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Situations in which rewards are unexpectedly obtained or withheld represent opportunities for new learning. Often, this learning includes identifying cues that predict reward availability. Unexpected rewards strongly activate midbrain... more
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      Cognitive ScienceRewardOptogeneticsCues
What is the nature of the vascular architecture in the cortex that allows the brain to meet the energy demands of neuronal computations? We used high-throughput histology to reconstruct the complete angioarchitecture and the positions of... more
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      NeuroscienceCognitive ScienceBrain MappingStroke
Although common sense tells us that no two brains are identical, a series of experimental strategies has evolved, on the basis of studies into the influence of controlled variables on neuronal or network function, that are designed to... more
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      Cognitive ScienceCrustaceaNeuronal NetworkNature Neuroscience
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      NeurosciencePhysiologyCognitive SciencePsychophysics
Two objects that project the same visual angle on the retina can appear to occupy very different proportions of the visual field if they are perceived to be at different distances. What happens to the retinotopic map in primary visual... more
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      Cognitive ScienceVisual perceptionMagnetic Resonance ImagingSpace perception
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      GeneticsCognitive ScienceIntelligenceNature
People and animals often demonstrate strong attraction or aversion to options with uncertain or risky rewards, yet the neural substrate of subjective risk preferences has rarely been investigated. Here we show that monkeys systematically... more
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      Cognitive ScienceAnimal BehaviorRisk TakingLinear models
The fate of cortical progenitors, which progressively generate neurons and glial cells during development, is determined by temporally and spatially regulated signaling mechanisms. We found that the transcription factor Sip1 (Zfhx1b),... more
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      Cognitive ScienceStem CellsNeurogenesisGene expression
A prominent model of how the brain regulates attention proposes that the anterior cingulate cortex monitors the occurrence of conflict between incompatible response tendencies and signals this information to a cognitive control system in... more
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      Cognitive ScienceDecision MakingCognitive ControlCognition
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      PsychologyCognitive ScienceMedicineSpace perception
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      Cognitive ScienceAnimal BehaviorSpace perceptionMemory
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      Cognitive ScienceMiceNature NeuroscienceReaction Time
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      Cognitive ScienceImplicit learningElectrophysiologyAttention
Sleep before learning benefits memory encoding through unknown mechanisms. We found that even a mild sleep disruption that suppressed slow-wave activity and induced shallow sleep, but did not reduce total sleep time, was sufficient to... more
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      Cognitive ScienceImplicit learningAgingElectroencephalography
nature neuroscience VOLUME 13 | NUMBER 8 | AUGUST 2010 9 2 3 B r i e f c o m m u n i c at i o n s
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      NeuroscienceCognitive ScienceTranscranial Magnetic StimulationPrefrontal Cortex
Little is known about the brain-wide correlation of electrophysiological signals. We found that spontaneous oscillatory neuronal activity exhibited frequency-specific spatial correlation structure in the human brain. We developed an... more
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      Cognitive ScienceMagnetoencephalographyBrain MappingCerebral Cortex
Extensive animal and recent human research have helped inform neuroendocrinological models of social cognition, motivation and behavior. In this review, we first summarize important findings regarding oxytocin, arginine vasopressin and... more
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      NeuroscienceCognitive ScienceCognitionNeuroendocrinology
Despite the numerous examples of anticipatory cognitive processes at micro and macro levels in many animal species, the idea that anticipation of specific words plays an integral role in real-time language processing has been contentious.... more
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      NeurosciencePhysiologyCognitive SciencePsychophysics
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      Mathematical SciencesNature Neuroscience
Perspective taking is an essential component in the mechanisms that account for intersubjectivity and agency. Mental simulation of action can be used as a natural protocol to explore the cognitive and neural processing involved in agency.... more
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      NeuroscienceCognitive ScienceCommunicationCognition
nature neurOSCIenCe advance online publication a r t I C l e S Neurodevelopmental disorders arise early in life and are often characterized by social deficits, impaired language development, intellectual disability, increased repetitive... more
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      Cognitive ScienceAnimal BehaviorSignal TransductionChemokines and chemokine receptors
Our perception of the world's three-dimensional (3D) structure is critical for object recognition, navigation and planning actions. To accomplish this, the brain combines different types of visual information about depth structure, but at... more
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      Cognitive ScienceMagnetic Resonance ImagingNatureSpace perception
Music, an abstract stimulus, can arouse feelings of euphoria and craving, similar to tangible rewards that involve the striatal dopaminergic system. Using the neurochemical specificity of [ 11 C]raclopride positron emission tomography... more
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      NeuroscienceCognitive ScienceMusicMagnetic Resonance Imaging
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      Cognitive ScienceDecision MakingAnimal BehaviorNature
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      PsychologyCognitive ScienceMedicinePrefrontal Cortex
The impulsive behavior that is often characteristic of adolescence may reflect underlying neurodevelopmental processes. Moreover, impulsivity is a multi-dimensional construct, and it is plausible that distinct brain networks contribute to... more
