Undergraduate Students

Context: Smoking incidence among youths in Nigeria is on the rise and cigarette smoking is considered one of the largest causes of preventable morbidity and mortality globally. Aims: To assess the prevalence and awareness of cigarette smoking amongst undergraduates of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Settings and Design: This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive survey conducted among undergraduates in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka from June to August 2016. Methods and Material: Data were collected by the 44-item structured, self-administered questionnaire. Statistical Analysis used: The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 16.0 (SPSS Inc, Version 16.0, Chicago, USA). P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 570 questionnaires were completed and returned. Only 49.6% of the students had adequate knowledge of cigarette smoking and its health implications while the same percentag...

Studies have shown that academic dishonesty is a complex and a growing problem worldwide. The aim of this study is to explain the personal philosophy and understandings of students about academic dishonesty. The research is based on semi-structured interviews with 26 undergraduate students. The results of the study indicate that undergraduate students mostly regard academic dishonesty as cheating on exams and giving answers to their fellow students. Participants inter alia mentioned reasons regarding academic dishonesty the indifferent attitude of university teachers who, as if, prompt and encourage students to cheat and who themselves also provide a negative model for students. The reasons behind academic dishonesty are associated with the widespread use of it in comprehensive schools and the internet makes participating in academic dishonesty easier for students. To reduce academic dishonesty the following option is mentioned: students should be interested in and should try to acquaint themselves with teaching methods of the members of university teachers. Understanding how undergraduate students think about academic dishonesty and their attitudes towards it could help reduce incidences of academic dishonesty.

In investigating learners' vocabulary mastery, some researchers focused their studies on either receptive or productive vocabulary mastery. This study examines university students' vocabulary knowledge in Indonesia by using the Vocabulary Level Test (VLT). It also compares the receptive vocabulary size of students who obtained extra hours of English instruction with those who had not. Furthermore, this study also identifies their strategies in enhancing their vocabulary mastery. The 2000-word frequency-band from the receptive version of the VLT and questionnaire are used for data collection. The results show that their receptive vocabulary scores are lower than 2000 words and no significant difference was found between the students who had extra hours of English instruction and those who had not. Then it can be stated that even after they had gained extra hours of English instruction, their average vocabulary knowledge was still lower than the 1000 estimated word level in the VLT.

Metacognitive awareness of reading strategies measures how readers of a text engage with it and think about their own reading processes. This paper presents the findings of a descriptive study on the metacognitive awareness of reading strategy use on the undergraduate students of Lahore, Pakistan. The study makes use of the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI), which is a self-report instrument, and has 30 items on a 5-point Likert scale; it was administered to 500 public and private sector universities students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed for analysis through the use of SPSS, version 22. The results reported that problem-solving and support strategies are equally preferred over global strategies. Results of the t-test revealed that students from the public sector demonstrate greater strategy awareness than those from the private sector in all the subscales of MARSI, while no overall significant difference between Humanities and Sciences was found.

The aim of this study was to estimate the dependability coefficient of undergraduate students' evaluation scores of teaching performance within a generalizability theory framework. To this purpose, assessment data of professors in the first semester of academic year 2014-2015, recorded in educational system of Allameh Tabataba'i University, were defined as statistical society. Then, performance assessments scores of 12 professors were selected as statistical sample using multistage random sampling. Data were analyzed using multi-facet nested design to evaluate dependability coefficient of data. Findings suggest that dependability coefficient of students' views on teaching performance of professors is not the same for all departments. In addition, mean evaluation scores of eight professors from 12 samples should not be regarded as the basis for decision-making, since their dependability coefficient is lower than expected. According to the results, it is suggested to evaluate dependability coefficient of students' views first for promotion of guest or adjunct professors or renewal of their contracts. If this dependability coefficient was lower than expected, their views should not be considered as a basis for decision making.

Background: The role of research was supported by faculty, researchers and professional
organizations as an essential standard for practice and professional accountability. It is
important to equip students with a strong research foundation to facilitate judging applicability
of findings to clinical settings, and conducting research and eventually improving the quality
of health-care. Increasing attention is directed to students’ attitudes and involvement in
research, however, no previous studies were located on the attitudes of Saudi students
towards research. Aim: To investigate the attitudes of nursing students toward research in
Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A descriptive design with convenient sample of 244
senior students at a three-campus college of nursing in three regions in Saudi Arabia using
a 22-items self-administered 4-point likert type attitude questionnaire. Results: Majority
of students reported positive attitudes toward research with highest scores for ‘usefulness
of research’ and ‘personal interest in research’ and lowest scores for ‘using research in
clinical practice’. Research attitudes significantly correlated with students’ seniority and
having completed a research course. Conclusions and Recommendations: Assessing
students’ attitudes towards research enhances implementation of findings in patient care and
proposes means for developing positive attitudes and raising students’ awareness of future
role as practicing nurses. Students had positive attitudes toward research and its usefulness
in professional work and less positive attitudes toward using research in practice. Faculty
should develop students’ knowledge and attitudes while studying at the college. Nursing
and health-related professions researchers should direct attention to promoting the ultimate
implementation of evidence-based practice by students as well as nurses.

