, with multiple interests. This potentially leads to indeterminate consequences; therefore, unders...

This collection, co-edited by Miriam Haughton, Mary McAuliffe and Emilie Pine, raises incisive questions about the links between the postcolonial carceral system, which thrived in Ireland after 1922, and larger questions of gender, sexuality, identity, class, race and religion. This kind of intersectional history is vital not only in looking back but, in looking forward, to identify the ways in which structural callousness still marks Irish society. Essays include historical analysis of the ways in which women and children were incarcerated in residential institutions, Ireland's Direct Provision system, the policing of female bodily autonomy though legislation on prostitution and abortion, in addition to the legacies of the Magdalen laundries. This collection also considers how artistic practice and commemoration have acted as vital interventions in social attitudes and public knowledge, helping to create knowledge and re-shape social attitudes towards this history.

In this extended introductory essay, Catherine Gander and Sarah Garland suggest new ways of looking at the correspondences between visual and verbal practices toconsider their material and conceptual connections in a specifically American set of histories, contexts and interpretive traditions. Tracing a lineage of experiential philosophy that isgrounded in the overturning of a Cartesian mind/body split, the authors argue for pluralistic perspectives on intermedial innovations that situate embodied and imaginative reader-viewer response as vital to the life of the artwork. Gander and Garland chart two main strands to this approach: the pragmatist strain of American aesthetics and social politics, rooted in the essays of transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson and emanating from the writings of John Dewey and William James; and the conceptualist strain of French-American Marcel Duchamp, whose ground-breaking ideas both positioned the artwork as a phenomenological construction and libera...

39 in Germany and Polish officials actively involved in the local commemoration of the former National Socialist camps. Condemned by the president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, Paul Spiegel, as an act 'bordering on blasphemy' , the plan to bury the tooth of the Holocaust victim in the Berlin memorial, as well as the fact that it was left unburied for almost two decades, was a clear violation of Jewish religious law. To take a body part from its place of burial and to attempt to inhume it outside of the Jewish cemetery is patently against the norms of the Halakha. Moreover, the plan outlined for the future handling of the tooth skirted dangerously close to the cult of relics, which is strictly forbidden in Judaism. According to Albert Meyer, the chairman of Berlin's Jewish community, the implementation of Rosh's idea would therefore force its members to avoid visiting the Holocaust Memorial, which was, after all, not conceived as and should not be transformed into a Jewish cemetery. 4 He unequivocally castigated both the former treatment of the tooth and the intentions for its future handling. The Orthodox rabbi of the Jewish community of Berlin, Yitzhak Ehrenberg, who initially backed Rosh's plan, quickly withdrew his support in reaction to the widespread outrage caused by her address and proposed that the molar be buried with all due respect and deference to Jewish law at Berlin's Jewish cemetery at Scholzplatz. Yet the Polish officials adopted a slightly different line of reasoning. Focusing on the highly problematic-if not criminal-nature of Rosh's decision to take the tooth from the site of the former extermination camp, Krystyna Oleksy, a representative of the State Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau, framed it as 'bordering on theft' and a desecration of the grave. 5 The first director of the newly established museum-memorial site at Bełz ec, Robert Kuwałek, also pointed out the almost unlawful character of the deed: 'It is strictly forbidden to take "souvenirs" whilst visiting our premises'; 6 'I have no knowledge of another instance of laying hold of such a peculiar souvenir by one of the guests'. 7 Thus, he both intimated and explicitly demanded that the tooth be returned to the former camp. Even though a few accounts exist of Holocaust survivors and relatives of Bełz ec victims collecting bone fragments and human remains at the site and bringing them for burial in Israel or the United States, 8 apparently unbeknown to Kuwałek at the time, the public display of the 'Jewish' molar taken from the former Nazi camp in Poland clearly overstepped too many boundaries. Ultimately, on 16 July 2005, the tooth was brought back to Bełz ec and buried-in accordance with Jewish law and with the assistance of a rabbi-in a small box under one of

This chapter explores the writing of Ali Smith from the late 1990s to the publication of How to be Both (2014). It concentrates primarily on her novels and short stories, though some attention is paid to her occasional writings. The chapter is broken into two broad generic sections, the first addressing her short stories together, the second her novels in chronological order. Each text is given close analytical study through formal, stylistic, and thematic critique, building to an overview of an author whose moral sense of duty for the care of the other is paradoxically set against her confusion at the impenetrability of that other’s being.

