Psychoticism

Instruments for the assessment of the Eysenckian superfactors of personality, Psychoticism (P), Extraversion (E), and Neuroticism (N), were developed over the course of almost 50 years. Typically the convergence with the precursor was examined when a new scale was published. In the present study the continuity and change of the substance of P, E, and N is tested by administering all instruments to a sample simultaneously, together with measures of the Five-Factor Model. A factor analysis of the 19 markers of the PEN model clearly yielded three factors, with higher loadings for E and N compared to P. The superfactors typically were measured purely after the historically second (or third, for P) instrument. Analysing the item difficulty confirmed that the P items were softened during the revisions but this created a confounding of item difficulty and content: The earlier “tough” items (mostly low Agreeableness) were gradually complemented by “softer” items representing the presumed obverse of P, superego strength (mostly low Conscientiousness). Finally, a part of the observed heterogeneity of P was due to these differences in item difficulty. Overall, the EPQ-R seems to be the most valid single measure of the PEN model.

Creativity plays an important role in education and on the job market. In this perspective, the present study addresses the personality profile of creative people in specific domains of achievement. Literature on creativity is predominantly based on the analysis of psychology students, artists and scientists. The question which emerges from the current state of the art concerns the ability to generalize these findings. Hence, the current study examines additional professional subsamples in terms of their creative personality. The sample consists of 176 participants (109 women, 66 men, MAge = 24.47, SD = 3.52, age range: 19-39 years). In the general sample, only the correlation between creativity and autonomy was significant (r = .16, p < .05). In the sample of psychologists, this correlation was stronger (r = .57, p < .01). These results suggest the importance of fostering an autonomous working style.

A quantitative study explored the values profile of teen Buddhists growing up in Britain and the degree to which meditating more or less regularly linked with other features of their Buddhist identity, values and psychological type. A variety of attitude statements including those concerning personal well-being, discrimination, the media, friends, work, school, Religious Education, family, substance use, collectivism, tradition and religion were rated for levels of agreement using postal and online surveys of 417 self-identifying Buddhists aged between 13 and 20. Those who meditated regularly (18% meditated every day, 54% meditated monthly) were found to feel more religious, were more likely to think monks did a good job, wanted their children to grow up Buddhist, were more resistant to the use of intoxicant substances, were more satisfied with school and collective worship, had a stronger work ethic, placed more reliance on the internet and TV, had more traditionalist values but were less sympathetic towards the unemployed and foreigners. Only for those who meditated daily was this practice linked with more positive attitude to Religious Education and Buddhism, stronger family values, purpose in life, belief in life after death and considering themselves a ‘proper Buddhist’. In terms of psychological type, meditators were more likely to have a sensing or dominant sensing preference rather than the tough-mindedness predicted by previous research. The paper argues that the attitude patterns described above show infrequent meditation helps with collectivist values, Buddhist perpetuating structures and ideology, but daily meditation is part of the deeper development of Buddhist worldview.

This prestigious three year PhD studentship is available beginning 1st October 2015. The new Rehabilitation and Recovery Service for People with Severe and Enduring Mental Health Needs was introduced in January 2015. The service aims to better support service user recovery through more enhanced community support, and less reliance on inpatient care. It is a radically different prototype emphasising collaborative team working across statutory and third sector providers, and a philosophy focused on the community recovery element of the service in-reaching into the inpatient ward to provide more holistic and intensive support. It is anticipated that this model will help avoid institutionalisation and will promote better outcomes for service users (core of around n=50 p/yr) who may be characterised as ‘high need’ and ‘slow moving’. It is anticipated, that this model of community service will be more widely implemented across other Trust community services. A partnership evaluation is on-going and consists of a questionnaire at 1mnth, 6mnths, and 12mnths.
The project will provide a complementary, qualitative evaluation of the service using ‘photo elicitation’. Photo elicitation is a developing method of inquiry in which participants are invited to take photographs which help them to express something of their experience around the topic of investigation. The researcher provides a structure by having an introductory meeting to clarify the topic of investigation, to answer questions, and provide a digital camera, if one is needed - participants can use their own phone/tablet if they like. A time-frame is agreed for the photos to be taken and sent to the researcher (e.g., by e-mail attachment) and for the participant and researcher to meet to discuss the meaning of the photos in an audio-recorded research interview. The research entails undertaking photo elicitation with service users (n~16) about their experience of the new service and to include purposefully sampled staff as well (n~8 including inpatient service and community partners). The aims are to provide:
• an in-depth understanding of the experience of service users and staff to complement the quantitative service evaluation currently ongoing in the Trust;
• an understanding of the strengths of the service and areas requiring further development, from the perspective of both service users and staff;
• an evidence-base from which to develop the service, for example, through exploring the possibility of integrating the method in an on-going cycle of service evaluation and service use technology skill development;
• to provide a platform to apply for additional funding for a public engagement and knowledge transfer/dissemination to other services.