Key words: Attitudes, nursing, nursing students, research, Saudi Arabia

A clear inverse relationship exists between efficacy and anxiety and anxiety and performance in mathematics. However, efficacy is domain-and task-specific, so the role that specific types of efficacy play in the anxiety-performance relationship is less clear. Emotional self-efficacy moderates this relationship in children, but research has not yet examined its role with math anxiety and performance in undergraduate students who have more developed emotional regulation. Further, understanding the role of self-efficacy for different tasks (i.e., efficacy for math versus for emotion regulation) is important to understanding math anxiety and how to intervene for math anxious individuals. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to explore the moderating and/or mediating role of both math selfefficacy and emotional self-efficacy in undergraduate students using indirect effects analyses. One hundred and fifteen students at a mid-sized state university in the Midwest United States completed self-report measures of emotional selfefficacy, math self-efficacy, and math anxiety before completing a standardized measure of math performance. Results of indirect effects analyses determined that math self-efficacy had an indirect effect on the anxiety-performance relationship while emotional self-efficacy had neither indirect nor moderating effects on the math anxiety-performance relationship.

In response to global concerns about university students’ mental health, various whole-of-institution strategies have been developed to enhance students’ resilience and wellbeing. These strategies are essential for students who have experienced national and international challenges to their wellbeing, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these approaches do not always consider the unique challenges that undergraduate students from specific study areas experience, nor the unique strengths they can adapt to mitigate these challenges. To contribute original knowledge to the growing evidence-based approaches that promote student mental health, this research explored the wellbeing of an undergraduate student group that has not yet been comprehensively researched for this purpose: visual art students in Australian universities. Additionally, this research sought to understand visual art students’ opinions on how to foster student resilience and wellbeing while they are enrolled in Australian art courses.

The primary objective of this study was to examine the factors affecting students' academic performance at undergraduate level. The research is conducted based on students of the Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura which is one of the state universities in Sri Lanka. The Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce is one of the largest faculties in the university system and enrolls about 5,000 internal undergraduate students. The faculty offers 12 special degree programs, more than 250 course units covering the range of Management and Accounting related disciplines (Prospectus USJP, 2017). The sample consisted 191 graduate students who were completed their degree program in the year 2016 and 2015 (Academic year 2011/12 and 2010/11). Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted as main analytical methods. The result of the correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation of past academic performance, proficiency in English, lecture attendance and time spent outside the university on academic performance and negative correlation between internship period and academic performance. The multiple regression analysis concluded that past academic performance, English proficiency, lecture attendance and time spent outside the university are significant factors when evaluating the academic performance. The study analyzed hypothesis test in order to determine whether there is a significant difference exist between intern students' and non-intern students' academic performance. The independent sample T-test was used to test the hypothesis and result found that there is no significant difference exists between interns' and no-interns' academic performance. Study concluded that better understanding of factors affects the performance of students in any given course is must in the process of improving students' academic performance.

This study investigates the predictive power of existential anxieties (death, meaninglessness, isolation, and freedom) on life satisfaction and self-esteem. The study was designed within the framework of a relational screening model. The study group of the research was comprised of a total of 418 sophomore and junior students studying in various undergraduate programs of Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences in the 2015-2016 spring term. The Existential Anxiety Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale were utilized for the study in order to assess undergraduate students’ existential anxieties. The t-test for the independent samples and multiple regression analysis were used in the analyses of data collected within the scope of the study. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis technique was utilized to ascertain the best predictors for the self-esteem and life satisfaction variables in the study. The results of the study revealed no statistically significant differences between female and male students pertaining to the meaninglessness, isolation, death anxiety, and freedom sub-dimensions of the existential anxiety scale and the total score obtained from the scale. It was observed that the meaninglessness, isolation, and freedom variables were significant predictors with regards to their contribution to the self-esteem variance. It was also seen that the isolation and meaninglessness variables were significant predictors regarding their contribution to the life satisfaction variance. The data collected were discussed within the framework of related literature.

These are the case studies that I intend to use for an undergraduate section of Organizational Behavior this fall at Carnegie Mellon University's Qatar campus. They are self-created cases with discussion questions based on nearly 20  television shows and movies including--Undercover Boss, Cake Boss, The Office, The Apprentice, Lost, Ugly Betty, Monk, My Name is Earl, Grey's Anatomy, Ugly Betty, Ocean's 11, Ice Road Truckers, Arrested Development, Community, Silicon Valley, Hell's Kitchen, Deadliest Catch, Better Off Ted,  and Brooklyn Nine-Nine.

