Sneakers and Sports Shoe Deisgn

Background: Footwear provides stability and support for the foot and the type of footwear has a significant impact on balance and gait. Research has shown that high heels alter postural stability and mobility. There is limited research on type of footwear and its impact on individuals balance and gait in young healthy adults. Objective: To compare the effects of sports shoes versus high heels on balance and gait among young healthy individuals. Material and Methods: A baseline questionnaire was given to young female healthcare students to find out the use of high heels and the regular users of high heels were only recruited for this study. Total of 30 students participated in the study, and their balance and gait were measured and compared using FRT, mCTSIB and 6 MWT between the use of high heels and sports shoes. Results: Results showed better balance and gait parameters while using sport shoes when compared to the use of high heels. Differences were noted in the functional reach task (FRT) and 6-minute walk test (MWT) but there was no difference in the mCTSIB scores. Comparison of regular to occasional high heel

Background: Footwear provides stability and support for the foot and the type of footwear has a significant impact on balance and gait. Research has shown that high heels alter postural stability and mobility. There is limited research on type of footwear and its impact on individuals balance and gait in young healthy adults. Objective: To compare the effects of sports shoes versus high heels on balance and gait among young healthy individuals. Material and Methods: A baseline questionnaire was given to young female healthcare students to find out the use of high heels and the regular users of high heels were only recruited for this study. Total of 30 students participated in the study, and their balance and gait were measured and compared using FRT, mCTSIB and 6 MWT between the use of high heels and sports shoes. Results: Results showed better balance and gait parameters while using sport shoes when compared to the use of high heels. Differences were noted in the functional reach task (FRT) and 6-minute walk test (MWT) but there was no difference in the mCTSIB scores. Comparison of regular to occasional high heel

Executing coordinated movements requires that motor and sensory systems cooperate to achieve a motor goal. Impairment of either system may lead to unstable and/or inaccurate movements. In rehabilitation training, however, most approaches have focused on the motor aspects of the control loop. We are examining mechanisms that may enhance the sensory system to improve motor control. More precisely, the effects of stochastic subliminal vibratory tactile stimulation on wrist proprioception. We developed a device - based on a novel soft pneumatic actuator skin technology - to stimulate multiple sites simultaneously and independently. This device applies vibratory stimulation (amplitude < 0.50 mm, bandwidth 20-120 Hz) to the skin overlaying the tendons of a joint to target the receptors in charge of position and movement encoding. It achieves high spatial resolution (< 1 mm(2)), uses a soft and flexible interface, and has the potential to be used in combination with additional rehabi...

A psychophysical study was conducted to determine the ideal and acceptable foot-shoe allowances for widths and girths using an in-shoe simulator. Participants wore the in-shoe simulator product, walked, and rated the various regions of the foot. The ratings together with the foot scans were used to determine the ideal fit. The results of the signal detection analysis indicate that participants liked the perceived footwear tightness in 75% or more cases where foot-shoe allowance was less than 6.4 mm, 12.1 mm and 10.7 mm at the foot breadth, ball girth and waist girth respectively. The proposed tolerances could be useful for designing shoe lasts.

Background: Footwear provides stability and support for the foot and the type of footwear has a significant impact on balance and gait. Research has shown that high heels alter postural stability and mobility. There is limited research on type of footwear and its impact on individuals balance and gait in young healthy adults. Objective: To compare the effects of sports shoes versus high heels on balance and gait among young healthy individuals. Material and Methods: A baseline questionnaire was given to young female healthcare students to find out the use of high heels and the regular users of high heels were only recruited for this study. Total of 30 students participated in the study, and their balance and gait were measured and compared using FRT, mCTSIB and 6 MWT between the use of high heels and sports shoes. Results: Results showed better balance and gait parameters while using sport shoes when compared to the use of high heels. Differences were noted in the functional reach task (FRT) and 6-minute walk test (MWT) but there was no difference in the mCTSIB scores. Comparison of regular to occasional high heel

Background: Footwear provides stability and support for the foot and the type of footwear has a significant impact on balance and gait. Research has shown that high heels alter postural stability and mobility. There is limited research on type of footwear and its impact on individuals balance and gait in young healthy adults. Objective: To compare the effects of sports shoes versus high heels on balance and gait among young healthy individuals. Material and Methods: A baseline questionnaire was given to young female healthcare students to find out the use of high heels and the regular users of high heels were only recruited for this study. Total of 30 students participated in the study, and their balance and gait were measured and compared using FRT, mCTSIB and 6 MWT between the use of high heels and sports shoes. Results: Results showed better balance and gait parameters while using sport shoes when compared to the use of high heels. Differences were noted in the functional reach task (FRT) and 6-minute walk test (MWT) but there was no difference in the mCTSIB scores. Comparison of regular to occasional high heel