The present investigation targets the empirical validation of the correlation surface of psychopathology and ego-strength from Eysenck (1995). The sample comprises 37 middle aged adults from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Established hypotheses could not be verified and results even significantly tend in the opposite direction. The findings are discussed in the light of an eventual revision of the theoretical conception of Eysenck and its potential adaptation to the measured constructs.

Our study can be located in a multivariate approach to creativity, by taking into account as well cognitive as personality factors in relationship to creative potential. The sample consists of 37 middle aged adults from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (20 women, 17 men, MAge = 41.03, SD = 7.232, age range: 29-55
years). Analyzes have revealed that the factor Ego-Strength is highly significantly related to the factor Creative Potential (r = .46, p < .001). Furthermore, the wellestablished relationship between psychoticism and creativity could not be replicated. Consequently, we argue that psychoticism would not be a prerequisite of creative potential, as suggested by the correlation surface between psychopathology and ego-strength (Eysenck, 1995). It would rather constitute the other side of the same coin. Ego-strength would be some kind of moderator variable, who determines which feature will be uncovered.

The literature on creativity has often focused on the analysis of artists and scientists. The ability to generalize these findings to respective professional sub-disciplines is examined. In particular, the present study addresses the generalizability of the personality profile of creative scientists to creative social scientists. Autonomy was found to be the most important personality feature for creativity in social sciences. These results suggest the importance of fostering an autonomous working style.

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan tingkat kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi. Sejalan dengan itu tinggi pula tingkat ketimpangan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang menimbulkan banyaknya masalah sosial di dalam negeri ini. Salah satu contoh dari masalah sosial itu ialah ramainya kegiatan pergelandangan, dan tidak sedikit dari pergelandangan itu dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang menyandang psikotik (gangguan jiwa) yang tidak diketahui identitasnya.

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui upaya penal dan non-penal yang dilakukan oleh UPT Panti Karya dan mengetahui perlindungan terhadap gelandangan psikotik. Upaya penal dan non-penal menitikberatkan keluarga sebagai pelaku penelantaran dalam rumah tangga, sedangkan perlindungan menitikberatkan gelandangan psikotik sebagai korban penelantaran dalam rumah tangga. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif-empiris, yang didukung dengan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan beberapa narasumber, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh melalui bahan pustaka yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Analisis hasil penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis data kualitatif.

Peraturan perundang-undangan yang menjadi rujukan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah yang memuat aturan tindakan penelantaran dalam rumah tangga; dan Peraturan Daerah DIY Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Penanganan Gelandangan dan Pengemis yang memuat aturan tentang gelandangan psikotik. Ada pula Peraturan Walikota Yogyakarta Nomor 76 Tahun 2008 tentang Pembentukan Susunan, Kedudukan dan Rincian Tugas Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pada Dinas Sosial, Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Kota Yogyakarta yang mengatur tentang UPT Panti Karya, yang menyediakan pelayanan bagi gelandangan psikotik di Kota Yogyakarta.

