Phisical Geography

The research was based on the theoretical-methodological proposal of Monteiro (1976) for the study of the Urban Climate System in Juiz de Fora, a city that has experienced an intense process of demographic growth and urban expansion in recent decades. The focus of the research is the thermodynamic subsystem, whose channel of perception includes the research on the urban heat islands. The data collection of temperature and relative humidity was performed through a mobile transect in five days of the 2014 summer, in January. The data collected were duly organized and treated, and the isotherms and isographs were subsequently elaborated. The data and charts analysis showed the formation of heat islands of up to 7,6oC in the considered period, with a greater heating in the central area, characterized by the location in the main valley of the Paraibuna River, by the incipient arboreal vegetation cover, the demographic and housing density and the intense and constant daily flow of vehicles. The data collected also allowed the calculation of the Discomfort Index and Effective Temperature and its classification based on the distribution of comfort zones for different degrees of thermal perception and their physiological responses. Subsequently, the zones of comfort were correlated with the geoecological and geourbans conditioners. The analysis demonstrates the production of thermal discomfort zones that can produce a level of physiological stress characterized by the occurrence of vasoconstriction ("slightly cool" thermal sensation) or vasodilatation ("slightly hot" thermal sensation).

Stig is an area in Eastern Serbia located in the lower basin between the Mlava River and Braničevo in the east, the Morava River in the west, the Danube basin in the north and Mlava region in the south. Stig is well connected with areas
of neighboring rivers through the low beams, and through valley Mlava with the mountainous part of the basin (Mlava and Homolje). Young geologic structures of Neogene age are to be found in the surface area. Quaternary sediments occur in the elevated boundary area of the perimeter. Alluvial plains of Mlava and it’s tributaries
are covered with the youngest alluvial deposits. Paleozoic era rocks partially rise from the topographic surface. In the relief of Stig terraces of various heights appear and in the Mlava valley alluvial terraces occur at their relative heights of 5-7 m, 11-13 m and
25-27 m. Substantial part of the area is covered with aeolian sand, which in its very pure form is a consisting part of Ramsko-zatonjska sands structure. Mining of lignite in the Ćirikovca and Drmno areas has changed current characteristics of relief in this
part of Stig by creating a huge depression in the area of coal mines on one hand, and deposited material forms mountain-like landscape up to 20 meters of height on the other.
Key words: Stig, geological structure, geomorphologic forms

The brazilian territory comprehend six large morph-climatic domains that are natural divisions not cartographic linear, with more or less homogeneous features of relief, kind of soils, climatic and hydrologic conditions and finally vegetation. However, on the interior of those domainscore regions, there are landscapes of exceptions that due more tothe others natural domainsfeatures as it own. The Ice Age Forests Refuge presents an explanation for the existence of those flora “cloister”, assigning for those landscapes the influence of the Würm-Wisconsin glaciations on the transition ofthe Pleistocene to Quaternary period, that on South America continent should had result on a diminution of the general temperatures and clima aridification, changing  the continent landscape configuration.
On this work the Serra dos Cocaislandscape is identified as being a landscape exception in the middle of the Atlantic Rain Forest Domain. Here is suggested a landscape pattern for the referent region, that are strongly humanized, than it is discussed the influence of thatlandscape pattern about the perspectives
of the Ice Age Forest Refuges.

Матеріали конференції присвячено 20-ому ювілейному зібранню студентського наукового товариства географічного факультету Львівського університету. У матеріалах представлені студентські наукові статті, які висвітлюють актуальні питання сучасної природничої, суспільної і конструктивної географії, геополітики, геології, геоекології, картографії, геоінформатики, туризму, економіки й менеджменту.

Висвітлено науково-методологічні засади ландшафтного аналізу екологічних проблем та методику еколого-ландшафтних досліджень гірничопромислових територій. Узагальнено багатий фактичний матеріал щодо мінерально-сировинної бази Львівської області. На цій основі здійснено аналіз та оцінку антропогенної трансформації ландшафтів у типових гірничопромислових районах і територіях Львівщини, розглянуто основи поліпшення екологічної ситуації у реґіоні та рекультивації гірничопромислових об'єктів.

Guidance principles of landscape analysis of ecological problems and methods of landscape-ecological researches of mining territories are ascertained. Rich practical materials in relations of source of raw materials of the L’viv region are generalized. On this basis was analyzed and estimated the anthropogenic transformation of landscapes in typical mining areas and territories of L’viv region, bases of improvement of ecological situation in the region and restoration of mining objects are considered.