This study investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) literacy in teaching and learning among undergraduate students in SouthEast Nigerian universities. Three research questions were posed for the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey designed. The population of the study was 540 respondents from selected 5 universities in SouthEast Nigeria, consisting of 335 males and 205 females with a reliability index of 0.78 using Cronbach alpha method. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was validated by three experts, one from the Faculty of Engineering, one from the Faculty of Education and one from the Faculty of Social Sciences, all from the five selected universities. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings of the study revealed that computer, mobile-phone and internet were the three ICT mostly used by undergraduate students, although, more on an occasional basis. The findings of the study also revealed that some of the challenges faced by undergraduate students in Nigerian universities include: lack of skills to use the ICT facilities, non-reliability of public electricity supply, limited duration for the use of ICT and frequent computer breakdown. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that Nigerian universities should make available more ICT equipment and facilities to enhance student's skills and performance towards the use of ICT in teaching and learning, since, they have an average ICT literacy level. Also, universities authority should introduce courses on ICT proficiency to all students and encourage lecturers to make use the ICT facilitiesin teaching and learning.

Social anxiety and deficits in social skills can prejudice the practice of psychology, since this profession is based on the professional relationship established between the psychologist and his patients. This study aim to evaluate students of psychology in relation to these factors. Participated in the study 69 students from two private universities in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the IHS-Del-Prette and CASO-A30 scales. The results indicated that 23% of students present evidences of Social Phobia Disorder and 43.5% have deficits in social skills in at least one of the factors evaluated by IHS-Del-Prette, and, Self-affirmation in the expression of positive feelings and Self-affirmation and Coping with risk (F2 and F1 respectively) were the factors with more students with deficits scores. The results show that many students have difficulties and the need for greater attention by universities in the development of social skills and strategi...

CHAPTER ONE 1.1. Background of Study Today every organization's top priority is to manage the human resources. The level of the productivity and the efficiency of employees should be increased to take maximum output (Gamage & Imbulana, 2013). The survival of any organization in the competitive society lies in its ability to train its human resource to be creative, innovative, inventive who will

I have received a lot of emails recently from high school students or new college students wondering how to approach the study of art history. This is a response I wrote to those who emailed me using Tumblr. My goal is that this post will give high school students & recent grads interested in art history practical and pertinent information and advice they can use until my book, The Study of Art History: From High School through College, is complete.

The topics I address are as follows:

1.      Studying art history independently

2.      Classes & activities to do in high school

3.      Preparing to be an art history major in college

4.      Double Majoring

5.      Making yourself a competitive job candidate

Dysfunctional thoughts manifest themselves in regular moods of depression. This study explored the relationship between cognitive distortions and depression among undergraduate students. The study also examined the influence of students' personal characteristics (gender, age, and educational level) on cognitive distortions and depression. A total of two hundred undergraduate students from the University of Ghana responded to both Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ). Analyses of data reveal a positive and significant relationship between cognitive distortions and depression. However, no relationship was found between age and cognitive distortions and depression. Again, there was no gender difference in depression and cognitive distortions. Finally, there was a significant impact of educational level on depression but not on cognitive distortions. The findings of the study are discussed.

The purpose of this paper is to identify existing incongruencies in the academic and social approach to the individuals with learning disabilities and explore the possibility of looking at this issue as an evolutionary process, rather than the disease outbreak. It then proposes an alternative solution for a classroom environment, where all individuals, regardless of learning disability types, feel like a cohesive group. The projected Learning Ability Classroom explores the potentials of integration of a vast variety of tools, known to aid with most common learning disabilities, as well as other psychological and teaching tools used in non-academic industries, and will present the suggestions in eight major sectors of a classroom learning: leadership approach, time allocation, room layout, discipline, resources, exercises, tests and projects, and homework types and submissions. Finally, it discusses non-formal research, conducted in as a physical experiment of setting up Learning Ability Classrooms in business schools for undergraduate and graduate international cohorts.

The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing career choice among the second year undergraduate students, Faculty of Management Studies & Commerce, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka. The factors investigated included such as personal or self, associate with family and relations, within the university and others, associate with current market and geographical area, occupational and others. Actually the students are facing problem when they have to choice their specialization field because several factors are influencing in the selection of specialization. This selection of specialization is very essential everyone to recognize them in the world. Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce has four disciplines of specialization which are Accounting, Marketing, Human Recourse Management and Financial Management. The students are following first two years as commonly after the second year they have to choice their specialization. The study was conducted using survey design with a population of 100second year undergraduate students. The data for this study has been collected using structured questionnaire. The findings of this study revealed that personal factors have the most influential role with career choices among the second year undergraduate students, Faculty of Management Studies & Commerce, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka.

