Oral presentations

through the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Participants were evaluated at baseline (pre-test), at the end of the intervention (post-test) and following a detraining period of 12 weeks after the end of the intervention (re-test). Land-based, water-based, and control groups were comparable in sex, sociodemographic characteristics, disease duration, drugs intake, and BMI. Age, tenderness, and baseline outcomes values were used as covariates in the comparisons of the changes from baseline (post-test vs. pre-test and re-test vs. pre-test) between groups Results: Post-intervention changes from baseline in QOL dimensions in the landbased exercise group were better for physical role (compared to the control and water-based groups; all, p<0.01), bodily pain, general health, social function, emotional role, mental health, and mental component (compared to the control group; all, p£0.05). Post-intervention changes from baseline in the water-based exercise group were not statistically significant compared to land-based or control groups (p>0.05). After a detraining period of 12 weeks, changes in QOL from baseline in the landbased exercise group were better for physical role, bodily pain (compared to the control and water-based exercise groups; all, p<0.01), physical function and physical component (compared to the water-based exercise group; all p<0.05). No significant changes in QOL after the detraining period from baseline were observed in the water-based exercise group compared to land-based or control groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: A land-based exercise intervention improved FM patients' QOL, whereas a water-based exercise intervention showed no significant effect. Improvements in the physical role and bodily pain domains of QOL were sustained in a 12-week detraining period. Land-based exercise might be an easily accessible treatment option that improves QOL to a greater extent than waterbased exercise for FM patients.

This chapter presents a pedagogical model for a graduate academic oral communication course taught at a new Sino-American joint-venture university. The course implements a processorientated approach involving three primary components to develop academic presentation skills: performative habit building, interdisciplinary audience awareness, and reflection. The course is built around five presentations that lead to a conference-style presentation open to the community. Frequent self-evaluation, teacher conferences, and peer feedback help students hone performative habits, develop audience awareness, and reflect on their learning. The course addresses some of the most prominent academic oral communication concerns of graduate students.

https://www.press.umich.edu/11631950/pedagogical_innovations_in_oral_academic_communication

This paper presents a teacher-led inquiry into learner language awareness and learner perceptions of: oral presentations using first language (L1) support when using a second language (L2); and L2 learner and user identity. The quantitative-based results of this preliminary inquiry represent a source of understanding for the researcher, who later, intends to undertake a qualitative-based study of learner oriented language awareness and speaking assessment. A questionnaire was distributed to 144 Japanese first and second year tertiary students who completed a semester course in general and academic English. A cross-sectional analysis was applied to the questionnaire results which aimed to gather student perceptions of the use of and identity with a L2, that is, English. Key findings from the exploration of learner perceptions in this research included the acceptance of spoken errors when giving oral presentations and a sense of ownership of English among the participants. This research presents learner perceptions that may prompt teachers to consider conducting language awareness research with their students with the aim of reflecting upon the modification of traditional speaking assessment practices.

Oral presentations are a common form of summative assessment in tertiary level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) syllabi. There will be an array of teaching and learning elements to be considered by a teacher in their set-up and execution of an ICT-based oral presentation activity that goes beyond having students stand in front of a class group and talk about a subject. Teaching effective oral presentation skills to university-level learners requires an understanding of how to maximize learning opportunities to persuasively convey a message orally and visually to an audience.

This small-scale qualitative study aimed at identifying factors and the extent of their influence upon the learning experiences of first year Japanese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) undergraduate students in a group work oriented oral presentation using English as the language of communication. Research findings were obtained from students through their participation in written self-reflection and a semi-structured focus group interview. This study found that informal self- and peer assessment influenced oral presentation learning experiences for participants. In relation to group work, participants identified the main influences of group work on their learning experiences resulting from: learning experiences in connection with other group members and other groups, the value of prior experiences of presenting; and teacher support. Additionally, participants felt that working in a group could provide support and reduced performance pressure; and that observing other student groups was beneficial to individual learning.

