Quantum-ESPRESSO

We study the electronic and optical properties of pure and Ta-doped anatase TiO2 structures using a plane-wave-based first-principles calculation. The pure anatase TiO2 has an indirect band gap of 2.76 eV, while the Ta-doped anatase TiO2 is a metal. Zero-energy dielectric constants of 4.02 and 3.48 were found for E || a and E || c, respectively, in the pure anatase TiO2. Based on the calculated imaginary parts of the dielectric function (ε 2), the pure anatase TiO2 has anisotropic interband transition edges of 2.75 eV and 3.55 eV for E || a and E || c respectively, which show an optical dichroism. The Ta-doped anatase TiO2 is found to have metallic behaviour, which is clearly observable through the significantly high electronic absorption in ε 2 at the zero energy level. However, the Ta-doped TiO2 also shows anisotropic interband transition edges of 2.55 eV and 3.45 eV for E || a and E || c, respectively, based on ε 2. Based on these results, Ta dopant plays an important role for the semiconductor-to-metallic transformation in anatase TiO2. At the same time, Ta dopant also promotes the red-shift of the interband transition edges and enhances the dichroism. This study presents the significant modification in the optical properties of anatase TiO2 due to the presence of Ta dopant based on the dielectric functions.

In this paper we present an implementation of the modified Becke-Johnson meta-GGA functional (TB09) in the PWSCF program of Quantum ESPRESSO package via the Libxc library. Using the functionals of TB09 we calculated the band gaps of some semiconductors and compared the results with previous calculations and experiments. We showed that combining GGA pseudo-potential with TB09 functionals would improve greatly the band gaps compared with the GGA calculations. The details of our implementation and code samples are also given.

In this work, three new pharmaceutical salts of fenbendazole (FNB), a benzimidazole-based anthelmintic drug, with sulfonic acids have been obtained and thoroughly investigated by different analytical techniques, including thermal methods, infrared/Raman spectroscopy, and theoretical methods (periodic DFT computations and Bader analyses of the crystalline electronic density). Single-crystal and high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data for the first time made it possible to determine the crystal structures of mesylate and tosylate salts of the drug, which were further validated by dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations. All the solid forms were stabilized by a robust R 2 2 (8) supramolecular motif formed by relatively strong N−H•••O hydrogen bonds. In the monohydrate of FNB tosylate, a considerable gain in the stabilization energy was due to the intermolecular interactions generated by the water molecules. A careful examination of the solubility−pH profile of the FNB salts revealed that, despite being thermodynamically unstable within the physiologically relevant pH range, the new solid forms demonstrated superior dissolution performance in terms of both the apparent solubility and the release rate in comparison to the parent drug. Since FNB has also been reported to possess anticancer activity, improving the drug's poor physicochemical properties through salt formation with the selected sulfonic acids is expected to promote further investigations toward repurposing of this potent compound.

In this article using density functional theory and GGA approximation for exchange correlation energy, we study the mechanism of environmental pollutant gases of methane, hydrogen disulfide and ammonia on molybdenite bilayer. Our results show that adsorption energy for ammonia is more than others and it adsorbs better on bilayer. Moreover, MoS2 bilayer is a semiconductor with an indirect band gap. Adsorption of all three gases reduces the band gap and creates new states in the vicinity of valance band so that the systems change to a P-semiconductor type.

This paper, we study the electronic structure of ZnS in two phases of zinc-blend and wurtzite, using density functional theory within GGA+U for the exchange-correlation potential. Furthermore, the effects of Ag atoms as both substitutional impurity and adsorbent are considered. The results suggest that ZnS is a direct band gap semiconductor with a 3.51 and 3.79 eV for ZB and WZ structures, respectively. Indeed, we have found that both substitutional and adsorbent Ag atoms strongly alter the electronic structure, and improve the optical response of the system in visible and infrared spectrum.