In this chapter, Gioia Angeletti examines Byron’s letters to his British correspondents and his journals from the Italian years in order to throw into relief their ‘ethnographic observation of the human and cultural geography of Italy’. Insisting on the contingent reality of the country, rather than an idealised ‘Italy’, these documents show Byron as a cultural mediator between Italy and Britain as he immerses himself in, and offers an insider’s view of, the country’s quotidian life, its ‘anthropological and ethnographic marginalia or minutiae’. However, this chapter also indicates that Byron’s letters home perform a delicate balancing act between immersion and difference, as he retains his Britishness even as he acquires Italianness – an Anglo-Italian doubleness that is a recurrent feature in his more specifically literary writings, too.

The article will present the findings of ethnographic research into the Colombian and Mexican forensic systems, introducing the first citizen-led exhumation project made possible through the cooperation of scholars, forensic specialists and interested citizens in Mexico. The coupling evolution and mutual re-constitution of forensic science will be explored, including new forms of citizenship and nation building projects – all approached as lived experience – in two of Latin America‘s most complex contexts: organised crime and mass death.

It was during the teens that filmmaking truly came into its own. Notably, the migration of studios to the West Coast established a connection between moviemaking and the exoticism of Hollywood. The essays in American Cinema of the 1910s explore the rapid developments of the decade that began with D. W. Griffith's unrivaled one-reelers. By mid-decade, multi-reel feature films were profoundly reshaping the industry and deluxe theaters were built to attract the broadest possible audience. Stars like Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin, and Douglas Fairbanks became vitally important, and companies began writing high-profile contracts to secure them. With the outbreak of World War I, the political, economic, and industrial groundwork was laid for American cinema's global dominance. By the end of the decade, filmmaking had become a true industry, complete with vertical integration, efficient specialization and standardization of practices, and self-regulatory agencies. Charlie Keil is an associate professor in the Department of History and the director of the Cinema Studies Institute at the University of Toronto. He is the author of Early American Cinema in Transition: Story, Style, and Filmmaking, 1907-1913. Ben Singer is an associate professor of film in the Department of Communication Arts at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He is the author of Melodrama and Modernity: Early Sensational Cinema and Its Contexts.

Word and image studies have advanced immeasurably over the last twenty years or so. As yet, however, the interpretive strategies generated have focused largely on European products and philosophical traditions. This volume represents the first sustained and collective effort to resituate the critical discourse within an intellectual framework more fully matched to the particular contexts and histories of Anglo-American visual-verbal relations in works of artistic experimentation, and to bring together the complex relationships in these works between the imagistic, the symbolic and the concrete. Mixed Messages assembles essays on modern and contemporary works that challenge the historic separation of visual and verbal, instead reading poetry, illustrated texts, artists’ books, philosophy, conceptual art, architecture, painting, comic books, photography, digital media, installations and exhibitions as places where images and texts meet and are mutually enhanced. By returning to books ...

Please note: For simplicity and readability, names/acronyms in capital letters such as FUPAROCA and CONACADO, have been changed to lower case with a capital first letter. Throughout the English version of the report the names of regions have also been anglicised (e.g. NorthEast for Nordeste).

We describe a novel approach to topological mapping for mobile robotics, and its advantages over existing proposals. The central idea is to develop a hierarchical\ multiple resolution" representation from the robot's perceptions of its environment, computing only at a relevant level of detail for a given navigation task. The robot may then perform the task of e ciently navigating to a speci ed location. The resulting system is e cient since computation occurs only over the simplest representations necessary for each stage of the navigation.\ ...

Community engagement is commonly regarded as a crucial entry point for gaining access and securing trust during humanitarian emergencies. In this article, we present three case studies of community engagement encounters during the West African Ebola outbreak. They represent strategies commonly implemented by the humanitarian response to the epidemic: communication through comités de veille villageois in Guinea, engagement with NGO-affiliated community leadership structures in Liberia and indirect mediation to chiefs in Sierra Leone. These case studies are based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out before, during and after the outbreak by five anthropologists involved in the response to Ebola in diverse capacities. Our goal is to represent and conceptualise the Ebola response as a dynamic interaction between a response apparatus, local populations and intermediaries, with uncertain outcomes that were negotiated over time and in response to changing conditions. Our findings show that...

This chapter looks at skin, sensibility and touch in painterly practice and the art literature on the one hand, and in medical as well as philosophical discourse on the other. It argues that the new medical understanding of organic substances as textured joined a special attention to brushwork in mid-eighteenth-century French art practice and theory. This conjuncture prompted attempts to imitate the skin's tissue with an appropriate facture produced by the artist’s hand. The chapter takes the medical metaphorisation of skin as a ‘nervous canvas‘ in the 1765 article ‘sensibilité‘ of Diderot's and d'Alembert's Encyclopédie as its guide to discuss relations between artistic and medical visions of skin in mid-eighteenth-century France. It focuses on the so-called portraits de fantaise by Jean-Honoré Fragonard and argues that the carnations in these paintings are as much about flesh as they are about the materiality and vitality of skin. Pivotal for the analysis of the in...