This study examines the possibilities of including students in the assessment process and the conclusions drawn from the experiences of the academic year 2004±05. The fieldwork focuses on examining the reliability of the marks given by students in relation to those given by the lecturer. Similarly, the marks given by the subject lecturer are examined with those assigned by four external markers. In each presentation the assessment of several markers is also studied, whether they are students or lecturers. The results obtained seem to indicate that students can be adequate markers for their peers' oral presentations. Also in their assessments, few significant differences are seen from those suggested by the subject lecturer.

Oncology patients from Outpatient areas. Radiotherapy treatment areas. Oak Road Treatment Centre.. Community Macmillan direct referrals A bespoke proforma was completed after each consultation by the treating clinician. 413 ambulatory patient reviews took place over a 6 month period. An in depth analysis has been conducted of 236 new patient referrals between January and June 2017. Overall results show a significant impact on patient outcomes, with 21% avoided admissions, 25% facilitated early discharge and 43% avoided escalation of symptoms/GP review. Data analysis remains on going to assess readmission statistics; in particular an analysis of early OAU discharges, facilitated by the ESC clinic review of low risk neutropenic patients. The service currently operates two clinics a week on Monday and Thursday afternoons. A business case has been submitted proposing service expansion to operate daily clinics. As the first cancer centre to implement this service, we have welcomed oncology teams from other centres across the UK, enhancing practice elsewhere.

Watching student speeches can be exhausting for both EFL students and teachers, if speeches are not properly set up with audience goals and tasks to keep students engaged. In this paper I present a way to engage a classroom audience and create student confidence, the Audience Involvement Approach to Teaching Public Speaking (Maher, 2015). Through this approach, students become more participatory and involved in the speech-giving process. The approach includes, first, modeling and videos on how to give proper oral presentations. During the speeches, audience members are given a role with specific tasks. Examples of roles include uh-oh expert, eye contact guru, and facial expressions observer. As students focus on the modeling and then give impromptu presentations focusing on minor tasks, they become involved and engaged in the speech-giving process, as well as improve their techniques for giving oral presentations. 聞き手としての目標や課題が的確にセットアップされていない場合、 クラスメートや生徒の演説への興味がなくなったり、内 容に集中できなくなることは時々ある。本論文は上手な聞き方の練習を通じて、生徒がより積極的なプレゼンの聞き手、発表 者になる方法を説明する。本論文はAudience Involvement Approach to Teaching Public Speaking（Maher, 2015)と名 付けられた新しい方法を中心に、聞き手の立場から始め、演説のスキルを高めるアプローチである。たとえば、生徒がプレゼ ンのお手本を見る時に「Uh-oh専門家」、 「アイコンタクトの第一人者」、 「表情のオブザーバー」、 等のタスクや役割が与えられ る。 他人の演説に反応を示し、興味を持ち、 目を止める事で自分のプレゼンテーションのテクニックが磨かれる事に繋がる。 T he purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a method of involving the audience, increasing their confidence and giving them a reason to be involved in watching their peers give oral presentations or student speeches. The inspiration for this method came from teaching public speaking and observing the boredom of other students when watching their peers present. Over time, I developed classroom techniques to interest the audience and implemented them into the semester coursework. Much of this was immediately transferable to other classroom situations that had an oral presentation or public speaking component. I taught public speaking predominately at the university level in three countries—Japan, South Korea, and China. In all situations, the university courses were for one semester, and regardless whether the public speaking component was only a small component of the overall course or continued over an entire semester, these skills could be effectively taught in a very short time period. In fact, I condensed teaching the skills involved in the method into one week, so as to get some written feedback about this method from students.

survival rates at CCHE were inferior; 79.9% for ALL; 53.8% for AML; 56.5% for Neuroblastoma; 56.4% for Hepatoblastoma; 49.1% for Osteosarcoma. Trends in age-adjusted mortality-rates will presented. Conclusions Studying 5-year survival in childhood cancer health outcomes at CCHE would help generate real-world evidence about those having inferior outcomes and identify priority areas that need future improvements. Making better use of the evidence generated at CCHE would enhance real-world practice through making informed decisions that are adapted to a local context setting-CCHE.

