Rating Tools

La actual multiplicidad de dispositivos para acceder a la comunicación, la información y el entretenimiento ha generado, entre otros efectos, una complejidad creciente en los modos de consumo por parte de las audiencias. La convergencia cultural y tecnológica es el escenario en el cual los contenidos migran de plataforma en plataforma, y las narrativas transmedia se han convertido en una alternativa importante de las industrias mediáticas para mantener el interés de sus audiencias. A esto se suma el crecimiento y la diversificación de los nuevos medios, en los cuales son las audiencias prosumidoras las que toman la iniciativa y producen y comparten sus contenidos. A este respecto, las redes sociales y las aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles impulsan la cultura del remix y el mashup como nueva frontera de la inteligencia colectiva.  En ese marco, las segundas pantallas son una primera aproximación a los modos de consumo de la actualidad, en los cuales el medio principal –la TV- comparte su oferta con medios alternos –la tablet o el smartphone- para captar el interés y la participación de los públicos a través de la multitarea. Las mediciones tradicionales de audiencia, centradas aún en el aparato televisivo y basadas en el rating, están incorporando los medios sociales y las segundas pantallas para actualizar el análisis de la relación entre las audiencias y los contenidos mediáticos, dando paso así a una nueva era de la televisión participativa. La presente ponencia busca relevar estos estudios de las segundas pantallas y propone enriquecer el análisis de las audiencias incorporando el concepto de consumo transmedia y la lectura/navegación como estrategia de consumo multitarea en las pantallas.

The Green Building Concept (GBC), has become a topical issue and is receiving global attention as a potential solution to numerous adverse effects of construction activity both climatically and environmentally. Globally, the construction industry alone consumes 50% of all resources, 45% of all Energy and adds to 35% of CO2 emissions. Several developed countries has embraced the GBC as the most formidable solution to the preservation of their natural resources and cutting down on the negative impacts of construction on the climate and environment. However, uptake of the concept in the Ghana Construction industry is very minimal and not at the desired rate with only four (4) certified green buildings. This creates a fragile environment which undermines Ghana’s efforts at realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

A critical review of literature is conducted exploring the implementation of the GBC in Ghana. Through discussions, the research established the present status of the practice in Ghana as well as the drivers responsible for this current state. The implications of these drivers in the Ghana construction industry are discussed as well. For an increased uptake of the concept in Ghana and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), key measures to ensure rapid uptake are recommended to include; a national education, awareness and publicity campaign, the imposition of mandatory government regulations and policies and the provision of financial and market-based incentives amongst others.

Nel secondo dopoguerra, l'egemonia economica e monetaria degli Stati Uniti, conclamata con gli accordi di Bretton Woods, è stata messa in discussione prima dalla Comunità Economica Europea, poi dal Giappone e infine dalla Cina.  Dopo la crisi del 1971 al sistema di Bretton Woods è succeduto il dollar standard, un "non sistema" che ha visto un intervento crescente da parte dei paesi emergenti e, in particolare della Cina. L'inclusione del renmimbi nel basket dei Diritti Speciali di Prelievo può avvicinare il passaggio del sistema monetario internazionale da un approccio egemone a uno multivalutario.  Il volume contiene saggi di Cosimo Magazzino, Olga Marzovilla, Marco Mele e Gian Cesare Romagnoli.

In the second afterwar period, the economic and monetary egemony of the United States, at the base of the Bretton Woods Agreement, has been challenged first by the European Economic Community, then by Japan and eventually by China. After 1971, the Bretton Woods System has been replaced from the "dollar standard" a "non system" which has seen a growing intervention by the emergent countries, China in particular. The inclusion of renmimbi into the currencies basket of the Special Drawing Rights may draw near a change of the inetrnational monetary system from an egemonic approach to a multicurrency one. This volume collects the research work done by Cosimo Magazzino, Olga Marzovilla, Marco Mele and Gian Cesare Romagnoli.

Sustainable construction movement has been deeply transforming the traditional construction sector. As an important part of the sustainable construction delivery system, sustainable/green building rating systems play an essential role in implementing the sustainable principles into the construction industry and assessing the building’s rating. Most of the countries of the world have now developed their own rating systems. But as a matter of fact all the sustainability rating systems are not the same as they all provide different weightages to the assessment tools and even mention different assessment tools according to their available resources and regional location. Also each rating system has its own method of calculating weightages. For evaluation of buildings in Saudi Arabia the other rating systems cannot be used because for Saudi Arabia ‘water’is of major concern but the other rating systems provide very less weightage to it. Hence building rating system developed for any specific region becomes inappropriate for other regions. This paper makes detailed description and comparison among the mainstream green building rating systems and their common assessment tools. A short discussion about these sustainable/green building assessment tools has also been made, and it also briefly points out the importance and urgency of a separate sustainable rating system for Saudi Arabia and gulf region. New assessment tools and their weightages have been proposed in this paper for Saudi Arabia, which shall be very beneficial for the concerned authorities and shall help as guideline for the development of a separate rating system in the Gulf region.