Background There is evidence of an improvement in sportive performance in the athletes after completing a wobble board training program. The aim of this study was to determine whether a six-week wobble board training increased the awareness of joint position sense on ankle joint proprioception in male taekwondo athletes. Material/Methods: Eighteen male taekwondo athletes took part in this study. Participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. For experimental group (n=10) the average age, height, weight and experience time of the subjects were 19.50±2.07 years, 175.80±7.27 cm, 64.80±4.71 kg and 6.30±1.49 years, respectively. For control group (n=8) it was 19.88±2.30 years, 173.75±5.06 cm, 67.50±5.55 kg and 7.13±2.56 years, respectively. Experimental group took wobble board was training three times a week for the period of six weeks. To assess ankle joint position sense (JPS), passive angle reproduction test was performed by the Biodex System 3 Dynamometer (B...

A psychophysical study was conducted to determine the ideal and acceptable foot-shoe allowances for widths and girths using an in-shoe simulator. Participants wore the in-shoe simulator product, walked, and rated the various regions of the foot. The ratings together with the foot scans were used to determine the ideal fit. The results of the signal detection analysis indicate that participants liked the perceived footwear tightness in 75% or more cases where foot-shoe allowance was less than 6.4 mm, 12.1 mm and 10.7 mm at the foot breadth, ball girth and waist girth respectively. The proposed tolerances could be useful for designing shoe lasts.

Introduction: Balance is one of the main concerns in the elderly population since there is a decline in the somatosensory system functions which may lead to a high probability of falling [1]. The risk of falling is one of the main problems S138 ABSTRACTS

Introduction: Balance is one of the main concerns in the elderly population since there is a decline in the somatosensory system functions which may lead to a high probability of falling [1]. The risk of falling is one of the main problems S138 ABSTRACTS

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with sensorimotor defi cits, which may aff ect dynamic complexity by constraining the postural control system. Stochastic resonance stimulation (SRS) may restore sensory function and promote healthy postural control dynamics. This study used Sample entropy (SampEn) during quiet single-and double-leg stance to examine the impact of CAI on center of pressure velocity (COPV) dynamics and the eff ects of SRS on COPV dynamics in individuals with CAI. Group diff erences in baseline SampEn were observed in double-leg resultant COPV, single-leg mediolateral COPV, and single-leg resultant COPV (P Ͻ .05). For single-leg mediolateral and resultant COPV, SampEn in the CAI group with SRS was not diff erent than SampEn in the control group without SRS (P Ͼ .05). These fi ndings suggest that CAI is associated with changes in behavioral complexity and that SRS may restore complex COPV dynamics in individuals with CAI.

A psychophysical study was conducted to determine the ideal and acceptable foot-shoe allowances for widths and girths using an in-shoe simulator. Participants wore the in-shoe simulator product, walked, and rated the various regions of the foot. The ratings together with the foot scans were used to determine the ideal fit. The results of the signal detection analysis indicate that participants liked the perceived footwear tightness in 75% or more cases where foot-shoe allowance was less than 6.4 mm, 12.1 mm and 10.7 mm at the foot breadth, ball girth and waist girth respectively. The proposed tolerances could be useful for designing shoe lasts.

We report a case report of a 5years old girl who presented with progressive enlarged and fusion of the second and third toes of the right foot since birth which impairs shoe wear. After a clinical history and examination and radiological evaluation, the diagnosis of right foot macrodactyly was established. Following surgical excision of the macrodactyly patient showed good clinical outcome after 1year of follow-up. Numerous treatment options have been suggested without consensus, specific treatment is individualized. The primary goal for treatment is a pain-free and functional foot that can accommodate normal shoes.