Table 1. In-group comparison before and after the study Before After p Median (IQR 25/75) Median (IQR 25/75) Exercise Group (n=21) Peak Power (W) 354.73 (267.59/471.55) 441.3 (295.2/636.9) 0.002* Peak Power (W/kg) 6.74 (5.44/8.94) 7.7 (6.4/9.7) 0.001* Average Power (W) 291.5 (188.78/359.61) 360.0 (220.4/446.4) 0.001* Average Power (W/kg) 5.54 (4.07/6.88) 6.0 (4.8/7.4) 0.002* Control Group (n=21) Peak Power (W) 355.57 (225.43/463.62) 366.7 (236.3/447.8) 0.259 Peak Power (W/kg) 6.69 (5.80/7.83) 7.3 (6.1/8.1) 0.232 Average Power (W) 261.04 (181.68/351.27) 284.8 (187.8/373.0) 0.050 Average Power (W/kg) 5.29 (4.

We also observed an increased expression of PDL2 on RA-B10 + cells compared to HC-B10 + cells that could explain this effect on Th1 differentiation. Conclusions IL-10 secretion can be an interesting marker to define Breg subsets acting on regulatory T cell differentiation. Thus, increasing the number of B10 + cells, seems a promising therapeutic strategy especially in patients who lack the most of Treg cells. Additional markers are needed to define which subset of Breg cells can control inflammatory response. The role of PD1/PDL2 in B10 + cell function might also open new insights.

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease primarily affecting the sacroiliac joints and spine, causing pain, stiffness and loss of mobility and function. These manifestations can severely impair patients' quality of life (QoL). 1 Dual neutralisation of IL-17F in addition to IL-17A has been shown to reduce inflammation to a greater extent than inhibition of IL-17A alone in disease-relevant cell models. 2 Results previously reported from this Phase 2b study (NCT02963506) demonstrated that, during the 12-week double-blind treatment period, bimekizumab provided substantial clinical improvements in disease outcome measures, including Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society 40% (ASAS40), in patients with active AS. 3 Objectives: To assess the impact of bimekizumab on patient-reported and QoL outcomes at Week 12 in patients with active AS. Methods: In this 48-week Phase 2b study (double blind to Week 12 then dose blind to Week 48), 303 patients with active AS (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI] !4; spinal pain !4 [0-10 numerical rating scale]), fulfilling the modified New York criteria, were randomised 1:1:1:1:1 to receive subcutaneous bimekizumab 16mg, 64mg, 160mg, 320mg or placebo Q4W for 12 weeks. Prior exposure to one anti-TNF therapy was permitted. Secondary and other endpoints included: BASDAI, !50% improvement in BASDAI (BASDAI 50), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) and Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PGADA) at Week 12. Safety was also assessed. Results: Overall, 297 (98.0%) patients completed the 12-week double-blind period. Baseline scores on patient-reported and QoL outcomes were similar across treatment groups (Table). At Week 12, BASDAI 50 was achieved by 23.7-47.5% of bimekizumab-treated patients versus 11.9% receiving placebo. All bimekizumab doses were associated with greater reductions in individual BASDAI components, including: fatigue (range:-1.6 to-2.5 vs-0.8); neck, back or hip pain (-2.0 to-3.3 vs-1.2); discomfort due to tenderness to touch or pressure (-1.6 to-3.0 vs-1.1); level of morning stiffness (-2.5 to-3.5 vs-1.2) and duration of morning stiffness (-1.7 to-3.3 vs-1.4) (Table). Compared with placebo, greater reductions from baseline were also achieved with bimekizumab for BASFI (-1.4 to-2.2 vs-0.6), ASQoL (-2.3 to-4.6 vs-1.3) and PGADA (-1.9 to-3.3 vs-1.0). The overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was 89/243 (36.6%) for bimekizumab-treated patients versus 23/60 (38.3%) for placebo; the majority were of mild or moderate intensity. No unexpected safety findings were observed. Conclusion: Dual neutralisation of IL-17A and IL-17F with bimekizumab was associated with improvements in patient-reported and QoL outcomes including pain, fatigue and tenderness in patients with active AS after 12 weeks of treatment. No new safety findings were observed versus previous studies of bimekizumab. 3,4

