Test-Driven Development

Present business world competition between the companies is increasing a lot with respect to quality, services and trust worthiness. Test driven development approach is one of the key factors for quality delivery of products. Test driven approach is one of amongst best practices in software from past decades. One of the most time consuming and costly processes of the Software Development Life Cycle has been the maintenance of production code. As of 2000, the overall maintenance costs have been more than 90%. To overcome this challenge many tools, frameworks and software paradigms have risen. On the forefront of this effort is writing unit test cases by the developers under the banner of Test Driven Development. This practice tackles the problem in the development phase. This work discus on TDD an issue that tackles to reduced cost and defect.

This research is to investigate the pros and cons of TDD and to compare and analyze what Icelandic developers experienced when using TDD and when not using TDD. Empirical studies about TDD were found and their results were analyzed with the aim to discover what the advantages and disadvantages of TDD are.

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is a software development approach where test cases are written before actual development of the code in iterative cycles. Context: TDD has gained attention of many software practitioners during the last decade since it has contributed several benefits to the software development process. However, empirical evidence of its dominance in terms of internal code quality, external code quality and productivity is fairly limited. Objective: The aim behind conducting this controlled experiment with professional Java developers is to see the impact of Test-Driven Development (TDD) on internal code quality, external code quality and productivity compared to Test-Last Development (TLD). Results: Experiment results indicate that values found related to number of acceptance test cases passed, McCabe's Cyclomatic complexity, branch coverage, number of lines of code per person hours, number of user stories implemented per person hours are statistically insignificant. However, static code analysis results were found statistically significant in the favor of TDD. Moreover, the results of the survey revealed that the majority of developers in the experiment prefer TLD over TDD, given the lesser required level of learning curve as well as the minimum effort needed to understand and employ TLD compared to TDD.

— Optimizing processes in software development are becoming increasingly more popular. For that reason, the consuming market demands more efficiency and quality. To achieve that, some methodologies are adopted in order to ensure that real value will be delivered to the customer. This paper relates a series of good practices based on team management features described in Scrum, and the development and source code testing covered in the TDD methodology. By specifying a framework structure with such features, this work allows software factories use a lean model, facing the reality of their projects in several aspects (e.g., team management, code development and testing).

Grading software projects submitted by students can become a heavy and time-consuming task, which for many students, can result in delayed feedback provided to them. Additionally, one would like to allow students to evaluate themselves early their projects before submitting the final version for grading. This paper presents a solution that improves the grading process of student projects not only for lecturers, but also for students. In our approach, we adopt a test-driven development methodology to provide a clear benchmark of the course project implementation. Our approach allows students to self-evaluate their progress at any moment, while lecturers can use it to automate the grading process. GitHub Classroom is used as a supporting tool to allow students to retrieve and implement their projects from the same initial skeleton project including the tests, and lecturers to retrieve the student projects and evaluate them automatically. The results show that test-driven development is a viable solution to be applied in an academic environment to improve the grading process. This study also shows that courses in Information Technology area could use our approach to increase learning and teaching efficiency.

ABSTRACT: Software agents are the basic building blocks in many software systems especially those based on artificial intelligence methods, e.g., reinforcement learning based multi-agent systems (MASs). However, testing software agents is considered a challenging problem. This is due to the special characteristics of agents which include its autonomy, distributed nature, intelligence, and heterogeneous communication protocols. Following the test-driven development (TDD) paradigm, we present a framework that allows MAS developers to write test scenarios that test each agent individually. The framework relies on the concepts of building mock agents and testing common agent interaction design patterns. We analyze the most common agent interaction patterns including pair and mediation patterns in order to provide stereotype implementation for their corresponding test cases. These implementations serve as test building blocks and are provided as a set of ready-for-reuse components in our repository. This way, the developer can concentrate on testing the business logic itself and spare him/her the burden of implementing tests for the underlying agent interaction patterns. Our framework is based on standard components such as the JADE agent platform, the JUnit framework, and the eclipse plug-in architecture. In this paper, we present in details the design and function of the framework. We demonstrate how we can use the proposed framework to define more stereotypes in the code repository and provide a detailed analysis of the code coverage for our designed stereotype test code implementations.