A rating system provides relative measures of superiority between adversaries. We propose a novel and simple approach, which we call pi-rating, for dynamically rating Association Football teams solely on the basis of the relative discrepancies in scores through relevant match instances. The pi-rating system is applicable to any other sport where the score is considered as a good indicator for prediction purposes, as
well as determining the relative performances between adversaries. In an attempt to examine how well the ratings capture a team’s performance, we have a) assessed them against two recently proposed football ELO rating variants and b) used them as the basis of a football betting strategy against published market odds. The results show that the pi-ratings outperform considerably the widely accepted ELO ratings and, perhaps more importantly, demonstrate profitability over a period of five English Premier League seasons (2007/08 to 2011/12), even allowing for the bookmakers' built-in profit margin. This is the first academic study to demonstrate profitability against market odds using such a relatively simple technique, and the resulting pi-ratings can be incorporated as parameters into other more sophisticated models in an attempt to further enhance forecasting capability.

Crypto­property is one of the most rapidly growing classes of economic assets nowadays. There are several protocols that determine working principles of the cryptocurrencies as well as several protocols that enable creation and accounting of crypto assets. Owing to unique value proposition, an explosive growth of crypto property is inevitable. The new emerging class of economic assets and corresponding economic system have early stage problems such as lack of clear definitions of basic terms, weak understanding of the value proposition, lack of understanding of how to assess risks and evaluate potential growth. The widely­ used corporate credit rating methodologies such as S&P, Fitch, Moody's based on IFRS, GAAP, and sovereign accounting report systems are not applicable to crypto property and thus cannot solve the above issues. This paper defines some basic terms for crypto property, outlines basic approach to their risk assessment, and proposes a decentralized solution for the evaluation of crypto property without the necessity for expensive audit procedures.

A b s t r a c t This paper undertakes an international comparison of global sustainability tools and examines their characteristics and differences. Most importantly, it focuses on which tools from different countries can be directly compared with each other (i.e., is a five-star building with one rating system directly comparable with a four-star rating of another rating system?). The results are designed to provide some clarification of the assessment tools for sustainable buildings, which in turn will assist investors, developers, tenants, and government bodies in making informed decisions about green buildings. In addition, it is envisaged that removing some of the uncertainty associated with sustainable buildings will increase transparency for stakeholders and facilitate their acceptance.

Timely planning and strategizing for the future had remained the major strength of wealthy nations; who in a bid to unleash their full development potentials, have set up educational programmes, necessary to fight poverty in all its ramifications. This study aimed at assessing strategies considered necessary for the motivation of potential entrepreneurs among secondary school students for poverty alleviation in Anambra State of Nigeria. The study was a descriptive survey conducted with 110 business educators purposively sampled from five local government areas in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the conduct of the study and one null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance. A validated structured questionnaire with reliability coefficient of 0.94 was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using mean scores and z-test statistic. The findings of the study revealed among others that cash and scholarship awards, exposing students to entrepreneurship education such as interacting with small scale business owners, display of project materials and government sponsorship, were considered as highly necessary strategies. However, special gift from teachers and school authority, recognizing students through assigning of responsibilities were considered as barely necessary strategies by the business educators. It was concluded that the strategies considered fairly necessary and above should be used to motivate potential entrepreneurs in secondary schools. It was recommended among others that educators should constantly be provided with in-service training on entrepreneurship programmes to help them develop entrepreneurial skills required for effective motivation of potential entrepreneurs in their subjects.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los datos obtenidos de la empresa IBOPE TIME
(2016, 2017) y el proporcionado por TC Televisión (2017) para comprender la dinámica de
los puntos de rating por periodo, su evolución y su situación en comparación de su
competencia. Para esto se agregarán gráficos estadísticos con la información en mención y,
además, lo manifestado por el productor del programa CALLE 7, Cristian Rodríguez, y los
conocimientos expuestos de la experta en el tema, la jefa de rating de TC televisión, María
de los Ángeles Castillo.