In patients total and active patients, eotaxin correlated with DLCO% (0.39 and 0.52). In inactive patients, MIP1b correlated with DLCO% (0.47). In patients total, IP-10 correlated with any HRCT finding and airways disease (0.37 and 0.44); which were also present in active patients (0.34 and 0.61). In patients total, MCP-1 correlated with any HRCT finding and calcinosis (0.34 and 0.40); in active patients MCP-1 and calcinosis correlated (0.34). Eotaxin correlated with ILD in both patients total and active patients (0.37 and 0.38). The following cytokines correlated with HRCT findings in inactive patients only; IL-17 with any HRCT findings and ILD (0.61 and 0.52), MIP1a with any HRCT findings (0.63) and IL-5 with ILD (-0.42). Conclusion: In JDM, lung involvement was associated with mainly proinflammatory cytokines in active and profibrotic/proinflammatory cytokines in inactive patients. The association between higher eotaxin and better gas diffusion was interesting, since we have previously demonstrated an association between higher eotaxin and cardiac dysfunction (Ref 2).

Forms of artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning-based systems, are rapidly making their way into healthcare. The recent rise of machine learning—especially the development of deep neural networks—has rapidly improved AI’s ability to identify patterns: machine learning systems seem to perform better than older AI systems, including for diagnosis and screening. The last two years have seen developments including: the production of an algorithm more accurate than standard approaches in predicting cardiovascular event risk; algorithms granted EU and US regulatory approval for use in screening mammography; and the launch of direct-to-consumer device-based AIs (e.g. to detect atrial fibrillation). Much of this is occurring in the private sector, producing proprietary, for profit products that claim excellent performance but are not explainable to users. The data-driven approaches underpinning these systems rely on the availability of existing diagnostic data; problems in these data are reflected in the new systems. For example, data can include duplicates, there are often missing data, and data sets may not include all the features needed to drive AI performance. For some forms of AI, existing diagnostic data need to be manually labelled by clinicians to provide a ‘ground truth’ for machines to learn from. The quality of this ‘ground truth’ is an important potential source of bias, arising from the existing biases of clinicians, regional practice variation, or even systematic prejudice or discrimination in practice: without deliberate intervention, machine learning algorithms will diagnose future cases in ways that encode existing biases. Neural network approaches to machine learning also have a ‘black box’ problem: it is difficult for humans to determine exactly how they make decisions. This introduces particular risks in relying solely on neural network algorithms. Academic, government and non-government organisations, and to some extent the technology sector, have recently begun asking hard questions about the ethical, legal and social implications of these technologies. Surprisingly little of this activity has paid close attention to machine learning in healthcare. Our research group is beginning work in this area. We will review developments in machine learning for screening and diagnosis, and discuss these in light of key ethical, legal and social questions being raised in the general AI ethics literature. These include: the likely effect of diagnostic and screening AI on the relationship between providers and patients and on professional roles; attribution of responsibility for diagnoses made using AI; how diagnostic and screening AI should be regulated; addressing bias and conflicts of interest in proprietary algorithms; and understanding the impact of AI upon health inequities and public trust in healthcare. A key theme cutting across these issues is the apparent potential of AI to both increase and reduce overdiagnosis, and even reconceptualise disease itself. The overdiagnosis community is well-placed to draw on lessons from past missteps in diagnostic and screening test and program evaluation, and to guide the development of diagnostic and screening AI. Attending carefully to these issues now, before widespread implementation, is a necessary step to maximise benefit and minimise harms from these technologies.