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This chapter’s ‘post-mortem’ of the Herrmann-Hitchcock collaboration focusses on what occurred between the two men during the fateful sessions in which Hitchcock fired Herrmann when he was dissatisfied with what the composer was developing for the film. However, the chapter searches more broadly for reasons why the partnership broke down, including Hitchcock’s philosophies about film scoring and exploring the history of the working relationship between the two men, looking in particular at the process of spotting and scoring Psycho that caused such friction and created a precedent for what happened on Torn Curtain, albeit with a very different outcome.

my Grid aims to develop high-level middleware to support an e-scientist in conducting in silico ex- periments in biology. An important part of this is to define a conceptual space - the myGrid informa- tion model - where both biological data and experimental processes are modelled, with emphasis on the latter. As such, it defines the basic concepts through which different aspects of the e-science process are represented and linked. The information model provides shared data abstractions that underpin important service interactions and so promote synergy between myGrid components. This paper describes how the information model captures the e-science process, including the collection of data, experiments, provenance and annotation.

When Frank Prochaska first published his studies on philanthropy, he provided the most in-depth scholarship to date. But this research is now over 20 years old and is ready for review. It is also a purely historical analysis, with little archaeological content. This research seeks to enhance Prochaska’s findings, using the archaeological record to evaluate, augment and further develop his findings.A complex web of personal and societal motivations interweave through individual philanthropic activity. Most research to date ignores this interconnectedness, or relegates it to subordinate status, producing a simplistic model. This research seeks to explore the relationship between personal impulse and societal pressure, investigating the affiliation between the two in diverse case studies, both UK and international. This is accomplished through archaeological methodology, and the exploration of material culture.The model proposed in this research provides a recognition of the complexity of personal and communal action. It draws heavily on a theoretical perspective that includes Bourdieu and Giddens. It places these theoretical perspectives within a practical and appropriate framework, to provide a robust analysis of change through philanthropic action. As such it complements much of the research of Prochaska, whilst providing a modern interpretation.

The Victorian epoch in Britain saw the incredible changes throughout every aspect of the country. Britain saw scientific, technological, economic and social changes. One of the largest changes seen in this period of history Britain saw the industrial revolution, which brought about a shift from agricultural to heavy industry. Many contemporary scholars often only wrote about and interpreted the lives of the factory owners or upper echelons of society. With the creation of the factory system in Britain the working class were subjugated by the majority of factory owners, whose sole aim was to improve their profit margins. A phenomena of the Victorian age and moreover the industrial revolution was the establishing of factory villages. These villages purposely built by factory owners in order to house the workforce, but as in many cases and with Saltaire which is the case study being used in this thesis. Factory villages often bought a higher level of living standards but this was ultimately compensated by the use of rules and regulations to keep the workers in order. The rest of the working class had to do with living in urban areas were the population had boomed due to the industrial revolution, often housed in poor housing their standard of living was less salubrious but on the other hand they were not made to live by rules and regulations. It is the aim of this thesis to compare the living standards of two sets of working class dwellers. Those whoinhabited the model village of Saltaire, and the workers who inhabited the urban industrial district of Ancoats.

Editorial introduction - Pelagia Goulimari Part I: Genealogies of the postmodern Gone forever, but here to stay: the legacy of the Postmodern - Linda Hutcheon A Bas Postmodernism, of course - Robert Venturi On the Postmodernism debate - Zygmunt Bauman and Keith Tester Postmodernity and (the end of) metaphysics - Gianni Vattimo (trans. David Rose) Ereignisse of the Postmodern: Heidegger, Lyotard, and Gerhard Richter - Hugh J. Silverman Human rights in Postmodernity - Costas Douzinas Subjectivity, ethics, politics: learning to live without the subject - Jane Flax Part II: Mapping the postmodern They might have been giants - John McGowan Reappraising the Postmodern: novelties, mapping and historical narratives - Douglas Kellner The Postmodern: after the (non-)event - Mike Gane and Nicholas Gane Part III: The postmodern and the twenty-first century Postmodernism and Islam: where to after September 11? - Akbar S. Ahmed Goodbye to all that - McKenzie Wark Suspicion of thought - Arthur Kroker and Marilouise Kroker Affect and Postmodernity in the struggle over "American Modernity" - Lawrence Grossberg Heterogeneity and Post-Modernity - Ernesto Laclau Postscript - Fredric Jameson