The Southern Brazilian highlands are composed by landscapes dominated by subtropical rain forests in which the Araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia) is the most common tree, occupying a predominant position in the upper strata of the regional
forests. In total opposition to the ecological succession, open grasslands can be found. Together they form a mosaic of ecosystems thatmakes up the natural area known as the Morphoclimatic Domains of Araucárias Highlands.
The existence of glassland vegetation merged with forest  has often aroused naturalists and researchers’ interest. However, it was only in the 20 th century that Reinhard Maack conceived the first  interpretation of the landscape’s origin. His views
were based on the knowledge acquired from paleoclimate researches on the quaternary.
Important contributions were made to the palaeoenvironmental. This led A.N. Ab'Sáber and P.E. Vanzolini to formulate the Ice AgeForests Refuge Theory, one of the most important theoretical bodies concerning mechanisms and distribution patterns of neotropical floras and fauna at the end ofthe last glacial period.
The Ice Age Forests Refuge Theory provides an interpretation that integrates both geoscience and bioscience data in order to explain how the landscape has evolved. The theory concerns the major climate changes occurred during the Quaternary.
These interpretations are merely a first approach. However they represent a significant contribution to the theoretical frameworkas well as the methodology of investigation concerning the exceptional landscape found within the Morphoclimatic domains of landscapes.
This work aims to reconstruct the palaeogeographical landscape of the late-pleistocene of Vila Velha Park and its surroundings, oneof the most important conservation areas of the Araucárias Highlands. Nowadays  it preserves a sample of typical ecosystems of the southern highlands. These consist  of grasslands and subtropical forests as well as vegetal species considered palaeoclimate relicts of the driest pleistocenic epochs and genetically descend from the central Brazilian
Cerrado. More than an attempt to distinguish and classify Vila Velha’s present and past types of landscape, this research strives to contribute to the knowledge regarding the evolution of the Araucaria Highlands Morphoclimatic Area. The methodology consists of analyzing palaeopalinologic data and proposing hypothesis concerning the origins of Southern Brazilian Highlands landscape.

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO Los mapas de paisajes realizados desde el enfoque geográfico cuentan con una cualidad inherente a esta disciplina, cual es la consideración integral –y a la vez necesariamente sintética– de sus componentes. Ello les convierte en una pertinente herramienta para la identificación y evaluación del estado ambiental, de manera que pueden resultar de gran utilidad para el análisis y la gestión territorial de un espacio geográfico (García y Muñoz, 2002). Partimos de una idea cada vez más asumida por la comunidad científica, por las administraciones públicas y por el conjunto de la sociedad: el paisaje es un elemento y un recurso ambiental más, que viene a sumarse al resto de los recursos tradicionales (agua, vegetación, etc.). Esta consideración de recurso puede abordarse desde una doble perspectiva (Cancer-Pomar, 1999, pg. 79): recurso ambiental (natural y/o cultural) en sí mismo, que necesita protección frente a las actuaciones que lo pueden degradar; recurso que influye decisivamente en la capacidad del territorio para el desarrollo de ciertas actividades o la asignación de usos determinados (recreativos y turísticos, fundamentalmente). Como tal recurso, es (o debería ser) objeto de planificación y gestión. Pero tal tarea cuenta con la peculiaridad a la que acabamos de aludir al inicio de este apartado, de forma que "desde el punto de vista de la planificación, el paisaje se considera como un recurso que, en un sentido más amplio, compendia y refleja las características físicas –bióticas y abióticas-de un territorio, así como su incidencia antropógena" (Cancer-Pomar, 1999, pg. 79). Un punto de partida fundamental –podría decirse que imprescindible– para la correcta planificación del paisaje es contar con una buena cartografía de este recurso. Pero compendiar cartográficamente todos los elementos que coexisten en una determinada unidad territorial (las unidades de paisaje), requiere de una metodología que varía significativamente según el criterio que se utilice. En cualquier caso, requerirá de una metodología compleja. En España el interés por parte de administraciones públicas en realizar estudios de paisaje se ha incrementado sustancialmente, en particular a raíz de la ratificación por este país del Convenio Europeo del Paisaje (CEP), en 2007. Los departamentos competentes en ordenación del territorio o en medio ambiente de varias comunidades autónomas españolas, han elaborado sus propios estudios y cartografías paisajísticas con el objeto de disponer de un informe técnico de utilidad para futuras acciones sobre el territorio. Cada comunidad autónoma ha diseñado estos estudios en función a los criterios que ha considerado más oportunos, utilizando las metodologías que entendían que satisfacían sus necesidades técnicas. Dichos trabajos, aunque en algunos casos difieren notablemente entre ellos, tienen en común el aspecto conceptual del término paisaje, basándose en la definición propuesta por el CEP: " cualquier parte del territorio tal como la percibe la población, cuyo carácter sea el resultado de la acción y la interacción de factores naturales y/o humanos " (Consejo de Europa, 2000). Para dar respuesta al carácter aglutinador de este concepto, se pueden identificar genéricamente dos líneas de trabajo que comparten las diversas metodologías elaboradas en esas comunidades autónomas. Una gira en torno a la elaboración de una cartografía del paisaje entendida bajo un enfoque geosistémico; es decir, estableciendo un carácter sistémico y jerárquico de los componentes naturales, con una perspectiva holística del espacio geográfico y con la interacción entre el medio natural y la sociedad (Mateo, 2004). La otra se centra en la percepción social del paisaje (atendiendo a la definición del CEP a la que acabamos de referirnos), utilizando para ello técnicas que permiten determinar la visibilidad del territorio mediante métodos cuantitativos, además de encuestas realizadas a los lugareños y visitantes del espacio geográfico objeto de estudio, para conocer sus preferencias y otras cuestiones de índole paisajística. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es la elaboración de una cartografía de los paisajes del Parque Cultural del Río Martín (PCRM) desde el enfoque geosistémico. Para ello hemos optado por una propuesta metodológica de gran tradición y prestigio: la aplicación de los paisajes físico-geográficos propios de la Geografía Física Compleja, derivados de la escuela rusa (Bollo y Hernández, 2008).

