Tetra

Moenkhausia rubra, new species, is described from the upper rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners, except M. hemigrammoides and M. nigromarginata, by the dark pigmentation on the anteriormost rays of both dorsal and anal fins. Moenkhausia rubra is distinguished from the aforementioned species by the number of branched anal-fin rays 17-20 (vs. 20-25), presence of a dark blotch on the caudal peduncle extending to middle caudal-fin rays, absence of longitudinal black zigzag stripes between longitudinal rows of scales on body, and other details of coloration.

Bu makalede, kamu güvenliği ve acil yardım görevlerine yönelik kullanılabilecek geleneksel ses ve dar bant veri hizmetleri sağlayan TETRA standardı ve türevlerinin Türkiye ihtiyaçlarına uygun olarak uygulanması ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca ileride geniş bant sistemlerin tedariğine yönelik olarak nasıl bir yol izlenmesi gerektiği ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Personal radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure, or exposimetry, is gaining importance in the bioelectromagnetics community but only limited data on personal exposure is available in indoor areas, namely schools, crèches, homes, and offices. Most studies are focused on adult exposure, whereas indoor microenvironments, where children are exposed, are usually not considered. A method to assess spatial and temporal indoor exposure of children and adults is proposed without involving the subjects themselves. Moreover, maximal possible daily exposure is estimated by combining instantaneous spatial and temporal exposure. In Belgium and Greece, the exposure is measured at 153 positions spread over 55 indoor microenvironments with spectral equipment. In addition, personal exposimeters (measuring EMFs of people during their daily activities) captured the temporal exposure variations during several days up to one week at 98 positions. The data were analyzed using the robust regression on order statistics (ROS) method to account for data below the detection limit. All instantaneous and maximal exposures satisfied international exposure limits and were of the same order of magnitude in Greece and Belgium. Mobile telecommunications and radio broadcasting (FM) were most present. In Belgium, digital cordless phone (DECT) exposure was present for at least 75% in the indoor microenvironments except for schools. Temporal variations of the exposure were mainly due to variations of mobile telecommunication signals. The exposure was higher during daytime than at night due to the increased voice and data traffic on the networks. Total exposure varied the most in Belgian crèches (39.3%) and Greek homes (58.2%).

Video transmission over Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) mobile channel employing MPEG-4 visual coding standard is proposed in this paper. Detail parameters of the proposed systems are discussed in this paper. Performance of the proposed systems was evaluated in Average Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (APSNR) versus Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER). In particular, the video quality that can be achieved at different channel conditions and employing different combinations of MPEG-4 visual error resilient tools is presented in this paper. Results obtained show that higher video bitrate does not necessarily lead to higher video quality at the receiver as the received video quality depends on the bit error pattern or the number of error free video packets.

Moenkhausia rubra, new species, is described from the upper rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners, except M. hemigrammoides and M. nigromarginata, by the dark pigmentation on the anteriormost rays of both dorsal and anal fins. Moenkhausia rubra is distinguished from the aforementioned species by the number of branched anal-fin rays 17-20 (vs. 20-25), presence of a dark blotch on the caudal peduncle extending to middle caudal-fin rays, absence of longitudinal black zigzag stripes between longitudinal rows of scales on body, and other details of coloration. Moenkhausia rubra, espécie nova, é descrita do alto rio Juruena, bacia do rio Tapajós, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A espécie nova diferencia-se de todos os congêneres, exceto M. hemigrammoides e M. nigromarginata, pela presença de pigmentação escura nos raios mais anteriores das nadadeiras dorsal e anal. Moenkhausia rubra distingui-se das espécies acima mencionadas pelo número de raios ramificados na nadadeira anal 17-20 (vs. 20-25), presença de uma mancha escura no pedúnculo caudal se estendendo até os raios medianos da nadadeira caudal, ausência de faixas em zigue-zague longitudinais entre as séries longitudinais de escamas no corpo, além de outros detalhes de coloração.

Current radio frequency radiation exposure guidelines rest on well-established thermal effects. However, recent research into analogue and digital transmission fields at levels covered by the exposure guidelines has indicated possible detrimental effects on human cognitive performance. To investigate this, we conducted a controlled climate chamber study of possible changes in cognitive performance in healthy volunteers exposed to transmission signals from TETRA hand portables (TETRA handsets). The trial deployed a balanced, randomized, double-blinded cross-over design. Performance on different paper-and-pencil, auditory and computer-based cognitive tasks was monitored in 53 male volunteers (mean age 36.41 years, SD 8.35) during 45-min exposure to a TETRA handset and sham control signals remotely controlled from a laboratory more than 100 km away. The main cognitive outcome was the Trail Making B (TMB) test. In addition, the participants completed a computer-based questionnaire measuring self-reported psychological and physical symptoms. No statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the TETRA and sham conditions were found for either TMB (estimated difference 3.8%, confidence interval (CI) À1.6% to 9.2%) or any of the remaining cognitive tasks or symptoms. In conclusion, we found no evidence that brief exposure to hand-held TETRA transmitters' affects human cognitive function or subjective symptoms.