With the developing complexity of today's software program applications injunction with the increasing competitive pressure has driven the excellent assurance of developed software towards new heights. software program trying out is an inevitable part of the software program development Lifecycle and retaining in keeping with its criticality in the pre and submit development process makes it something that have to be catered with stronger and green methodologies and strategies. This paper objectives to speak about the prevailing in addition to advanced trying out techniques for the betterquality warranty functions.

Before implementing Rspec you should know what is the actual meaning of Rspec? R stands for „Ruby‟ and the meaning of „Spec‟ is Specification. RSpec is nothing but a unit test framework used in Ruby on Rails web application framework. RSpec is 'Domain Specific Language' (DSL) testing tool. You should write Rspec in Ruby language to test your Ruby code.

Resumen Test Driven Development (Desarrollo Dirigido por Pruebas) es una disciplina de diseño y programación, donde cada nueva línea de código que escribe un programador es en respuesta a una prueba que ha fallado, también escrita por el programador. Sin ser definida como una metodología de pruebas se apoya fuertemente en las pruebas unitarias y también en pruebas de aceptación, basándose en prácticas formalizadas por Extreme Programming. Ha despertado gran interés tanto en ámbitos académicos como de la industria, encontrándose en la literatura investigaciones sobre su aplicación, aunque aún en limitado número, ya sea mediante experimentos controlados o reportes acerca de su práctica en la industria. En el presente artículo se abordará Test Driven Development en general, el dominio de su aplicación y se analizarán ventajas y desventajas de su adopción.

More than 50% of software development effort is spent in testing phase in a typical software development project. Test case design as well as execution consume a lot of time. Hence, automated generation of test cases is highly required. Here a novel testing methodology is being presented to test object-oriented software based on UML state chart diagrams. In this approach, function minimization technique is being applied and generate test cases automatically from UML state chart diagrams. Software testing forms an integral part of the software development life cycle. Since the objective of testing is to ensure the conformity of an application to its specification, a test "oracle" is needed to determine whether a given test case exposes a fault or not. An automated oracle to support the activities of human testers can reduce the actual cost of the testing process and the related maintenance costs. In this paper, a new concept is being presented using an UML state chart diagram and tables for the test case generation, artificial neural network as an optimization tool for reducing the redundancy in the test case generated using the genetic algorithm. A neural network is trained by the back-propagation algorithm on a set of test cases applied to the original version of the system.

The outline which follows analyses the two halves of a language teacher’s profession:

a) The first half is daily classroom practice : what is taught and how is it evaluated?

b) The second half of a teacher’s profession is to know or at least estimate what is going on in the brains of her students : what is learned and how is it learned?

Teaching is a simulation machine. Learning is for life. The implicit professional challenge is in making the simulation useful for living.

Useat tieteelliset tutkimukset sekä käytännön projektit aina 60-luvulta lähtien ovat osoittaneet, että perinteiset lineaariset prosessimallit, kuten vesiputousmalli eivät useinkaan vastaa todellisiin ohjelmistokehityksen haasteisiin. Niiden dokumenttilähtöisyys ja “kerralla oikein” -mentaliteetti rajoittaa ohjelmiston muuntautumiskykyä, joka on välttämätön jatkuvasti muuttuvassa reaalimaailmassa. Tilalle on ehdotettu iteratiivisiin malleihin perustuvia ns. ketteriä malleja, joissa dokumentoinnin ja etukäteissuunnittelun määrää vähennetään, asiakkaalta saadun palautteen merkitystä painotetaan ja ohjelmistoa kehitetään lyhyissä iteraatioissa. Yhtenä näihin malleihin liittyvänä periaatteena on testauslähtöisyys, jossa testit kirjoitetaan jo ennen kuin testattavaa koodia on olemassa. Näissä malleissa testeillä ohjataan myös suunnittelua ja varmistetaan ohjelmiston korkeamman tason vaatimusten oikeellisuutta.