The study examined the attitude of undergraduate students towards the use of mobile technology for learning; it investigated the perception of undergraduate students on the use of mobile technology for learning and also determined the relationship that exists between the attitude of the undergraduate students and their use of mobile technology for learning. These were with the view to encouraging the utilization of mobile technologies in the classroom in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Six hundred undergraduate students were selected from the six faculties using stratified random sampling based on the level of study and faculty. A 32 item questionnaire designed on five points Likert Scale was used to gather information from the sample. The results revealed that the students had a very good attitude towards the use of mobile technology for learning (X= 42.11, S.D= 4.73). The result showed that undergraduate students had the right perception of the use of mobile technologies (x= 27.2, S.D= 3.58). The results also revealed that attitude was a predictor of students use of mobile technologies (F= 87.48; p< 0.05). There was a significant relationship between the student’s attitude and their use of mobile technologies for learning (r= 0.373; P < 0.05). Also, there is no significant difference between male and female undergraduate students attitude towards the use of mobile technologies for learning and based on the result obtained which is p=0.71 which means that p<0.05.

The changing face of the Irish third level education system (Dept. of Education & Skills, 2011) presents many opportunities for students entering post primary education, however there may be a need to consider the significant challenges it may also pose for these students and this paper highlights possible issues and strategies to overcome these. The interplay between a range of environmental and personality factors are thought to lead to feelings of stress/burnout and an effective response requires intervention at an individual and organizational level. The current study sought to identify self-reported levels of stress among students classified as mature entering third level education (aged 23 years and over upon entry).

The present research is building on previous research indicating moderate to high levels of stress/burnout with academic staff (McLean & Tuite, 2014), in order to explore any possible links with the student’s experience. This research utilises a quantitative research approach to identify challenges experienced by particular student groups in relation to stress and burn-out.  Findings in the current study are based on a sample of 104 undergraduate students from a third level college in Ireland.  The sample comprises of 54 students classified as mature (over 23 years on entry to college) and the remainder under the age of 23.  Two scales were administered to the group.  The 10 item perceived stress scale (Cohen 1983) and the 28 item COPE inventory (Carver 1989) in the second semester of the 2015/16 academic year.  The Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelstein, 1983) has previously been used to identify perceived levels of stress in a broad population of college students. The scale is intended to assess the extent to which respondents found their lives unpredictable, uncontrollable and overloading and is proposed by the developers as being a more consistent indicator of stress levels than questionnaires based on recounting of specific life events which are perceived to be stressful. In addition to administration of the scale this study utilises a range of basic demographic questions and a small number of questions related to sources of support and effective mechanisms to manage stress arising a part of academic participation.

ABSTRACT
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have become common place entities in all aspect of life. The use of ICT in Education lends itself to more student's centered-learning settings. But the world moving rapidly into digital media and information, the role of ICT in Education is becoming more and more important and this importance will continue to grow and develop in teaching and learning, that is why we choose a research on; The Impacts of ICT on primary school Education in Zaria Local Government. A Case Study of Justice Basheer Sambo LGEA Primary School, Lemu Zaria City. The purpose of this research is to make primary school pupils in Zaria Local Government also to become ICT oriented so as to avoid having difficulties to operate in the further levels of education (Secondary and Tertiary), the research focuses on familiarizing ICT as an effective tool for teaching and learning based on three main objectives: Ascertain the impacts of ICT on primary school pupils' performance in Zaria Local government, ICT factors militating against the use of ICT in relation to the pupils' performance, then possible solutions to the ICT problems to improve the effective performance of the pupils and some recommendations that may lead to the improvement in the use of ICT in teaching and learning. Three hypothesis where drawn and were all rejected at the end of the research, that: HO1- There is no significant difference between ICT and the performance of pupils in primary schools. HO2- There is no significant different between ICT problems and the performance of the primary school pupils and that. HO3- There is no significant difference between the solutions to the ICT problems and the performance of primary school pupils in the study area. This is because the result of our findings has proven all the hypotheses wrong. ICT has a great impact on the performance of the primary school pupils in Zaria Local Government, it has influenced teachers efficiency and effectiveness in teaching and learning as well influences the pupils' academic performance. Therefore, Government should look into the possibility of making ICT a general conduct and apply into the public primary schools by providing them with enough ICT facilities, qualified IT professionals and Technicians to ensure the effective utility and maintenance of the Units.

This study aims to identify the most crucial barrier to creativity as experienced by the Malaysian undergraduate students. Second, it assesses the relationship between the Malaysian public universities and the level of severity of creativity barriers. Third, it assesses the difference among students from different faculty of study in relation to the severity of creativity barriers. The Martin's (1990) self-report 'inventory of barriers to creative thought and innovative action' was administered to 459 respondents from several universities. The findings revealed that barriers related to task achievement are the most critical barrier to creativity. Meanwhile, the results also showed that there is no significant different among students from different universities in relation to the level of severity of creativity barriers. Similarly, it revealed that there is no significant different among students from different faculties in relation to the severity of creativity barriers. The discussion addresses future research direction.