A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Telembí River drainage, Southern Pacific slope of Colombia. The genus Hyphessobrycon is included within the subfamily Tetragonopterinae. The species are generally small, do not exceed 70mm of standard length, are economically important as ornamental fish, with 128 valid species distributed from Southern Mexico to Rio La Plata in Argentina. The collections of fish were made with seines, in a single biotope, along shore in backwaters and working downstream. Measurements of the specimens were taken point to point with digital calipers. Observations of bone and cartilage structures were made on cleared and stained (C&S) specimens. The morphometric relationships between species were explored using a principal component analysis (PCA)using 21 variables. We described a new species, Hyphessobrycon chocoensis, from the Telembí River drainage of the Pacific versant of Colombia. The new species, Hyphessobrycon chocoensis, is distinguished from congeners not of the "flammeus" species group by: having a diffuse humeral spot, in lacking a dark spot on the dorsal fin and caudal peduncle. It is distinguished from members its species group by the number of rays in the dorsal fin (ii, 8, i), by the number of branched anal-fin rays (25-26) and by having a diffuse humeral spot. It differs from H. tortuguerae in the number of teeth on the maxilla (1-2), by the number of predorsal scales and the high number of scales between the lateral line and the anal fin (6-7). Hyphessobrycon chocoensis can be distinguished from the other known species of Hyphessobrycon from the Pacific Coast of Colombia in having: a high number of pored lateral-line scales, by the snout to dorsal-fin length, by caudal-peduncle depth and by eye diameter. In addition, it differs from H. columbianus by the distance from the dorsal fin to the anal fin, by the length of the upper jaw, and by snout length. It differs from H. condotensis in having a high number of scales between the lateral line and the dorsal fin, and by the number of simple rays in the anal fin. H. chocoensis is distinguished from H. sebastiani by the number of transverse scales and the number of scales between the lateral line and the dorsal fin. A taxonomic key is provided to aid with the identification of the species of Hyphessobrycon from the Pacific Coast of Colombia. Rev. Biol. Trop. 61 (1): 181-192. Epub 2013 March 01.

In this paper results are presented from an explorative study with the aim to describe and understand telecommunication standards and standardization processes. The cases of SDH, TETRA and DECT are used to illustrate these findings. The management of architectures (MOA) concept introduced, consists of a strategic approach towards standardization and intends to improve management of innovation at the level of the firm.

Miniaturization and portability of new electronics lead up to wearable devices embedded within garments: a European program called ProeTEX developed multipurpose sensors integrated within emergency operators' garments in order to monitor their health state and the surrounding environment. This work deals with the development of an autonomous Long Range communication System (LRS), suitable to transmit data between operators' equipment and the local command post, where remote monitoring software is set up. The LRS infrastructure is based on Wi-Fi protocol and modular architecture. Field tests carried out on the developed prototype showed a high reliability in terms of correctly exchanged data and recovering capabilities in case of temporary disconnection, due to the operator's movements.

This paper presents a comparative analysis between the Hata model for mobile communications, with measurements for a 400MHz, made in a specific place in Mexico City. As the model was developed in Tokio, we pretend to analyze its applicability to a city with different building structure. The analysis try to define a relationship between the model predictions and measurements realized in a city with buildings having heavy stone walls, heights over 15 m and narrow streets. A city with these characteristics is quite different to those Japanese cities where the model was established by Okumura and modified by Hata. Results are presented as graphs of received power vs. distance, showing the difference between Hata model and average of measurements.

Current radio frequency radiation exposure guidelines rest on well-established thermal effects. However, recent research into analogue and digital transmission fields at levels covered by the exposure guidelines has indicated possible detrimental effects on human cognitive performance. To investigate this, we conducted a controlled climate chamber study of possible changes in cognitive performance in healthy volunteers exposed to transmission signals from TETRA hand portables (TETRA handsets). The trial deployed a balanced, randomized, double-blinded cross-over design. Performance on different paper-and-pencil, auditory and computer-based cognitive tasks was monitored in 53 male volunteers (mean age 36.41 years, SD 8.35) during 45-min exposure to a TETRA handset and sham control signals remotely controlled from a laboratory more than 100 km away. The main cognitive outcome was the Trail Making B (TMB) test. In addition, the participants completed a computer-based questionnaire measuring self-reported psychological and physical symptoms. No statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the TETRA and sham conditions were found for either TMB (estimated difference 3.8%, confidence interval (CI) À1.6% to 9.2%) or any of the remaining cognitive tasks or symptoms. In conclusion, we found no evidence that brief exposure to hand-held TETRA transmitters' affects human cognitive function or subjective symptoms.