Most of the abnormalities and deformations of the adult population feet are caused by improper or unsuitable shoes. That is, the main cause of this phenomenon is irrational shoe lasts, which often occur in the mass shoes production. The correct ergonomic shape of the last begins with the rational shape of the contour of the bottom surface. But today there is no scientifically based universal methodology for designing the contour of the last bottom surface for different types of shoes. The framework of the bottom surface is the foot measurements related by geometric constructions and mathematical correlations. The proposed method of the last bottom template (insole) design is based on the foot anthropometric measurements and geometric parameters which depends on the type and purpose of the shoes

Designers rely heavily on the past sales history of a particular shoe when
attempting to make decisions regarding shoe characteristics of future shoes. Cushioning devices made of air, "super" gases, energy return rubber, and gel's have become popular.
However, the question that needs to be asked is whether these devices are truly functional or whether they are primarily of aesthetic value. Shoe qualities such as cushioning, comfort, stability, shock absorption, and energy return play an important role during athletic activity. It is also known that the above mentioned characteristics have significant
interactions with each other. Hence it is important to know the relevance of these interactions when designing shoes for a particular activity. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the interaction and relevance of shoe properties during running and walking. Four specially fabricated shoes were used in the study. The results indicate the
following:

Heel cushioning and shock absorption play an important role in the overall cushioning of a midsole.
Runners perceive shoe-heel cushioning somewhat differently from those who use shoes for walking.
Heel cushioning during running seems to be influenced by shock absorption, stability and possibly rebound.
Heel cushioning during walking seems to be influenced by shock absorption and possibly rebound. Hence a good running shoe can in most cases satisfy the biomechanical needs during walking.

A psychophysical study was conducted to determine the ideal and acceptable foot-shoe allowances for widths and girths using an in-shoe simulator. Participants wore the in-shoe simulator product, walked, and rated the various regions of the foot. The ratings together with the foot scans were used to determine the ideal fit. The results of the signal detection analysis indicate that participants liked the perceived footwear tightness in 75% or more cases where foot-shoe allowance was less than 6.4 mm, 12.1 mm and 10.7 mm at the foot breadth, ball girth and waist girth respectively. The proposed tolerances could be useful for designing shoe lasts.

Kulinicheva E.A. Olympians and space race: aesthetics of space and space technologies in equipment for sports.

Статья посвящена анализу «точек пересечения» двух областей человеческой деятельности – космоса и спорта (в первую очередь так называемого большого спорта) в конкретном поле спортивного дизайна, а именно – дизайна экипировки и унифор-мы для спорта высших достижений. Этот сюжет также рассматривается как часть более широкого контекста, а именно: как мате-риальная культура космоса/освоения космоса связана с материальной культурой повседневной земной жизни? Основой для исследования послужили несколько кейсов из области спорта высших достижений и работы компаний, известных своей экспер-тизой в производстве высокотехнологичной спортивной экипировки. В рамках статьи рассматриваются два основных сюжета: обмен технологиями и экспертизой и то, что можно определить как «миграцию образов» в поле эстетического. Насколько из-вестно автору, в отечественной академической традиции ранее подобные попытки не предпринимались. Сама тема спортивного дизайна в сравнении с другими также остается относительно мало разработанной в социально-гуманитарных исследованиях. Обращение к данной теме может внести вклад в такие направления исследований, как материальная культура большого спорта, материальная культура повседневности, а также мировоззренческие и историко-культурные аспекты освоения космоса. Как итог в статье предлагается констатировать, что с рассматриваемых позиций «космос» в сфере спортивного дизайна может фигурировать не только как область, ассоциирующаяся с передовым краем науки и наиболее эффективными прорывны-ми разработками, способными обеспечить невиданные ранее спортивные результаты, но и в более неожиданном качестве – например, как источник представлений о прошлом. Ключевые слова: история спорта, материальная культура, материальная культура спорта, fashion studies, спорт, космос, спортивная экипировка, история дизайна, спортивная мода. ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1624-7783

This article is devoted to the analysis of the "cross points" of two human activities-space and sports (first of all, the so called big-time sport) in the definite sphere of sports design, namely the design of outfit and uniform for the highest sports achievements. Thissubject is also considered as a part of the more profound context involving the problem of causation between material culture of space/exploration of space and material culture of people's everyday life. Several cases from the sports of highest achievements and from the work of companies known for their expert examination of high-tech sports outfit production have become the basis of our studies. Within the framework of the articleit has been considered two main subjects: the exchange of technologies and expertise and the fact which could be defined as the "migration of images" in the field of aesthetic. As far as the author knows such attempts were not made in the Russian academic tradition. The subject of sports design itself in comparison with the other problems has been relatively undeveloped in the works of social research. Turning to this problem may contribute to such areas of studies as material culture of big-time sport, material culture of daily routine as well as world outlook and history-cultural aspects of space exploration. As a result it is proposed to make a conclusionthat from the positions under consideration " space " in the field of sports design may figure both as the sphere associated with the front border of science and the most progressive development providing the best sports results, and as the resource of the ideas about the past.