Background: With increasing use of computers by young adults in educational institutions as well as at home there is a need to investigate whether students are adopting ergonomic principles when using computers. 
Objective: To assess the practice of students on ergonomic principles while working on computers and their association with the symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS).
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the undergraduate students using pre-tested structured questionnaire on the demographic profile, practice of ergonomic principles and symptoms of CVS experienced while on continuous computer work within the past one month duration. 
Results: Out of 416 students studied, 58% of them viewed computer at a distance of 20 to 40 inches, 61 % viewed the computer screen at the same level, 42.8% placed the reference material between monitor and key board, 24.5% tilted screen backward and 75.7% took frequent breaks to prevent CVS. Students who viewed the computer at a distance of less than 20 inches, viewed upwards or downwards to see the computer, who did not avoid glare and did not took frequent breaks were at higher risk of developing CVS. Students who did not used adjustable chair, height adjustable keyboard were at higher risk of developing neck and shoulder pain. 
Conclusion: The students who were not practicing ergonomics principle and did not check posture and make ergonomic alteration were at higher risk of developing CVS.

The purpose of this study was to reveal the attitudes and behaviours of undergraduate students towards motivation and technology in a foreign language learning classroom. A descriptive survey research design was used to collect data through questionnaires which were formed of two sections: demographic information and 25 statements on a five point Likert scale. The questionnaires were distributed to 700 undergraduate students studying at Atatürk Education Faculty in the teaching departments. This study was carried out during the fall term of the academic year 2009-2010 at Near East University in North Cyprus. The data of the research was analysed by using the SPSS 13.0 software. After that, tables were formed with individually explanations. During the statistical analysis one-way analysis of variance and t-test were used to identify the difference between groups; the frequencies and the percentages of the statements were calculated as well. At the end of variance analysis, the difference between the groups was identified through Post Hoc LSD tests and results shown through tables of arithmetic mean, SD (standard deviation) and frequency. As a result of the analysis each statement was calculated through the average of the interval values of scale as: Strongly Agree between (4,20-5,00), Agree between(3,40-4,19), Neutral between (2,60-3,39), Disagree between (1,80-2,59) and Strongly Disagree between (1,00-1,79). Furthermore, this study was taken on board due to the insufficient use of technology; use of multi-media in the students' EFL learning environment in North Cyprus, therefore it affects the students' motivation towards technology in addition to reflecting several behavioural reactions where these may cause problems in the language learning process. The results of this study indicate that although technology may be playing an important factor in the education, participants studying EFL struggle to accept technology being integrated in their learning.

Abstract- Female entrepreneurship is considered an important tool in enabling female empowerment and emancipation.  The main objective of this study is to investigate female undergraduate students’ attitudes toward and perceptions of entrepreneurship (Comparison Ethiopian Public and Private Universities). In the light of recent world events, this has become a crucial area to study and understand – especially with respect to, attitudes toward entrepreneur, motivations, constraints and consequences. The reason why final year female undergraduates are chosen for the current study is because they are at a period in their career development where they are considering different career routes and are therefore, a potential source of future female entrepreneurs. For research design; cross-sectional, descriptive and inferential designs study were used in the study. In the study both primary and secondary data were used. Pertaining to data analysis the researchers had used both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques mainly descriptive analysis using percentages, tables and graphs deployed. While for inferential statistics like distribution based analysis for nominal data type, chi-square, and multi-regeration were used to test the statistically significant difference (independency) of variables, impacts of independent variables on dependent variable.

This study aimed to identify the differences between cognitive flexibility and subjective vitality according to specialisation background (scientific and literary), gender (male and female) and the ability of cognitive flexibility as a predictor of subjective vitality. The cognitive flexibility inventory and subjective vitality scale were applied to 189 undergraduate students in Jordan. The results showed that the highest mean of cognitive flexibility dimensions belonged to alternative flexibility, whereas control flexibility came in the second rank. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in alternative flexibility according to specialisation background in favour of literary background students, but no significant differences were found in control flexibility, total cognitive flexibility and total score of subjective vitality. The results also indicated that there were significant differences in alternative flexibility and the total score of cognitive flexibility according to gender for males' benefit, but no significant differences in control flexibility and the total score of subjective vitality according to gender were found. Furthermore, the subjective vitality could be predicted by cognitive flexibility.

This article tackles the evidence-based relationship between categories of campus remodelling across first to third age group of undergraduate students following a three-year study at Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi (UAIC) in Romania. As a method, we selected a multistage random sampling with n = 1140 students. We also used The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (Manova) test run with SPSS version 21 to contrast the student’s campus remodelling of UAIC by age group status of first (n = 837), second (n = 229), and third (n = 73) age group. As results, we observed that during the academic remodelling, the second and third age group of students experienced positive outcomes while the first faced negative results. Regarding the social remodelling, the first and third age group of students underwent positive net results while the second came across negative outcomes. As for the psychological remodelling, the first and third age group of students had positive test results while the second met negative outcomes. Within the institutional remodelling the second and third age group students manifested positive outcomes while the first age group students exhibited negative outcomes. The contribution of this article is to argue that there are considerable contrasts among students’ age groups from first to third concerning various categories of campus remodelling. To conclude, the present article aims to demonstrate that campus remodelling across higher education age group status influences undergraduate students’ academic experiences.