cases had at least one traceable contact with confirmed attendance, and 122 had contacts testing positive. WGS confirmed links between traceable contacts in 82 cases. Reasons for unconfirmed links include contacts testing elsewhere and testing NAAT positive, culture negative. Untraceable contacts were reported in 157 cases; WGS provided possible links in 83, with confirmation in only six, given inherent information unavailability. Cases were grouped into 123 clusters, with eight containing >10 patients. Examination of clusters highlighted gaps in partner finding, including clusters containing heterosexual females with identical strains but no male; heterosexual males with identical strains who reported female sex worker contact; confirmed instances of partner underreporting; and 35 cases with multiple partners but no genetically related case. Conclusion WGS has the potential to improve gonorrhoea PN and control by identifying new links and clusters with significant gaps in partner finding, where PN can be enhanced. Its utility will improve with larger databases. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Background Changes in population demographics and greater demand for palliative care are placing increased pressure on general practitioners (GPs) to support patients and families near the end of life. There is little research on how community pharmacists (CPs) contribute and collaborate in the care of palliative care patients in the primary healthcare team. The aim of this study was to determine views of healthcare professionals on the CPs' role in palliative care. Methods In-depth qualitative semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 16 community healthcare professionals. Participants were recruited through e-bulletins, email, team leaders and hospice team within Sheffield. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the Framework method following an inductive and iterative thematic process. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Bradford. Results 5 CPs, 3 GPs, 5 community nurses, 2 palliative care team members, and 1 intermediate care team member consented to interview. Two main themes emerged: timely access to palliative medicines and the CP's role in palliative care. There was poor understanding of the CP's professional role and pharmacy services of potential benefit to palliative care patients with nurses and GPs holding a traditional view of CPs in the dispensing and safe supply of medication. The CP's role was limited due to reluctance from other healthcare professionals to share information, poor access to patient records and a lack of integration into the primary healthcare team. Conclusion Despite the national direction to increase the CPs involvement in palliative care, they remain a largely untapped resource for supporting patients and families towards the end of life due to a lack of integration into primary healthcare teams.

Background Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is India's flagship programme for infant and young child health, nutrition and development. Supplementary Nutrition Programme (SNP) is one of the core components of ICDS. Balbhog (Energy Dense Micronutrient Fortified Extruded Blended Food) is provided as Take Home Ration (THR) to children 7 months to 3 years (7 packets to normal weight and 10 packets to severe underweight). Pregnant women, nursing mothers and adolescent girls are given Sukhdi (1 packet of 1 kg/ month), Sheera (3 packets of 500 g each) and Upma (2 packets of 500 g each). Methods We surveyed 360 mothers in three tribal blocks-Limkheda, Dahod, and Jhalodof Dahod district, Gujarat. Participants' awareness, receipt and consumption of THR were assessed using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Trained surveyors were accompanied by tribal community members to facilitate conversation in local dialect with mothers or caregivers of children 0-24 months of age. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the key findings. Findings Nearly 94% (n=338) mothers did not know how many packets of Balbhog they are entitled for children over 6 months as per ICDS norms. Among those eligible (n=264) for receiving Balbhog, 60.3% (n=159) received less than 7 packets during the past month; 47.3% (n=125) reported they disked the taste and 80% (n=101) fed it to livestock. Only 19% (n=50) of children eventually consumed Balbhog, of which more than 90% (n=46) shared it with other family members. Nearly 94% of mothers were not aware of how many packets of Sukhdi, Sheera and Upma pregnant and nursing of mothers were entitled to. About 76% (n=239) and 87% (n=272) of mothers reported Sukhdi and Sheera to be of good taste, while 63.6% (n=194) reported Upma to be not good in taste. Of 254, 266 and 140 mothers who consumed Sukhdi, Sheera and Upma respectively, only 15% (n=38), 12% (n=32) and 12% (n=17) consumed it exclusively, while the others shared the packets with other family members. Among those who didn't like the taste of Upma, 82% (n=159) used it for cattle feed. No mothers were aware of the self-record section provided in Mamta Card (mother and child health tracking document) for recording monthly THR received under the SNP. Discussion and recommendations The first volume of the Evaluation Study on Integrated Child Development Schemes by the Programmed Evaluation Organization reports on complaints about quality and quantity of food provided under SNP. The report mentions wide divergences between official statistics on nutritional status, registered beneficiaries, number (norms) of days Abstracts