Статья опубликована: Вестник Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета. Культура, история, философия, право. 2018. № 2.
http://vestnik.pstu.ru/kult/archives/?id=&folder_id=7499

La sneaker nata dalla collaborazione tra il colosso tedesco degli accessori sportivi e l’organizzazione ambientalista Parley for the
Oceans è il primo di una serie di articoli che Adidas è in grado di produrre impiegando la Parley Ocean Plastic®
Co-developed by the German sports giant and the advocacy group Parley for the Oceans, this sneaker is the first of a series
of products manufactured by Adidas to use Parley Ocean Plastic®

OBJECTIVE: To outline rehabilitation concepts that are applicable to acute and chronic injury of the ankle, to provide evidence for current techniques used in the rehabilitation of the ankle, and to describe a functional rehabilitation program that progresses from basic to advanced, while taking into consideration empirical data from the literature and clinical practice. BACKGROUND: Important considerations in the rehabilitation of ankle injuries include controlling the acute inflammatory process, regaining full ankle range of motion, increasing muscle strength and power, and improving proprioceptive abilities. These goals can be achieved through various modalities, flexibility exercises, and progressive strength- and balance-training exercises. In this article, we discuss the deleterious effects of ankle injury on ankle-joint proprioception and muscular strength and how these variables can be quantifiably measured to follow progress through a rehabilitation program. Evidence to sup...

A literature review examining conventional proprioceptive interventions (i.e. unstable surface training) and novel proprioceptive interventions (i.e. tactile and vibratory stimulation) of the ankle and foot on measures of proprioception (i.e. joint position sense, joint movement perception threshold) and balance/postural sway (i.e. center-of-pressure) in young healthy adults and those with FAI or acute ankle injury. Directives for ankle/foot rehabilitation protocols and propositions for future research are included.

During the 1960s, adidas was the world's leading sports footwear manufacturer. Based in Bavaria and with a history stretching to the 1920s, the company dominated elite sports through aggressive promotion and innovative shoes that catered to athletes' needs. The ‘Superstar’ is one of the company's most successful models, still in production over 40 years since its launch in the late 1960s. Designed to wrest control of the basketball market from American rubber companies, in the two decades that followed it developed cultural meanings far beyond those envisaged by adidas, becoming associated with hip hop, a youth music and subculture born in 1970s New York. Arguing that design is shaped by use and consumption is allied to practice, this article examines the processes by which the ‘Superstar’ came into being, placing it into a wider context of changes within basketball, corporate ambition, and international trade. Tracing the actions and influence of young consumers in New York, it also considers how new ways of thinking about the shoe arose, spread, and were eventually commodified by adidas. It argues that a product's meaning can never be fixed, that producers and consumers are engaged in a constant dialogue over how things are used and perceived.

The trainer is one of the most ubiquitous forms of contemporary footwear. Casual sports shoes are worn by millions of people around the world for a range of athletic pursuits, as fashionable status symbols, and as comfortable everyday wear. Available in an array of shapes, colours, materials, and styles, they traverse sport, mundane practicality, and high fashion.

Much of the existing scholarship on sports shoes has focussed on questions of design, branding, marketing, and manufacturing practices. Authors have sought primarily to understand the role and significance of the sports shoe in contemporary culture or have used it as a representative product to investigate global capitalism. This paper moves beyond these approaches to explore the origins of the modern training shoe in the years after the Second World War. Taking a historical approach and focussing on adidas and Puma, it uses a variety of sources to examine the factors that influenced sports shoe design and manufacturing in the postwar period. It places the sports shoe into a wider context of social, cultural, political, and technological change, and argues that changes to footwear were linked to rising levels of wealth and leisure, government 'sport for all' policies, the increasing significance of sports in popular culture, and the discovery of new petrochemicals and plastics.

By examining the history and development of the modern training shoe, this paper highlights some of the ways in which ideas form around things and how products come to be as they are. It also contributes to our understanding of a product that has become an inescapable part of contemporary life.