With all of the violence and death that has occurred in America in the summer of 2016, it seems as if the discussion of the issues surrounding these and similar events has failed to lead us out of the current predicament. By analyzing the myths, rituals, and traditions of the Yoruba deity Ogun, this paper seeks to provide an indigenous Yoruba perspective on the current issues of violence, death, social isolation, social inequality, and sexual assault and harassment in American society and institutions of higher learning. With American society’s emphasis on progress, hard work, technology, and force in the form of guns and military might, it argues that we are living in an “Age of Ogun,” but will need to learn to interact with him properly in order to resolve these terrifying and related issues.

The present scenario fact that the English is a language of modern technological and scientific developments, text is a primary tool for students to gain the knowledge in writing skills. However, most male Saudi students show minimum efficient in L2 writing skill and do not have sufficient competence for writing the authentic English passages. To enhance this various study were undergone to cope up the gap between the student's use of lexical and cohesive ties by applying task-oriented teaching. However, the immediate need to fill the gap, the researchers made pioneer study on this filed. The present study investigates analysis of lexical and cohesive ties usage in undergraduate students' writing by applying task-based language learning methodology. The study was performed by thirty-five students from an advanced ESL Reading class at King Saud University, Arts College in Riyadh for 15 weeks. This study has been investigated by Four English passages including behavioral psychology, scientific and two general passages throughout the semester respectively. The analysis of the obtained data proved that the students' language abilities in grammar and vocabulary significantly improved especially in the discourse analysis passages. In addition, the results of the study evidenced that students are more engaged and motivated during group work activities, and learn more about structure, identifying, cause and effect, purpose and function and if clause of analyzing passages. Proficiency of grammatical category results concluded among the 35 students, average 60% of the students were prefect in tenses, passive structures, if clause, cause and effect, purpose and function, documented 37.14,57.14,54.28 and 77.14% respectively. Overall, the present study concludes with pedagogical implications that ESL teachers might consider a task in their ESL classrooms.

This study examined creativity, age and gender as predictors of academic achievement. Participants (N= 153, 105 = male & 48= female) completed creativity test. Cumulative grade point average (CGPA) was used to select the participants. A multiple regression analysis revealed creativity, age and gender explained 0.143 of the variance in academic achievement. The significance level was indicated by the F-value of 8.294. Multiple regression analysis showed interaction effects between creativity, age and gender as low predictors of academic achievement. The findings also show a lower correlation of CGPA and the independent variables of this study. No significant difference between CGPA and gender was observed. However implications of the findings to investigate in creativity, age and gender are discussed.

The purposes of this research were: 1) to compare pre-service science teachers’ learning achievement in
organic chemistry course before and after using learning management based on online homework. 2) to in vestigate
the correlation betweenthe average online homework scores and the average post-test scoresand the correlation
between the average online homework scores and the final course grade, and 3) to investigate the correlation
between the post-test scoreson the chapter about curved-arrow form alismdrawing to show electron movement for
basic organic reaction mechanisms and the consecutive chapters’ post-test scores. The samples of this research
were 50pre-service science teachers who enrolled in organic chemistry course in 2018 academic year at Suan
Sunandha Rajabhat University. These students were purposively selected. The research instruments consisted
of an organic chemistry achievement test and online homework of each chapter. The data were statistically
analyzedby means, standard deviation, t-test for dependent samples, normalized gain and Pearson correlation
coefficientsanalysis.
The results of this study revealed as follows: 1)the pre-service science teachers’ post-test scores in organic
chemistry course after using learning management based on online homework were significantly higher than
theirpre-test scores at the .01 level, 2) their average online homework scores were statistically significant and
positively correlated to the average post-test scores at .05 level (r = 0.733) and the average online homework
scores were statistically significant and positively correlated to final course grade at .05 level(r = 0.761), and 3)
the post-test scores on the chapter about curved-arrow formalism drawing to show electron movement for
basic organic reaction mechanisms were statistically significant and positively correlated to the consecutive
chapters’ post-test scores, ranging in value from 0.364to 0.649at .05 level.