Testeistä puhuttaessa tulisi kuitenkin kiinnittää huomiota myös siihen, kuinka hyvin testit löytävät ohjelmakoodin virheitä suhteessa testien suunnitteluun, toteutukseen ja suoritukseen vaadittuihin resursseihin. Koska testauslähtöisessä ohjelmistokehityksessä testeillä on suuri vastuu ohjelmiston laadun valvonnassa, myös testien tehokkuuteen tulisi kiinnittää yhä enemmän huomiota. Testausta on kuitenkin perinteisesti pidetty toisarvoisena, paljon aikaa vievänä työvaiheena, josta ollaan herkästi valmiita luopumaan aikataulupaineiden tai resurssipulan vuoksi. Yksi tärkeimmistä seikoista testauksen tehokkuuden ja testien laadun kehittämisessä on organisaatiokulttuurin kehittäminen kohti “testausystävällisempiä” asenteita.

Testauksen tehokkuutta voidaan myös parantaa automatisoimalla joitakin testauksen työvaiheita kuten rasitustestausta, testitapausten generointia tai kattavuusmittausta. Kustannustehokas automatisointi on kuitenkin haastava tehtävä, sillä siihen liittyy lukuisia kustannustehokkuuteen vaikuttavia parametreja. Yhtenä käytännön esimerkeistä on esitelty Helsingin Yliopiston portaalihanke. Projektin regressiotestauksen automatisointipyrkimyksissä huomattiin, että vaikka testitapausten joukon jatkuva kasvu ja sen osajoukon säännöllinen toistuvuus testauksessa nostaisi automatisoinnin kannattavuutta, tekniset ongelmat käyttöliittymärajapinnassa estivät testitapausten automatisoinnin. Siksi regressiotestaus päätettiin pitää manuaalisesti suoritettavana.

Testaustehokkuus liittyy testauslähtöiseen ohjelmistokehitykseen monella tapaa. Vaikka ennen tuotantokoodin kirjoitusta kirjoitettujen testien (tai esimerkkitapausten) tehokkuutta ei yleensä valvota, laadukkaan tuotantokoodin saavuttamiseksi testitapauksia joutuu täydentämään tuotantokoodin ollessa valmista, jolloin testaustehokkuuden valvonta, kuten kattavuusmittaus, tulevat tarpeeseen. Lisäksi testauksen automatisointi kuuluu kiinteästi testauslähtöiseen ohjelmistokehitykseen muun muuassa yksikkötestaus- ja regressiotestausvaiheissa.

Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena on ollut esitellä testauslähtöisyyden historiallisia taustoja sekä kertoa niistä pääperiaatteista, jotka kuuluvat testauslähtöisyyteen. Tämän lisäksi pääaiheina käsiteltiin testauksen tehostamista ja automatisointia sekä nykyisiä testaukseen liittyviä organisaatiokulttuurin haasteita. Testauksen haasteista kerrottiin myös Helsingin Yliopiston portaalihankkeen näkökulmasta.

Kyseinen työ toimii testauslähtöisen ohjelmistokehityksen sekä testauksen tehostamisen ja automatisoinnin yleisesittelynä, jossa on pyritty ottamaan huomioon myös taloudellinen näkökulma. Käsiteltyjen asioiden haasteet on esitetty varsin abstraktilla tasolla, ja käytännönläheisempi analyysi testauslähtöisten menetelmien sekä testauksen automatisoinnin kustannustehokkuudesta sekä esitettyjen haasteiden ratkaisuista voisi olla jatkotutkimuksen aiheena.