Pencil Drawings

History of the Graphite Pencil


The word pencil comes from the Latin lapis, which means stone. This name was given in relation to the graphite stone. The graphite pencil is one of the most used materials and perhaps the first one that we all took in our first attempts to capture something on a sheet of paper. It is a very versatile and sensitive material that can be used to take from a simple note or sketch to a work in greater detail. Being able to apply different values, intensities, and textures at the same time as having the possibility of being corrected since it is an erasable material. It is also adapted to be combined with other materials such as charcoal, watercolor and permanent colored pencils, watercolors, acrylics, India ink, pastels, tempera, giving the opportunity to create a drawing with greater expressive richness.
Professional artist Jay Greig uses graphite pencil to create detailer illustrations. His drawings have been exhibited both domestically and internationally, and have won a number of awards and recognitions. In this paper, the pencil artist explores the versatile use of graphite pencil.
Before graphite, it was drawn with pen or brush inks, charcoal, chalk or pastels, with metallic rods of silver, copper, lead or gold. However, the most frequent use of rods was lead and silver, and their line was more similar to an action of engraving than drawing. The traditional so-called "Silver tip" was made with a silver wire like those used for jewelry that was inserted into a wooden handle and there were models with two different tip ends. In turn, the Carson City pencil artist explains, the ends of the silver tip were generally rounded so as not to scratch the surface to be drawn, which had to be slightly rough so that it could more easily retain the silver particles, the lines that were obtained were very thin and of a light gray color, however with the passage of time they darkened towards a brown tone due to the formation of silver sulfide in contact with oxygen.
In the Middle Ages the silver tip was used directly on unprepared parchment manuscripts, but in the 14th century it was used with more success on prepared supports, using an imprinting based on rabbit's glue, authentic gesso and lead white and nowadays an acrylic-based gesso-based primer is used. There are records of silver-tipped rods made by the Romans and their use was already widespread during the Middle Ages by medieval copyists.
In the year 1400 Cennino Cennini in his work the "art book" gives a description of the use of the silver tip and the lead tip as well as the surfaces to work with these materials. The artistic development of the silver tip It is from the Renaissance and the late Gothic period, that is, when the printing media are developed and drawing is considered a work of art by itself. Among the artists who used this medium are: Jan Van Eyck, Leonardo Da Vinci, Hans Holbein, Albrecht Dürer, Hans Baldung, Rafael. By the 16th century, the silver tip was less and less used, because artists were looking for more gestural means, resorting to ink and pencil, which require less effort.
Some artists such as Hendrik Goltzius and Rembrandt van Rijn maintain the tradition of the silver point until the seventeenth century, the latter made several drawings with silver points on prepared vellum paper (, The vellum, from the old French Vélin is a type of parchment , to make the pages of a book or codex, characterized by its thinness, its durability and its smoothness. Strictly speaking, vellum should only be made of calfskin, but the term began to be used to designate a quality parchment very tall, regardless of what animal the skin it was made from. Today there is a modern imitation of "vellum paper" made of cotton) the best known is the portrait of his wife Saskia, 1633. At the end of the 18th century the silver tip was already obsolete. In the 19th century it was rediscovered and it was used mainly to make portraits and finally in the 20th century some of the renowned artists who used it were: Joseph Mede, Otto Dix and Franz Lenk.

Drawing Media. Each stcp-by-step portrait demonstration presents a different method of rendering form, texture, and light and shade in pencil, chalk, and charcoal. You'll see how form is rendered entirely with lines and strokes; how tone can be created by blending, so that pencil, chalk, and charcoal handle like paint; and finally, how lines, strokes, and blending can be combined. The demonstrations are executed on a variety of drawing papers to show you how the drawing surface influences the lone and texture of the portrait. These various techniques, drawing tools, and papers are dramatically illustrated by close-ups of sections of finished drawings, reproduced actual size.

drawing is one of the primary ways we catch our environmental
elements. It is the main fundamental expertise for some
specialists. Clearly a basic strategy, it depends on the relationship between what is portrayed and the visual arrangement - lines,
signs, and surfaces.

The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (National Museum, Oslo, Norway), owns about 750 drawings by Thomas Fearnley, a Norwegian romantic landscape painter. Examination of 190 pencil drawings by Fearnley enabled the identification of the drawing materials he carried on his extensive journeys through Europe. Watermark analysis confirmed that he bought his papers at local supplies and the results can serve as a basis for the attribution of drawings with unknown date to certain periods. The constant travelling on foot or in the coach required fixing of the delicate pencil drawings. Analysis using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on samples from two case studies identified milk as the fixative used by Fearnley. The different ageing behaviours of papers fixed with milk can be attributed to the presence of minute iron-containing particles. This research shed light on the material choices of itinerant artists in the first half of the 19th century and the ageing of drawings that were fixed with milk.

Prendiamo due modi di scrivere: la scrittura digitale propria della tastiera della macchina da scrivere e, in seguito, del computer, e la scrittura grafica che qui considero alla lettera, ovvero come scrittura con la matita in mano. Se la prima ha soppiantato la seconda, lo scrittore svizzero Robert Walser non ha mai smesso di utilizzarla.

A very Essential lessons on learning how to sketch for those who have interests in becoming;Artists,Video game designers,Cartoon artists,Special effects artists,Interior Designers,Fashion Designers,Surveyors, Engineers, Architects,Builders,Illustrators,Graphic designers,Computer designers, stage/stage designer etc.

A very Essential lessons on learning how to sketch for those who have interests in becoming;Artists,Video game designers,Cartoon artists,Special effects artists,Interior Designers,Fashion Designers,Surveyors, Engineers, Architects,Builders,Illustrators,Graphic designers,Computer designers, stage/stage designer etc.

A very Essential lessons on learning how to sketch for those who have interests in becoming;Artists,Video game designers,Cartoon artists,Special effects artists,Interior Designers,Fashion Designers,Surveyors, Engineers, Architects,Builders,Illustrators,Graphic designers,Computer designers, stage/stage designer etc.

A very Essential lessons on learning how to sketch for those who have interests in becoming;Artists,Video game designers,Cartoon artists,Special effects artists,Interior Designers,Fashion Designers,Surveyors, Engineers, Architects,Builders,Illustrators,Graphic designers,Computer designers, stage/stage designer etc.

A very Essential lessons on learning how to sketch for those who have interests in becoming;Artists,Video game designers,Cartoon artists,Special effects artists,Interior Designers,Fashion Designers,Surveyors, Engineers, Architects,Builders,Illustrators,Graphic designers,Computer designers, stage/stage designer etc.

A very Essential lessons on learning how to sketch for those who have interests in becoming;Artists,Video game designers,Cartoon artists,Special effects artists,Interior Designers,Fashion Designers,Surveyors, Engineers, Architects,Builders,Illustrators,Graphic designers,Computer designers, stage/stage designer etc.