Kişinin geometrik düşünme adına attığı ilk adım, etrafında gördüğü birbirinden farklı şekilleri tanımaya başlamasıyla attığıdır. Daha sonra öğrenim hayatı boyunca alacağı  geometri eğitimine paralel olarak bu alandaki düşünce
düzeyi de yükselmektedir. Bu yükselmedeki basamaklar, Pierre Van Hiele ve Dina Van Hiele‐Gedolf adlı iki Danimarkalı eğitimci tarafından beş farklı geometrik düşünme düzeyi olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Van Hiele
kuramında geometrik düşünmenin gelişimi, Piaget’in gelişme basamakları gibi sıralıdır. Bu kuramdan faydalanarak öğrencilerin geometrik düşünme yeteneklerinin geliştirilmesi için yapılacak etkinliklerin, uygun hiyerarşik sıralamaya göre yapılması sağlanabilmektedir. Bu araştırmayla matematik öğretmen adaylarının ve fen fakültesi matematik bölümü öğrencilerinin lisans eğitimi boyunca aldıkları geometri derslerinin onların geometrik düşünmelerine ne oranda etki ettiğini ortaya çıkarmak amaçlandı. Araştırma 82 birinci sınıf, 30 dördüncü sınıf ilköğretim matematik öğretmen adayı ve 57 birinci sınıf 45 dördüncü sınıf fen fakültesi matematik bölümü öğrencisi üzerinde nicel yöntem kullanılarak yapıldı. Veriler Van Hiele’nin testinin değerlendirme şekli ölçü alınarak analiz edildi. Bulgular birinci sınıf ile dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin kendi grupları içerisinde karşılaştırmalarından oluştu. Karşılaştırmalar geometri derslerinin öğrencilerin geometrik düşünme düzeylerine anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığını göstermektedir.

(The geometric thinking at a child starts with recognizing the different shapes around him. Later, the thinking level in the field increases through the geometry education the child receives in his whole life. The steps in this increment are categorized into five different geometric thinking levels by the two Danish educators, Pierre Van Hiele and Dina Van Hiele‐Gedolf. Similar to the Piaget’s development levels, the development of geometric thinking levels in Van Hiele theory follows an order. In this theory, the activities can be prepared in appropriate hierarchic order in order to develop students’ geometric thinking abilities. With this study, it was aimed in what ratio geometry courses pre‐service mathematics teachers and the mathematics students in school of science and literature took during their undergraduate program affect their geometric thinking levels. The data were collected through surveys from 82 first‐year and 30 fourth‐year pre‐service mathematics teachers; and 57 first‐year and 45 fourthyear mathematics students of the school of science and literature. The data were analyzed using the Van Hiele assessment criteria. The results were composed of the comparisons between the first and fourth year students’ geometric thinking levels within their own group. Comparisons indicate that undergraduate geometry courses did not significantly affect students’ geometric thinking levels.)

Topic: Ratio Analysis
Type: Essay
Subject: Accounting and Finance
Academic Level: Undergraduate
Style: APA
Language: English (U.S)
Number of pages: 3 (double spaced, Times New Roman, Font 12)
Number of sources: 3

Task details:
Using academic sources, choose a publicly traded firm, and use its data from within the past three (3) years to identify financial ratios, precisely; the profit margin, debt to asset ratio, price-earnings (PE) ratio, inventory turnover, current ratio, and the times interest earned. Analyze financial trends of that firm and evaluate whether it realize success throughout the next five (5) years, or whether there appear to be challenges that will inhibit its growth. Provide a rationale for your response. As a manager of the chosen firm, summarize the major steps towards improving the firm or to maintain its prevailing financial success. Give a rationale behind the success of your approach.

Determining the extent of difference between male and female supervised students' perception on relationship; commitments of Undergraduate Research Project South East geo political zones of Nigeria. Population of the study consisted of 1969 (375, from ATBU, 759 from BSU and 759 from ISU) final year students from Faculty of Education in each university. Proportionate Stratify random sampling was used to select 322 students. Supervised students project questionnaire (SSPQ) was developed, validated and used for data collection. Cronbach's Alpha of 0.88 was obtained as the stability coefficient of the items. Hypotheses were tested at α=0.05 level of significance. The data was analyzed using weighted mean while chi square test was used for the testing of the hypotheses. Some of the findings from the study shows that, there is significant (ѱ 2 = 44.541, df = 4, ρ<0.05) difference between male (Weighted mean score = 28.85) and female (Weighted mean score =30.4) supervised A students perception on the A

Water-pipe smoking is originated from Middle east including the sweet flavour of tobbaco with a pleasant fragrance inside. It is increasing day by day but people are less aware that waterpipe contains the hazardous substances as smoking does. It will cause serious health issue regarding our brain and respiratory system .It contains toxins, nicotine and all carcinogenic substances. This research discusses the different aspects why people are consuming waterpipe although it is harmful to our health and their awareness about the waterpipe smoking.This study also highlights the factors that attract undergraduate students for consuming waterpipe and also limitation and de limitation of our research. We will be providing useful information and facts about the waterpipe smoking and the ways to avoid it. This research will be helpful in finding out and resolving the Beliefs , attitudes and awareness of the water-pipe smokers. Different starategies should take to cope up addiction of water-pipes.

Although the International Law Association (ILA) was established in
1873, it only turned its attention to the internationally shared water
resources in 1954, when its half-century study of the applicable principles
and rules of international law thereon began. The first ILA committee
assigned to this task was the Rivers Committee, which, after a decade of
intensive study and through several resolutions and statements, arrived
unanimously at a set of articles reflecting customary international law,
known as the Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International
Rivers.
The Helsinki Rules, approved at the ILA 1966 Helsinki Conference, were
soon widely accepted across the Globe as a non-binding authoritative
source of international water law. This monograph traces the work of the
ILA leading to the Helsinki Rules, analyses the Rules, and identifies their
influence on and contribution to the evolution of international water law.