This paper comes from a collaboration involving three PhD students of the Department of Geography, University of Padua. The main aims are i) to summarize the results emerged during the 12th European Seminar on Geography of Water (Udine, 28 June - 9 July 2009) within the working group dedicated to Tagliamento river basin; ii) to test a multidisciplinary approach that joins physical and human geography. After a physical and administrative overview of the area, the paper focuses on conflicts between different uses of basin resources (hydropower production, irrigation, industrial use of water, gravel extraction, tourism, recreational activities), and with the risk management related to the Tagliamento. Some general suggestions concerning feasible solutions to the conflicts has been pointed out: i.e. the need to increase local community involvement in public choices, coupled to a reinforcement of a catchment scale vision of the problems. The topics are too vast and complex to be entirely detailed here; but, the analysis has highlighted the potentialities of a successful interdisciplinary collaboration dealing with an issue that requires complementary skills, methods and approaches.

La incorporación de la universidad española al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior plantea la necesidad de adoptar estrategias con un nuevo enfoque de la enseñanza-aprendizaje. En este contexto, la educación patrimonial presenta un elevado potencial para el conocimiento y la interpretación de las interacciones naturaleza-sociedad. El reconocimiento y la valoración del patrimonio natural en el marco de la dinámica del territorio sustentan la programación y el desarrollo de una propuesta educativa para el primer año de los estudios universitarios. Centrada en los significados e intereses de las formas de erosión en los sistemas fluviales, la didáctica del patrimonio se presenta conectada a las competencias, los objetivos y los contenidos de una materia de Geografía Física que forma parte de una titulación de Grado (Geografía e Historia) en la Universidad de Vigo (Campus de Ourense, Galicia, España).

The exploitation of material from the river bed does not represent only the use of natural resources, but also has the character of a very significant anthropogenic factors morphological-psamological (Greek psammos = sand) processes in the river
flow. These processes are among the most complex in nature, due to the large number of parameters that affect them. Morphological condition of the river bed is the result of interaction of hydrological, hydraulical and psamological parameters, so that the
changes in the ratio of these parameters are also causing changes in the morphological conditions of observed sector. In long-term morphological processes there is a trend to establish the natural balance of these factors, which is manifested by the alignment and
stabilization of the longitudinal profile of streams. However, not only natural factors acts on the morphological- psamological processes, but also a variety of anthropogenic factors, which include the exploitation of material from the river bed. Large volume and non
adequate dredging pace may initiate adverse morphological processes, with very serious consequences.
Key words: Quaternary sediments, exploitation, Velika Morava