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      NeuroscienceCognitive ScienceBrain ImagingAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
1 0 7 8 VOLUME 15 | NUMBER 8 | AUGUST 2012 nature neuroscience f o c u s o n n e u r o -i m m u n e i n t e r a c t i o n s r e v i e w
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      NeuroscienceCognitive ScienceNatureStem Cell Transplantation
Depression is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and its treatment includes a high percentage of the medications prescribed by physicians. Available antidepressant drugs are safe and effective, but less than half of all patients... more
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      Cognitive ScienceCorticotropin Releasing HormoneNature NeuroscienceDrug Design
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      Cognitive ScienceNature NeuroscienceNeurosciences
It has been proposed that facial expression production originates in sensory regulation. Here we demonstrate that facial expressions of fear are configured to enhance sensory acquisition. A statistical model of expression appearance... more
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      Cognitive SciencePsychophysicsPerceptionFear
We combined psychophysical and transcranial magnetic stimulation studies to investigate the dynamics of action anticipation and its underlying neural correlates in professional basketball players. Athletes predicted the success of free... more
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      NeurosciencePhysiologyCognitive SciencePsychophysics
We present behavioral and anatomical evidence for a multi-component reading system in which different components are differentially weighted depending on culture-specific demands of orthography. Italian orthography is consistent, enabling... more
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      Cognitive ScienceCultureReadingLinguistics
The dentate gyrus (DG) is a region in the hippocampal formation whose function declines in association with human aging and is therefore considered to be a possible source of age-related memory decline. Causal evidence is needed, however,... more
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      Cognitive ScienceCognitionMagnetic Resonance ImagingDiet
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      Cognitive ScienceCognitionPoliticsMagnetic Resonance Imaging
Music and speech are very cognitively demanding auditory phenomena generally attributed to cortical rather than subcortical circuitry. We examined brainstem encoding of linguistic pitch and found that musicians show more robust and... more
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    •   33  
      NeurosciencePhysiologyCognitive SciencePsychophysics
The activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein Arc/Arg3.1 is required for long-term memory formation and synaptic plasticity. Arc expression is robustly induced by activity, and Arc protein localizes both to active synapses and the nucleus.... more
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      Cognitive ScienceMembrane ProteinsBrainMutation
Stressors impact dopamine-dependent behaviors such as motivation, though the underlying neurobiological mechanism is not well defined. We report that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) acts within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to... more
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      Cognitive ScienceCorticotropin Releasing HormoneSignal TransductionNucleus Accumbens
Brain circuitry processes information by rapidly and selectively engaging functional neuronal networks. The dynamic formation of networks is often evident in rhythmically synchronized neuronal activity and tightly correlates with... more
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      Cognitive ScienceBrainNature NeuroscienceBrain Waves
It has been argued that emotion, pain and cognitive control are functionally segregated in distinct subdivisions of the cingulate cortex. However, recent observations encourage a fundamentally different view. Imaging studies demonstrate... more
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      NeurosciencePsychologyNeuropsychologyEmotion
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      Cognitive ScienceMusicAuditory PerceptionChild Development
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      NeurosciencePhysiologyCognitive SciencePsychophysics
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      Cognitive ScienceCognitionResearchMemory
Humans exhibit a remarkable degree of resilience in the face of extreme stress, with most resisting the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Over the past 5 years, there has been increasing interest in the active, adaptive coping... more
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      NeuroscienceCognitive ScienceNeurobiologyNature
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      Cognitive ScienceCognitionSocial JusticeLaw Enforcement
Ten years ago, a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) that has prominent actions on nigral dopaminergic neurons, both in vitro and in animal models of Parkinson disease (PD), was discovered. A recently published open-label... more
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      Cognitive ScienceClinical TrialAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisProtein Structure and Function
The optic nerve, like most mature CNS pathways, does not regenerate after injury. Through unknown mechanisms, however, macrophage activation in the eye stimulates retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to regenerate long axons beyond the site of... more
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      Cognitive ScienceCalciumMacrophagesNature
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      Cognitive ScienceNatureBrainInsulin
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that play vital regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that is highly toxic to living... more
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      Information SystemsBioinformaticsGeneticsCognitive Science
Neurons are continuously generated from stem cells in discrete regions in the adult mammalian brain. We found that ependymal cells lining the lateral ventricles were quiescent and did not contribute to adult neurogenesis under normal... more
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      NeurosciencePhysiologyCognitive SciencePsychophysics
Here we report that increased pup licking and grooming (LG) and arched-back nursing (ABN) by rat mothers altered the offspring epigenome at a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene promoter in the hippocampus. Offspring of mothers that showed... more
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      Cognitive ScienceEnzyme InhibitorsNatureWestern blotting