Poisson regression models were used to determine factors associated with recovery. Results Overall, 5,887 LE injuries were reported. Expected TL after LE injury differed across gender (p<0.0001), division (p<0.0001), season (p=0.001), and injury site (p<0.0001), conditional on the random effect (i.e. latent severity). Expected TL after LE injury in women's basketball was 50% higher than men's basketball for injuries of similar severity. Expected TL in Division I athletes was 56% lower than Division III athletes. Expected TL for hip/groin, lower leg/Achilles, and thigh injuries was lower than ankle injuries; knee injuries had 95% higher TL than ankle injuries. No TL differential was observed between injuries of different mechanisms or surfaces. Conclusions There were several factors that had an impact on the recovery process following LE injury. Female athletes had a longer recovery time on average compared to their male counterparts. Recovery was shorter for DI athletes compared to DIII. Knee injuries had the longest expected recovery time of LE injuries. Significance and contributions to injury and violence prevention and science Modeling TL as a count of days lost is a novel and clinically meaningful method of examining injury recovery. This approach can lead to context-specific injury recovery and rehabilitation strategies to aid in safely returning athletes to participation.

beta-catenin (Wnt). These pathways are known to play a role in normal joint development, but are also involved in inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis. Consistently, we observed that HOTAIR and targeted genes were selectively downregulated by TNF-a suggesting a role of HOTAIR in the joint specific regulation of TNF-a mediated inflammatory arthritis.

Table 1. In-group comparison before and after the study Before After p Median (IQR 25/75) Median (IQR 25/75) Exercise Group (n=21) Peak Power (W) 354.73 (267.59/471.55) 441.3 (295.2/636.9) 0.002* Peak Power (W/kg) 6.74 (5.44/8.94) 7.7 (6.4/9.7) 0.001* Average Power (W) 291.5 (188.78/359.61) 360.0 (220.4/446.4) 0.001* Average Power (W/kg) 5.54 (4.07/6.88) 6.0 (4.8/7.4) 0.002* Control Group (n=21) Peak Power (W) 355.57 (225.43/463.62) 366.7 (236.3/447.8) 0.259 Peak Power (W/kg) 6.69 (5.80/7.83) 7.3 (6.1/8.1) 0.232 Average Power (W) 261.04 (181.68/351.27) 284.8 (187.8/373.0) 0.050 Average Power (W/kg) 5.29 (4.

Oncology patients from Outpatient areas. Radiotherapy treatment areas. Oak Road Treatment Centre.. Community Macmillan direct referrals A bespoke proforma was completed after each consultation by the treating clinician. 413 ambulatory patient reviews took place over a 6 month period. An in depth analysis has been conducted of 236 new patient referrals between January and June 2017. Overall results show a significant impact on patient outcomes, with 21% avoided admissions, 25% facilitated early discharge and 43% avoided escalation of symptoms/GP review. Data analysis remains on going to assess readmission statistics; in particular an analysis of early OAU discharges, facilitated by the ESC clinic review of low risk neutropenic patients. The service currently operates two clinics a week on Monday and Thursday afternoons. A business case has been submitted proposing service expansion to operate daily clinics. As the first cancer centre to implement this service, we have welcomed oncology teams from other centres across the UK, enhancing practice elsewhere.

Background National survey data provides information regarding undernutrition among children under 5 years of age, but there is a big gap in data on school-age children, despite evidence that hunger and malnutrition significantly affect learning outcomes and are critically linked to social determinants such as caste, class and gender. The present paper is based on the study 'Do we know what they eat and why? A study on school-level dietary adequacy and impact of cultural beliefs on dietary choice', examining the prevalence of malnutrition and their associated social determinants among school-going children in three districts of Karnataka. Methods Our study population consisted of government primary school children (both boys and girls) attending grade 1-5 in HD Kote taluk (Mysore), Shorapur (Yadgir) and North block (Mandya), Karnataka. We applied a cross-sectional design. Sample size was 5,340 children from 100 schools across three districts. Schools were randomly selected. Children not present on the day of examination were excluded from the study. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Study variables were height and weight of the children, plus their gender, caste and age. Ethical approval was taken from relevant authority. Findings Nutritional outcomes were measured using WHO references for 5-19 years: BMI-forage (underweight) and height-forage (stunting). Overall 29.7% of the children were underweight and 26.2% stunted. The distribution of underweight was similar across the districts but stunting was significantly higher at Yadgir (34%).