This paper aims at reconstructing the late-pleistocene landsca-pe of Vila Velha Park, one of the most important conservation
areas of Paraná State, which preserves a typical ecosystem
sample of the southern brazilian highlands. It consists of
grasslands and subtropical forests as well as vegetal species
considered palaeoclimate relicts of the driest pleistocenic
epochs and that genetically descend from the central Brazilian
Cerrado. More than an attempt to distinguish and classify Vila
Velha’s present and past types of landscape, the research tries
to contribute to the knowledge regarding the evolution of the
Araucaria Highlands Morphoclimatic Area. The methodology
consists of analyzing palaeopalinologic data and proposing
hypothesis concerning the origins of Southern Brazilian Hi-ghlands landscape.

У пропонованому довідковому виданні висвітлено історію географічного факультету Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка. Показано сучасний стан навчально-методичної, науково-дослідної, громадсько-виховної роботи, видавничої діяльності факультету. Охарактеризовано структурні підрозділи факультету. Подані бібліографічні дані відомих випускників факультету.
Для наукових працівників, викладачів, студентів, випускників факультету, майбутніх абітурієнтів й всіх зацікавлених.

... Anna Brusarosco 1 – Sandro Rossato 2 – Luca Ziliani 1 1: Scuola di Dottorato in Scienze Storiche – Indirizzo Uomo e Ambiente – XXIII Ciclo ... DIPARTIMENTO DI GEOGRAFIA “G. MORANDINI” ORIGINI DELLA RICERCA: ✓ 12th European Seminar on Geography of Water ...

From ancient times its was known and recognized that there is no horrible fad of nature than the strong earthquake. Only when the ground strongly swings, the man realizes all the power of nature and his inability in front of unpredictable,
short-term and deadly earthquake, which for the moment kills hundreds and thousands of people and destroy their centuries-old achievements. Earthquakes with their horrible consequences, since immemorial time caused primeval fear within people and
animals. Element of nature has removed the human dwellings that were built so that they can resist, from the first, natural shelter - caves, to the present urban structures. Like water, fire, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes were attributed to supernatural forces - gods and their evil moods humanity.
Key words: earthquake, tsunami, seismology, seismic zone

Resumo: Nas relações entre homem e ambiente, o solo é de fundamental importância. Muitos problemas de uso da terra, tais como erosão, desertificação e infertilidade, por exemplo, requerem para serem solucionados, um estudo completo das características e origem dos solos. Além disso, os solos expressam diversos outros fatores do ambiente que podem constituir indícios da região natural. Para compreender estes indícios deve-se entender todos os outros fatores (biológicos, geológicos, químicos) que originam os solos, bem como os eventos naturais e humanos que os modificam. Neste sentido, o estudo foi realizado com o propósito de mapear e caracterizar os solos das ilhas Mutum e Porto Rico, no alto Rio Paraná, próximo ao município de Porto Rico - PR, através de interpretações de imagens de satélite, observações de campo e análises laboratoriais; apoiado nas relações de interdependências existentes entre os componentes do meio local, para o conhecimento de sua espacialização e funcionamento. Para realização do mapeamento utilizou-se a metodologia de sistema de malha, e além dos métodos para a classificação de solos, no estudo também foram aplicadas técnicas de sensoriamento remoto digital e geoprocessamento. Desta maneira foi possível a identificação, classificação e a produção do mapa de solos em escala 1:100.000 das ilhas Mutum e Porto Rico.

Abstract: In the relations between society and nature, the soil is fundamentally. Many problems of land use, such as erosion, desertification and infertility, for example, require to be solved, a complete study of the characteristics and origin of soils. Furthermore, soils express many other environmental factors that may be indicative of the natural region. To understand these evidences should be understood all other factors (biological, geological, chemical) that originate the soil and the natural and human events that modify it. The study was conducted with the purpose of mapping and characterization of the soils located at Mutum and Porto Rico islands, at upper Paraná River, near the city Puerto Rico - PR, through interpretations of satellite images, observations of field and laboratory analysis, supported in the relations of interdependence between the components of the site, to the knowledge of its spatially and functioning. For completion of the mapping was used the methodology of mesh system and in addition to the methods for the classification of soils, in the study were also applied techniques of digital remote sensing and geoprocessing. This way was possible the identification, classification and production of soil maps in scale 1:100,000 of Mutum and Porto islands.