The ability to be creative is often considered a unique characteristic of conscious beings and many efforts have been directed at demonstrating a relationship between creativity and the personality construct of psychoticism. The present study sought to investigate this link explicitly by focusing on discrete facets of creative cognition, namely the originality/novelty dimension and the practicality/usefulness dimension. Based on EysenckÕs conceptualisation of psychoticism as being characterised by an overinclusive cognitive style, it was expected that higher levels of psychoticism would accompany a greater degree of conceptual expansion and elevated levels of originality in creative imagery, but would be unrelated to the practicality/usefulness of an idea. These hypotheses were confirmed in 80 healthy participants who were contrasted based on their EPQ psychoticism scale scores. Our findings suggest that the link between psychoticism and creativity is based on associative thinking and broader but weak top-down activation patterns rather than on goal-related thinking.

Latent Inhibition (LI) is an attentional phenomenon in which repeated pre-exposure to a stimulus
that is not reinforced retards future associability to that stimulus. LI adaptively allows the individual to
categorize stimuli as relevant or irrelevant to goal attainment at a level below that of conscious
awareness. Previous research has linked reduced LI with psychopathological conditions, such as acute
schizophrenia and elevated scores on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Psychoticism Scale. We
tested the hypothesis that reduced LI would be related to Openness to Experience, a dimension of Costa
and McCrae's Five Factor Model of Personality, due to the association of Openness with ¯exible
cognitive categorization. Results supported this hypothesis: the correlation between LI and Openness
among high-achieving individuals was substantial and highly signi®cant (r=0.44, P = 0.0001) even
when other relevant aspects of personality were held steady. Reduced LI may impart cognitive
advantages in certain personality configurations.

Using data from the Wollongong Youth Study, we assessed the extent to which perceptions of parental styles predict levels of Eysenckian psychoticism in adolescence. Participants were 660 high school students (males = 322; females = 332; 6 did not indicate gender) who were tracked for 12 months. The modal age of the respondents was 12 years at Time 1. In addition to the psychoticism scale (Corulla, 1990), participants also rated both parents on permissiveness, authoritativeness, and authoritarianism. Structural equation modeling revealed that only one parenting style, authoritativeness, significantly predicted psychoticism at Time 2, while controlling for Time 1 psychoticism. Gender differences were also observed. The results are discussed with reference to different parenting styles and the nature of psychoticism.

The ability to be creative is often considered a unique characteristic of conscious beings and many efforts have been directed at demonstrating a relationship between creativity and the personality construct of psychoticism. The present study sought to investigate this link explicitly by focusing on discrete facets of creative cognition, namely the originality/novelty dimension and the practicality/usefulness dimension. Based on EysenckÕs conceptualisation of psychoticism as being characterised by an overinclusive cognitive style, it was expected that higher levels of psychoticism would accompany a greater degree of conceptual expansion and elevated levels of originality in creative imagery, but would be unrelated to the practicality/usefulness of an idea. These hypotheses were confirmed in 80 healthy participants who were contrasted based on their EPQ psychoticism scale scores. Our findings suggest that the link between psychoticism and creativity is based on associative thinking and broader but weak top-down activation patterns rather than on goal-related thinking.

AimRisk of psychosis is defined by the presence of positive psychotic-like symptoms, by subtle self-perceived cognitive and perceptual deficiencies, or by decreased functioning with familial risk of psychosis. We studied the associations of psychiatric outpatients&#39; self-reported functioning and interpersonal relationships with vulnerability to and risk of psychosis.MethodsA total of 790 young patients attending psychiatric outpatient care completed the PROD screen [Heinimaa M, Salokangas RKR, Ristkari T, Plathin M, Huttunen J, Ilonen T, et al. PROD-screen – a screen for prodromal symptoms of psychosis. Int J Meth Psychiatr Res 2003;12:92–04.], including questions on functioning, interpersonal relationships and subtle specific (psychotic-like) and non-specific symptoms. Vulnerability to psychosis was assessed employing the patient&#39;s written descriptions of specific symptoms. Of the patients vulnerable to psychosis, those at current risk of psychosis were assessed using the Bo...