Background National survey data provides information regarding undernutrition among children under 5 years of age, but there is a big gap in data on school-age children, despite evidence that hunger and malnutrition significantly affect learning outcomes and are critically linked to social determinants such as caste, class and gender. The present paper is based on the study 'Do we know what they eat and why? A study on school-level dietary adequacy and impact of cultural beliefs on dietary choice', examining the prevalence of malnutrition and their associated social determinants among school-going children in three districts of Karnataka. Methods Our study population consisted of government primary school children (both boys and girls) attending grade 1-5 in HD Kote taluk (Mysore), Shorapur (Yadgir) and North block (Mandya), Karnataka. We applied a cross-sectional design. Sample size was 5,340 children from 100 schools across three districts. Schools were randomly selected. Children not present on the day of examination were excluded from the study. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Study variables were height and weight of the children, plus their gender, caste and age. Ethical approval was taken from relevant authority. Findings Nutritional outcomes were measured using WHO references for 5-19 years: BMI-forage (underweight) and height-forage (stunting). Overall 29.7% of the children were underweight and 26.2% stunted. The distribution of underweight was similar across the districts but stunting was significantly higher at Yadgir (34%).

the upcoming year (e.g., scripting sessions on microaggressions, inclusion of EDI items on all medical education evaluations, assessments, and QI projects) (figures 2, 3, and 4). Support has been strong and widespread across all medical education stakeholders with PDSA implementation cycles already initiated including metrics tracking. Conclusions As medical educators, it is imperative that we work to address individual and structural EDI 'isms' that limit the potential of our trainees, faculty, programs and ultimately the care of our patients. Aggregating actions using IHI model for improvement across medical education creates opportunity for synergies and impact beyond what any individual department (UME, GME, CME) can do alone.

To evaluate utility of risk stratification strategy in predicting outcomes in CTD-PAH patients by post-hoc analysis of prospectivelycollectedAMBITION data. Methods: This study examined 216 patients with CTD (COMB; n=117: MONO n=99) enrolled in the AMBITION study mITT population. The most common underlying CTD etiology was SSc (n=137). Abbreviated average risk score 5) was determined at baseline and at 16 weeks based on 6-minute walking distance, NT-proBNP, and WHO-FC. Time to clinical failure (TtCF) was compared between groups stratified by the risk stratification and/or treatment assignment using the log-rank test. Results: At baseline, CTD patients were divided into low (n=27, 12.5%), intermediate (n=179, 82.9%), and high risk (n=10, 4.6%) and at Week 16, subjects were classified as low (n=55, 27.9%), intermediate (n=135, 68.5%), and high risk (n=7, 3.6%). Risk of clinical failure was lowest for subjects in the baseline low risk group and highest in the baseline high risk group. When TtCF was compared between COMB and MONO arms of CTD-PAH patients in individual risk groups at baseline, risk of clinical failure event was lower in COMB than in MONO in the low and the intermediate risk groups (P=0.05, hazard ratio [HR] NA due to no event in COMB, and P= 0.02, HR 0.519, 95%CI 0.297-0.905, respectively), however, no difference in the high risk group was observed. The same analysis was conducted using risk stratification at week 16, resulting in a 93% risk reduction in TtCF after Week 16 in COMB, compared with MONO in the low risk group (P<0.001, HR 0.069, 95%CI 0.009-0.548), but no difference between COMB and MONO in the intermediate risk group (P=0.3). Risk of clinical failure event was comparable between patients with low and intermediate risk after 16 weeks of treatment with MONO. Conclusion: A simplified risk stratification at baseline and week 16 may be useful in predicting PAH related outcomes in patients with CTD-PAH. Among those achieving a low risk status at week 16, which could be considered a treatment goal, COMBO was associated with an improved outcome, when compared to MONO.