In the last years the demand of activated carbons for environmental remediation and medical applications has been growing. This situation has stimulated the study of new precursors for the synthesis of these adsorbents. This work shows the kinetic parameters of activation process of Marabou Wood (Leptoptilus Crumeniferus) using a simple mathematical model. These parameters were compared with ones corresponding to other tropical biomasses studied under similar conditions. To conduct the study, a thermo-gravimetric analysis was carried out in steam water. The study was carried on from room temperature to 1000°C with a heating rate of 10° C/min, additionally; the crystallinity was determined by X-rays diffraction analysis. The characterization of the activated carbon was carried out through parameters that provide an indirect measure of the mechanical resistance. Interesting correlations for the analyzed thermal conversion processes were also obtained.

Розглянуто актуальні проблеми виникнення, формування, антропогенної трансформації та зникнення сучасних геосистем межиріччя Західного Бугу, Рати і Солокії. Особливу увагу присвячено дослідженню умов формування Яструбецької дельти як нехарактерної для регіону ділянки річкової долини Західного Бугу. На основі ретроспективно-географічного аналізу літературних і картографічних джерел XVIII–ХХ ст. поетапно простежено умови розвитку геосистем Яструбецької дельти та оточуючих ландшафтів межиріччя. У другій частині статті продовжено аналіз великомасштабних (1 : 25 000) картографічних творів, зокрема дешифровано австрійські карти Третього топографічного знімання (1869–1887), польські карти Військового географічного інституту (1929–1939) і радянські карти Генерального штабу СРСР (1968–1989). Огляд топографічних карт останніх трьох з п’яти історико-географічних зрізів дав змогу дослідити та інтерпретувати умови функціонування і розвитку малополіських ландшафтів у другій половині XІХ – другій половині ХХ ст. Для уточнення географічної і ландшафтно-екологічної ситуації використано карти масштабу 1 : 50 000 – 1 : 300 000. Проаналізовано головні тенденції трансформації ландшафтів межиріччя Західного Бугу, Рати і Солокії за останні 240 років. Найкраще напрям перетворення природних умов відображають зміни у річковій мережі та залісненості і заболоченості території. Результати аналізу картографічних матеріалів засвідчують обміління і пересихання більшості русел і рукавів Західного Бугу та його приток, передусім у межах Яструбецької дельти, та суттєве скорочення заліснених і заболочених площ. Actual problems of origin, formation, anthropogenic transformation and disappearance modern geosystems between Western Bug, Rata and Solokia rivers are considered. Special attention devoted to formation conditions research of Yastrubetska Delta as uncharacteristic for region of the Western Bug river valley. Based on retrospective-geographic analysis of literature and cartographic sources of the XVIII–XX centuries are traced stages of the Yastrubetska delta geosystems development and surrounding landscapes of between-river basin. In the second part of article analyzes the large-scale (1 : 25,000) cartographic works, in particular, the Austrian maps of the Third Topographic Survey (1869–1887), the Polish maps of the Military Geographical Institute (1929–1939) and the USSR Soviet General Staff maps (1968–1989). An overview of last three of five historical and geographical stages topographic maps made it possible to investigate and interpret conditions of Male Polissia landscapes functioning and development in second half of XIX-th – second half of XX-th centuries. Maps of scale 1 : 50,000 – 1 : 300,000 used for clarifying geographical and landscape-ecological situation. The main tendencies of Western Bug, Rata and Solokia rivers interfluve landscapes transformation for the last 240 years was analyzed. The best indicator for natural conditions transformation are changes in river network, forestation and territory bogging. The analysis of cartographic materials shows that the majority of channels and distributaries of Western Bug and its tributaries, especially within limits of Yastrubetska Delta and a significant reduction of forested areas and wetlands.