The first-principles calculations based GGA functionals was implemented to study the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of pure and defected hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer sheet using Quantum ESPRESSO (QE) package, 6.5 version. The pure h-BN is found to be non magnetic insulator with band gap of 4.64 eV. The calculated values of formation energy reveals the structural stability of defected system. The formation energies for B and N vacant system are found to be 16.45 eV and 12.84 eV respectively which predicts that N vacant system is more preferable with lower formation energy. The defect on a system abruptly changes the electronic and magnetic properties of h-BN system. The 6.25 % B-vacancy and 6.25 % N-Vacancy defects are found to be half metallic ferromagnet with total magnetization of 2.74µ B /cell and magnetic semiconductor with total magnetization 1.00µ B /cell respectively.

Carbon monofluoride (CF)n and graphane are two very different materials from the practical point of view, but the basic chemical motifs of these materials are closely related: both can be described as two-dimensional polycyclic (fluoro-/hydro-)carbons. However, the actual experimental data on the structure of these materials is ambiguous ((CF)n) or scarce (graphane). Herein, we report a detailed computational study of structure of (CF)n and graphane, both in a monolayer configuration and in three-dimensional stacked arrangements. A crucial point in achieving a proper description of layer interactions is the use of a nonlocal density functional to describe long-range dispersion attraction from first principles. We find strong qualitative and quantitative similarities between the two materials in both conformational energetics (including a “gauche-chair” conformational motif not considered in previous studies) and layer stacking arrangements. A molecular mechanics force field is derived for (CF)n that performs exceptionally well at reproducing our quantum chemical results and fits into a very general OPLS/AA molecular mechanics framework. The combined results of quantum chemical calculations and classical molecular dynamics simulations using the new force field suggest a pathway to explain the too-small experimental in-plane lattice constant values observed in these materials, as well as the variation of interlayer distance in (CF)n, on the common basis of conformational disorder.

The shielding tensor in 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers important information about the structural aspects of carbon materials from a local point of view. Not only the symmetry of the carbon site but also the presence of local structural distortions can affect the values of the isotropic shielding constant, the shielding anisotropy, and the deviation from axial symmetry. In this report, the 13C shielding in a single graphene sheet was calculated using density functional theory (DFT) via the gauge-including projector augmented plane wave (GIPAW) method. After performing convergence tests involving changes of k sampling and supercell size, the calculations were extended to graphene-based systems, including graphene bilayer and stacked graphene sheets, finally leading to hexagonal graphite. The calculated results showed good agreement with experimental values obtained by 13C NMR measurements in different types of carbon materials, evidencing the power of the DFT calculations for predicting NMR parameters in graphene-based nanocarbons.

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By partitioning the electron density into subsystem contributions, the Frozen Density Embedding (FDE) formulation of subsystem DFT has recently emerged as a powerful tool for reducing the computational scaling of Kohn-Sham DFT. To date, however, FDE has been employed to molecular systems only. Periodic systems, such as metals, semiconductors, and other crystalline solids have been outside the applicability of FDE, mostly because of the lack of a periodic FDE implementation. To fill this gap, in this work we aim at extening FDE to treat subsystems of molecular and periodic character. This goal is achieved by a dual approach. On one side, the development of a theoretical framework for periodic subsystem DFT. On the other, the realization of the method into a parallel computer code. We find that periodic FDE is capable of reproducing total electron densities and (to a lesser extent) also interaction energies of molecular systems weakly interacting with metallic surfaces. In the pilot calculations considered, we find that FDE fails in those cases where there is appreciable density overlap between the subsystems. Conversely, we find FDE to be in semiquantitative agreement (but still within chemical accuracy) with Kohn-Sham DFT when the inter-subsystem density overlap is low. We also conclude that to make FDE a suitable method for describing molecular adsorption at surfaces, kinetic energy density functionals that go beyond the GGA level must be employed.

The crystal structure, energy band structure and optical absorption of the N,V-doped and N,Na-doped anatase are studied by means of the first-principle pseudo-potential plane wave and linear muffin-tin orbitals methods. We show that the nitrogen and vanadium atoms have a tendency to form covalently bonded pairs. The crystal lattice distortions associated with doping essentially affect the optical absorption. With doping the impurity bands emerge in the band gap of the host anatase, however, a noticeable increase of optical absorption takes place at the energy only above 3 eV. Possible impact of this effect on the photocatalytic activity of the doped anatase is outlined.