Scientists exploring individuals, as such scientists are individuals themselves and thus not independent from their objects of research, encounter profound challenges; in particular, high risks for anthropo-, ethno- and ego-centric biases and various fallacies in reasoning. The Transdisciplinary Philosophy-of-Science Paradigm for Research on Individuals (TPS-Paradigm) aims to tackle these challenges by exploring and making explicit the philosophical presuppositions that are being made and the metatheories and methodologies that are used in the field. This article introduces basic fundamentals of the TPS-Paradigm including the epistemological principle of complementarity and metatheoretical concepts for exploring individuals as living organisms. Centrally, the TPS-Paradigm considers three metatheoretical properties (spatial location in relation to individuals’ bodies, temporal extension, and physicality versus “non-physicality”) that can be conceived in different forms for various kinds of phenomena explored in individuals (morphology, physiology, behaviour, the psyche, semiotic representations, artificially modified outer appearances and contexts). These properties, as they determine the phenomena’s accessibility in everyday life and research, are used to elaborate philosophy-of-science foundations and to derive general methodological implications for the elementary problem of phenomenon-methodology matching and for scientific quantification of the various kinds of phenomena studied. On the basis of these foundations, the article explores the metatheories and methodologies that are used or needed to empirically study each given kind of phenomenon in individuals in general. Building on these general implications, the article derives special implications for exploring individuals’ “personality”, which the TPS-Paradigm conceives of as individual-specificity in all of the various kinds of phenomena studied in individuals.

Състоянието на банките винаги е било обект на интерес на обществото като основен пазител на неговото богатство и фактор за стабилността на икономиката. Основно интерес към този проблем проявяват банковите надзорни органи и рейтинговите агенции, и в значително по-ниска степен – отделните индивиди на обществото. Това до някъде е обяснимо, тъй като надзорните органи са призвани да гарантират стабилността на банките и банковата система. При надзорните органи оценъчната рейтингова система е допълнителен инструмент, чрез който те оценяват действителното състояние на банките и в случай на необходимост определят съответните корективи действия, с оглед гарантиране на здраво и устойчиво развитие на банковата система и ранно откриване на потенциалните проблеми в дейността на дадена банка.

Since 2009 the National Housing Authority (NHA) of Thailand has initiated a new scheme of housing development entitled “PARSUKE Cohousing” in order to create a sustainable community for low to moderate income people. The pilot project focused on participatory process to achieve social sustainability. However, lessons learned from the project prove that making sustainable community requires all three entities of sustainable development (economic, social and environmental) to be integrated in a coherent and balanced manner. In recent years, Thai Green Building Institute (TGBI) has launched rating tools for green building assessment called ‘Thai’s Rating of Energy and Environmental Sustainability for New Construction and Major Renovation (TREES-NC)’ while NHA has introduced ECOVILLAGE as rating tools particularly for residential buildings. The paper presents the key indicators of both rating tools for residential projects and potential of creating economically, socially and environmentally sustainable cohousing community.

The concerns of climate change, our vulnerable environment and sustainable development have been recently augmented due the visible impacts and considerable economical demands required to maintain our infrastructures in the face of these challenges. Noise, dust, traffic congestion, water pollution and waste disposal during building and infrastructural development adds to this complexity and in the process large quantities of natural and human resources are consumed. These problems have forced many countries to adopt policies that enhance mainly energy efficiency and apply baseline parameters in accordance with international standards. Antigua and Barbuda including the wider Caribbean has begun this process.
There still remain nonetheless, shortfalls within regulations and practices due to disperse frameworks across various sectors. This intended harmonization points to a comprehensive means of assessing the fulfillment of green or sustainable best practices. Subject of which has now become a forefront for sustainable development in this century; that takes into account balancing long-term economic, environmental and societal health.
Although the average cost of Green Building is more than ten percent of that of the traditional, Green buildings are beneficial to the environmental, economic, human aspect: thermal comfort, indoor environmental quality, health and productivity over the entire life cycle of the building; effectively reducing water consumption up to by 20%, waste management by 70%, energy 55% among other major benefits. By adopting a contextual Green rating tool as a key performance indicator, offers an opportunity to assess the efficient of purported Green buildings, using an integrated approach from the design and construction phases.
Key Terms: Green Rating Systems, Assessment Tools, Sustainable Practices

This paper undertakes an international comparison of global sustainability tools and examines their characteristics and differences. Most importantly, it focuses on which tools from different countries can be directly compared with each other (i.e., is a five-star building with one rating system directly comparable with a four-star rating of another rating system?). The results are designed to provide some clarification of the assessment tools for sustainable buildings, which in turn will assist investors, developers, tenants, and government bodies in making informed decisions about green buildings. In addition, it is envisaged that removing some of the uncertainty associated with sustainable buildings will increase transparency for stakeholders and facilitate their acceptance.