Precedents

Área do Direito: Digital

Resumo: O uso da tecnologia para otimização e aprofundamento das práticas jurídicas já é uma realidade, em especial, no sistema processual brasileiro, onde a padronização e a burocracia que caracterizam a litigância repetitiva funcionam como um demand pull de tecnologias que possam acelerar procedimentos e reduzir custos. Abordamos as recentes iniciativas nesse sentido, com foco nas propostas pelos tribunais brasileiros para convalidação e operacionalização do sistema de precedentes do Código de Processo Civil/2015. Defendemos, sobretudo, que se trata de área fértil-porém, com limites-para a evolução das técnicas de gerenciamento de processos que visam aumentar o acesso e a efetividade do sistema processual-tais como, na esfera judicial, a seleção e triagem de demandas, a abertura para outros meios de resolução de disputas, o planejamento de andamentos procedimentais, e a organização da estrutura judiciária. Palavras-chave: Inteligência Artificial-Tecnologia-Resolução de disputas-Precedentes-Gestão do processo

Abstract: The use of technology to optimize and strengthen the legal practice is already a reality, in particular in the Brazilian procedural system, where the standardization and bureaucracy that characterize the mass litigation area work as a demand pull for technologies aiming to expedite proceedings and reduce costs. We address the recent initiatives available in the matter, with focus on the proposals made by the Brazilian courts to validate and operationalize the system of precedents brought by the 2015 Code of Civil Procedure. We sustain essentially that this consists of a fertile area-although with limits-for the evolution of case management techniques that aim to increase the access and the effectiveness of the procedural system-such as, in the judicial field, the selection and triage of claims, the opening for other dispute-resolution methods, the planning of procedural developments, and the organization of the courts' structure.

Neste artigo critico a "tetralogia" dos precedentes, de autoria de Lênio Streck, divergindo de suas premissas acerca da teoria dos precedentes no direito do common law e de suas conclusões sobre o tema no novo direito processual civil brasileiro.

This article is about the implementation of a biding precedents system by the Civil Procedure Code from 2015, and the consequent need of alteration of the courts institutional mechanisms in order to obtain the effective fulfilment and creation of those precedents. It is emphasized the role of the mental mechanisms concerning the formation of the decision that takes the subject to produce a natural biased opinion and the eventual harmful results of this elements for the decision making. It is demonstrated the importance of the deliberative action using the confront of arguments as an alternative to obviate the prejudicial effects of the individualized decisions taken in the board. It was performed a study of the norms that integrate the Internal Regiment (IR) of the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice (SCJ) to investigate the existence of collegiate voting mechanisms directed to the obtainment of an institutional decision. Therefore, it was given preference to the deductive analyses method. This court was chosen for its pioneering and interest in adap- ting its IR to the Civil Procedure Law. This research, materialized in this article, aims to demonstrate that the inadequacy of the courts deliberative proceedings might result in the ineffectiveness of the precedents system, for the reason that such decisions represents the individual understanding of the judge, with the absence of an institutional understanding about the subject. As a result, it was found that the IR from the SCJ has norms that make possible a well-informed vote taking, diminishing the individual bias on collegiate voting. However, there is still the need of enhancements in the creation of mechanism concerning the inte- gration between the judges, in order to use the collegiate in its full potential. Keywords: Precedents. Collegiality. Biased Opinion. Argumentative Onus. Legal Security.

Este artigo busca responder em que medida a produção e a aplicação dos precedentes qualificados no Brasil pressupõem exercícios de retrospecção, transição e prospecção de cenários, e que mecanismos podem ser adotados para tanto.
Num modelo como o brasileiro, em que os precedentes têm natural tendência à abstração, por serem utilizados, com frequência – embora não exclusivamente –, como instrumentos de racionalização das decisões nas demandas de natureza repetitiva, com forte carga normativa, torna-se especialmente importante e desafiador uma incursão sobre a temporalidade das decisões.

This essay examines the role and the limits of a theory of
precedent in promoting the values of legal certainty, equality, legitimacy,
and efficiency of the courts. It demonstrates, further, that precedents have
another major role: they serve as a filter for legal argumentation, guiding
litigants and judges on the issues to be discussed and considered in the
decision of a case. With this objective, section I clarifies the relationship
between the use of precedents and the values mentioned above. Section
II demonstrates the manner in which precedents are applied. Section
III analyses the subjective and institutional elements that also influence
judicial behavior. Finally, section IV presents the conclusion, highlighting
the importance of precedents for legal reasoning. The essay uses the
North American theory of precedent as a starting point for its analysis.