In this paper we investigate the structure of molybdenum trioxide using density functional theory and DFT+U approximation in two cases. At first the effect of substitutional doping with lithium and in the next step adsorption of Methane on (010) two layers slab have been studied. The results show that although bulk MoO3 is a wide and indirect band gap semiconductor, lithium induces metallic behavior. Moreover, adsorption of CH4 causes a hole transfer into the MoO3 bilayer and the gap reduces.

Abstract Owing to the existence of periodic channels in phosphorene, this 2D material can be a good candidate for room temperature reversible hydrogen storage. The density functional theory calculations (DFT), including van der Waals interactions (vdW-DF2) coupled with the cooper exchange functional (C09), has been applied to study the potential of phosphorene as a new 2D material for hydrogen storage. Our results show that the adsorption energy (−292 to −277 meV) of H2 on phosphorene is appropriate for storage. The analysis of diffusion pathways between different physisorbed states on phosphorene shows that a single hydrogen molecule diffuses very easily along the open channel (less than 1 meV along the zigzag direction), as compared to 14 meV for diffusion across the channels (along the armchair direction). The potential energy surfaces for the dissociative chemisorption of H2 was computed on highly symmetric sites of phosphorene and the highest activation barrier was found to be 2.77 eV. The very large dissociation energy coupled with a strong physisorption of H2 on phosphorene and facile diffusion, makes this 2D material a promising candidate for H2 storage at room temperature.

In this paper we present first-principles calculations, based on both density functional theory and maximally localized Wannier functions, to study the electronic properties and interlayer coupling of twisted MoS 2 /NbSe 2 heterobilayers. We accurately investigate different stacking configurations and commensurate twist angles by including an in-depth analysis of the interlayer van der Waals interaction. The metallic character of the investigated heterostructures is dominated, at the Fermi energy, by the NbSe 2 atomic orbitals and shows a strong dependence on the twist angle. Notably, at the smallest considered twist angle, band structure flattening at the Fermi energy shows up, which should result in a lower conductivity of the metallic heterobilayer. The electrostatic potential analysis reveals no significant modification of the potential pattern with respect to the potentials of the isolated layers, with the exception of the interface region. A moderate electronic charge redistribution, compatible with electronically weakly coupled layers, is set up following the formation of the interface. The dependence of the electronic structure on the twist angle acts as a new degree of freedom for tuning properties relevant in electronic device applications.

Abstract Owing to the existence of periodic channels in phosphorene, this 2D material can be a good candidate for room temperature reversible hydrogen storage. The density functional theory calculations (DFT), including van der Waals interactions (vdW-DF2) coupled with the cooper exchange functional (C09), has been applied to study the potential of phosphorene as a new 2D material for hydrogen storage. Our results show that the adsorption energy (−292 to −277 meV) of H2 on phosphorene is appropriate for storage. The analysis of diffusion pathways between different physisorbed states on phosphorene shows that a single hydrogen molecule diffuses very easily along the open channel (less than 1 meV along the zigzag direction), as compared to 14 meV for diffusion across the channels (along the armchair direction). The potential energy surfaces for the dissociative chemisorption of H2 was computed on highly symmetric sites of phosphorene and the highest activation barrier was found to be 2.77 eV. The very large dissociation energy coupled with a strong physisorption of H2 on phosphorene and facile diffusion, makes this 2D material a promising candidate for H2 storage at room temperature.

The shielding tensor in 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers important information about the structural aspects of carbon materials from a local point of view. Not only the symmetry of the carbon site but also the presence of local structural distortions can affect the values of the isotropic shielding constant, the shielding anisotropy, and the deviation from axial symmetry. In this report, the 13C shielding in a single graphene sheet was calculated using density functional theory (DFT) via the gauge-including projector augmented plane wave (GIPAW) method. After performing convergence tests involving changes of k sampling and supercell size, the calculations were extended to graphene-based systems, including graphene bilayer and stacked graphene sheets, finally leading to hexagonal graphite. The calculated results showed good agreement with experimental values obtained by 13C NMR measurements in different types of carbon materials, evidencing the power of the DFT calculation...