The youth and university relations in Turkey include some complex issues which contain a wide variety of problems in different contexts. The purpose of this paper is, firstly, to identify certain problematic parts in this respect, and then to make some applicable, concrete proposals for resolving them. In recent years, the number of universities in Turkey has increased considerably. This quantitative growth did not reduce the problems related to qualification, but, in contrast, increased them dramatically. The lack of teaching staff, the excess of student quotas and the lack of physical infra- structure in the universities are just some of the known issues in this regard. Mostly unconsciously made preferences about departments at universities, the intensive course curriculum during the study period in university, the disconnection from the daily life of this curriculum, the lack of professional knowledge transfer and the post-graduation employment problems are the main problems faced by university students in Turkey. Since junior high school period, creating career orientation guidance, updating the curriculum of courses in universities, giving importance to the practical courses, the re-formation of the duration of the undergraduate program, the redefinition of the fields of employment and increasing employment opportu- nities are the basic steps that can be taken to solve the problems in this regard.

When students enter into the college and university setting, they become part of a community. As they continue throughout their academic careers, students develop relationships with various stakeholders and undergo personal situations, which can either facilitate or hinder their level of engagement and involvement with the academic communities they are a part of. The university setting provides a platform where there are multiple stakeholders in a large, complex system, which inevitably, may also come with many conflicts. The literature shows that student engagement and involvement on campus has been linked to perceived positive experiences and feeling of connectedness to their alma mater, as well as the increased likelihood that alumni will be active with their campuses. This quantitative methods dissertation consolidates the fields of conflict analysis and resolution with the study of student affairs to prove that there are certain variables that significantly prevent and significantly facilitate student engagement and involvement levels on campus. The study was built on a theoretical platform developed, titled the Hypothetical Algebraic Formula for Student Engagement (HAFSE) and used multiple regression, stepwise regression and observance of bivariate scatterplots and trend lines to discover that feeling of connectedness to student service’s staff, the student body and academic advisors; number of hours dedicated to studies, number of children, and number of hours worked, of all variables observed, have the most influence on student engagement and involvement. These 6 variables held true, across all academic levels, in a national sample of 309 students enrolled in institutions across 46 states in the US. The findings of this study can help both theorists and practitioners of conflict analysis and resolution and in the field of student affairs to identify the complex needs and wants of students of the 21st century, for the purposes of enhancing students’ experiences in the campus setting.

Despite the increasing support for the use of e-portfolios, research on its utility is just beginning to emerge. In terms of the current study, 200 students were asked to create digital portfolios with Padlet, share their e-portfolios via their Virtual Learning Platform (VLE), and ask for peer and lecturer feedback every time they completed a written task. Using a diagnostic test and their final assignment, students had to write a reflective report at the beginning and the end of an academic term. They also interacted every week using a forum created by their lecturer to enhance collaboration and peer support. At the end of each interactive feedback session, they had to reflect on their work and the feedback they received and post their selfreflections on the forum. Findings indicated that students managed to improve their writing performance significantly and enhance their motivation towards writing and learning in general due to this innovative alternative assessment method. This was evident from their final reflective reports, their focus group discussions, and the anonymous feedback they provided through Mentimeter. Students reported that they enjoyed this interactive experience which was both engaging and rewarding. However, students expressed their wish for more support when using IT tools and e-portfolios and asked to be guided to develop their writing and reflective skills and engage even more with their e-portfolios.

Reasons for participation in sport differ and intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and even amotivation can influence the decision. In the South African context little research has been done on the differences of motivation among male and female students to participate in sport. This study sought to understand the relationship between certain motivation drivers and sport participation. It also explored the gender variable and whether there are differences between male and female athletes in terms of their motivation for participating in sport. A non-probability sample was used and 199 respondents participated. Results indicate that there was a negative correlation between amotivation and sport participation. Furthermore, it was found that there is a positive correlation between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. A last finding is that there are no significant differences between the gender groups and their motivation for sport participation. It is trusted that these finding will contribute to the subject area of sport and more specifically the relative similarity of gender motivations for participating in sport.

This study aimed to investigate the role of the backward design approach to improve undergraduate students' writing skills. A limited number of studies have been conducted on this issue internationally; however, this was the first study undertaken in the Pakistani context. The study employed a quantitative approach and quasi-experimental design. The data was collected through a quantitative pre and post questionnaire dispensed to 175 undergraduate students enrolled in the first year of the Bachelor of Studies program in a university in Pakistan. The findings offered a broad picture of the positive role of the intervention on undergraduate students writing skills. The difference proved that the backward design approach has a substantial effect on improving students' writing skills in this study.