Public relations history

John Cyril (Jack) Cato, F.R.P.S. (4 April 1889 – 14 August 1971) was a significant Australian portrait photographer in the Pictorialist style, operating in the first half of the twentieth century. He was the author of the first history of Australian photography; The Story of the Camera in Australia (1955).
This is a Design and Art Australia Online (DAAO) entry I have written and uploaded, also to Wikipedia (uploaded 1–4 December 2014), and pending publication on Luminous Lint

Public relations histories have mostly focussed on activities explicitly described as 'public relations' rather than the practices that characterise this field of public communication. This is problematic because the term 'public relations' was created relatively recently, originating in the US around the turn of the 20 th century (1897)(1898)(1899)(1900)(1901)(1902)(1903)(1904)(1905), and gaining prominence in Australia from the mid-20 th century. Furthermore, many do not use the term 'public relations' to describe practices identified under this disciplinary label. More broadly-based studies show that the public communication practices used in public relations have a much longer history than documented in US-centric literature, and that they were in use in Australia well before arrival of American 'public relations' practices with General Douglas MacArthur which is widely cited as the origin of PR in Australia. This article reports historical research and analysis of Australia's national day, now known as Australia Day, which illustrates that practices contemporarily described as public relations were used from soon after white settlement and that they have been fundamental in constructing discourses of nationhood and national identity. Findings of this research call for a reconceptualisation of public relations in historical, political, social and cultural terms.

This paper investigates the Public Relations Institute of Australia’s introduction in 1991 of a national accreditation program for university courses. Drawing on an analysis of previously unstudied industry archives, it identifies four themes significant for industry perspectives of education: public relations knowledge; industry expectations and experience; public relations curricula; and academic legitimacy. While university education was perceived by institute members to demonstrate the professional standing of public relations, the findings reveal divergent understandings of its role and content and identify considerable resistance to the institutionalisation of public relations knowledge. At the same time, the expansion and marketisation of higher education led to the introduction of new, vocational courses such as public relations. The significance of this study is it offers new insights into the development of Australian public relations education and the role of the professional association.

Mussolini's Fascists staged their "March on Rome" in 1922 and bluffed their way to power.

GERMAN / DEUTSCH Mit dem inszenierten „Marsch auf Rom“ tricksten sich Mussolinis Faschisten 1922 an die Macht.

KEYWORDS / SCHLAGWÖRTER
Ästhetisierung, Bewegung, Demokratie, Duce, fascismo, Faschismus, Film, Frankreich, Gewalt, Gewerkschaften, Großbritannien, Hitlerputsch, Italien, Journalismus, Marsch auf Rom, Medien, Mostra della Rivoluzione fascista, Mussolinismo, Nationalismus, Nationalsozialismus, Öffentliche Meinung, Personenkult, Presse, Propaganda, Propagandaministerium, Rechtsextremismus, Risorgimento, Ritual, Sozialismus, Straßenterror, Symbolik, Syndikalismus, Terrorismus, Vereinigtes Königreich, Volksempfänger, Zeitungen

ORGANISATIONEN: Fasci d’azione rivoluzionaria, fasci di combattimento, Faschistische Partei, Istituto Luce, Partito Nazionale Fascista, Schwarzhemden, Sozialistische Partei Italiens (PSI), Squadrismo, Squadristen, Squadristi

PERSONEN: Italo Balbo, Gustave Le Bon, Gabriele D’Annunzio, Cesare Maria De Vecchi, Emilio De Bono, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Adolf Hitler, Giacomo Matteotti, Benito Mussolini, Friedrich Nietzsche, Georges Sorel, Viktor Emanuel III (Vittori Emanuelle III)

PUBLIKATIONEN: Avanti, Il Popolo d’Italia
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Now largely forgotten, Edgar George Holt (1904–1988) was a leading journalist and public relations officer in the middle decades of twentieth–century Australia. This article examines his prominent journalistic career in the 1930s and 1940s, his presidency of the Australian Journalists’ Association, and his work as the Liberal Party of Australia's public relations officer from 1950 to the early 1970s. The article explores the evolution of his cultural and political views, considering how a literary aesthete and poet came to be at the forefront of the 1944 newspaper strike and then an important player in Australian conservative machine politics and the emerging industry of political public relations.

The history of public relations has long been presented in a corporatist Anglo-American framework. The National Perspectives on the Development of Public Relations: Other Voices series is the first to offer an authentic world-wide view of the history of public relations freed from those influences.

The series features six books, five of which cover continental and regional groups including (Book 1) Asia and Australasia, (Book 2) Eastern Europe and Russia, (Book 3) Middle East and Africa, (Book 4) Latin America and Caribbean and (Book 5) Western Europe. The sixth book will have essays on new and revised historiographical and theoretical approaches.

Written by leading national public relations historians and scholars, some histories of national public relations development are offered for the first time while others are reinterpreted in a more authentic style. The National Perspectives on the Development of Public Relations: Other Voices series makes a major contribution to the wider knowledge of PR's history and aids formation of new historiographical and theoretical approaches. http://www.palgrave.com/page/detail/middle-eastern-and-african-perspectives-on-the-development-of-public-relations-tom-watson/?K=9781137404275

"The new medium of film was quickly ceized by the propagandists of the German Empire's Navy League (Deutscher Flottenverein). This influential interest group promoted navalism in early 1900s Germany, intervening in election campaigns, pressuring parliaments and governments, and running continuous campaigns in public with carefully staged events. It collaborated with the navy and the government while being dependent on industry support.

GERMAN/DEUTSCH Als um 1900 die Bilder laufen lernten, erkannte der Deutsche Flottenverein als erster das Potenzial des Mediums Film.
Schlagwörter: Film, Fundraising, Geopolitik, Haushalt, Industrie, Interessenvertretung, Kinematograph, Lobby, Marine, Marineschauspiel, Mutoskop, Nationalismus, Navalismus, Paulskirche, Pressearbeit, Reden, Rednerdienst, Revolution, Rüstung, Schifffahrt, Spenden, Tirpitz-Plan, Verbände, Wahlkampf
Organisationen: Deutscher Flottenverein (DFV), Nachrichtenbureau, Reichsmarineamt, Reichstag, SPD, Vaterlandspartei, Zentrum
Unternehmen: Messter, Pathé
Personen: August Bebel, Geoff Eley, August Keim, Martin Loiperdinger, Alfred Thayer Mayhan, Alfred Tirpitz, Wilhelm II.
Publikationen: Flotten-Freund, Der Komet, Überall"