Resumo: A paisagem natural de João Pessoa mistura praias paradisíacas, falésias, recifes, entre outros elementos naturais, sendo conhecido destino turístico balneário. Adicionado a isto, possui um Centro Histórico com edificações que datam dos primórdios da colonização, refletindo um período histórico concernente à ocupação dos portugueses. Assim, a natureza privilegiada, associada ao patrimônio cultural importante, resulta na apropriação deste ambiente costeiro, com a consequente evolução urbana que data do século XVI. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a percepção que viajantes que estiveram na Capitania da Parahyba possuíam acerca do ambiente físico que foi primordial para a consolidação e expansão urbana da capital, resultando em sua paisagem cultural. Para isto, recorreu ‑se a uma farta documentação iconográfica elaborada durante no período, com o papel de instigar as comunidades atuais a uma redescoberta de sua identidade e raízes que estão vinculadas aos elementos físicos do espaço. The cultural landscape of the Parahyba Captaincy, Brazil, from the look of the colonial period iconography Abstract: The natural landscape of João Pessoa mixes beautiful beaches, cliffs, reefs, and other natural elements, being a famous touristic destiny. Added to this, it has a historic center with oldest buildings in the country, reflecting a historical period concerning the occupation and conquest of the portuguese people. Thus, the privileged nature, associated with important cultural heritage, results in the appropriation of this coastal environment, with the consequent urban development dating from the XVI century. The objective of this paper is to present the perception that travelers who have been in the Captaincy of Parahyba had about the physical environment which was essential for the consolidation of capital and urban expansion resulting in its cultural landscape. For this, it was resorted to a rich iconographic documentation produced during the period, with the role of instigating the current communities to a rediscovery of their identity and roots that are linked to physical elements of space. A Paisagem Cultural consiste na importância do meio natural, na forma das grandes paisagens naturais, como as planícies fluviais, as montanhas, os desertos, as cavernas, o solo e clima favorável, enquanto elementos da geodiversidade, para o estabelecimento do ser humano em um determinado terreno. Considerando a paisagem como um componente cultural do território em que se misturam elementos naturais e antrópicos, a percepção de seu valor cultural pode ser identificada através de expressões artísticas específicas, como música, pintura, poesia, entre outros (Panizza; Piacente, 2008: 5). Para a UNESCO, tais paisagens representam " o trabalho combinado do homem e da natureza " , segundo seu Art. 1º. Coelho (1992) conceituou, de maneira genérica, Patrimônio a partir desta mesma ótica integrada entre os bens, materiais e imateriais, produzidos pela sociedade e o papel da natureza como matéria prima para o homem ou pela sua beleza estética.

Il paesaggio fisico è espressione degli stretti legami fra natura e società. Le sue forme rappresentano simboli visibili del continuo succedersi di sistemi naturali e antropici, e testimoniano la reciproca influenza tra storia della Terra e storia dell'Uomo, tra attività umane e geomorfologia: il paesaggio è quindi un organismo vivo nel tempo, un vero e proprio contenitore di memoria.
Se da un lato il paesaggio può essere visto come un dialogo tra attività umane e geomorfologia, dall'altro il coinvolgimento della società nello studio e nella conoscenza del paesaggio è di primaria importanza: solo così persone e comunità potranno vivere consapevolmente il territorio, comprendendone i limiti e le potenzialità. Lo studio del paesaggio può diventare la base per una vera educazione, legando l'individuo al proprio paesaggio ed ai valori che esso esprime, e può portare ad uno sviluppo sostenibile fondato su un rapporto equilibrato tra i bisogni sociali, l'attività economica e l'ambiente (Convenzione Europea del Paesaggio, Preambolo).
Infatti valorizzare significa anche sperimentare nuove strade, anche attraverso i rapporti affettivi ed emotivi con il paesaggio, trasferendo i risultati delle ricerche delle varie discipline coinvolte in un messaggio divulgativo ma rigorosamente scientifico (L. Gregori, 2010).
Si presenta il caso di studio dell'Ecomuseo della collina e del vino di castello di Serravalle (Valsamoggia, Bologna).

O reconhecimento do espaço constitui uma das atividades desenvolvidas nos trabalhos de campo. Embora classificados em diversas categorias e sob diversas óticas, sua adoção mostra-se muito útil no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Neste trabalho, busca-se apresentar um roteiro metodológico de trabalho de campo, com base na análise da paisagem de acordo com os princípios geossistêmicos propostos por Bertrand (2004), desenvolvido no Parque Nacional de Itatiaia (RJ), no Posto Avançado das Agulhas Negras. No roteiro, desenvolvido em campo, discutem-se processos morfoestruturais, morfoesculturais, intempéricos, evidências de processos paleoclimáticos, ações climáticas e suas relações com a cobertura vegetal. Conclui-se que os trabalhos de campo são atividades fundamentais na formação acadêmica, pois permitem tratar na prática os aspectos teóricos abordados em sala de aula. Palavras-chave: paisagem, geossistemas e trabalho de campo.