Mobile phone

This paper explores the 3GPP 5G network architecture from release 15 phase 1 and how this will evolve with the introduction of next generation core (NGC) network. The paper starts with a discussion about interworking between LTE and 5G then explores spectrum topics before presenting a detailed view of the end to end 5G network architecture, including the functional decomposition of the radio access network (RAN). Paper originally appeared in Volume 12, Part 1 of The ITP (Institute of Telecommunications Professionals) Journal.

These days, instructors in universities and colleges take the attendance manually either by calling out individual's name or by passing around an attendance sheet for student's signature to confirm his/her presence. Using these methods is both cumbersome and time-consuming. Therefore a method of taking attendance using instructor's mobile telephone has been presented in this paper which is paperless, quick, and accurate. An application software installed in the instructor's mobile telephone enables it to query students' mobile telephone via Bluetooth connection and, through transfer of students' mobile telephones' Media Access Control (MAC) addresses to the instructor's mobile telephone, presence of the student can be confirmed. Moreover, detailed record of a student's attendance can also be generated for printing and filing, if needed.

Evidence from the US General Social Surveys (GSS) suggests that during the past 20 years, people have become increasingly socially isolated and their core discussion networks have become smaller and less diverse. One explanation offered for this trend is the use of mobile phones and the Internet. This study reports on the findings of a 2008 survey that replicates and expands on the GSS network methodology to explore the relationship between the use of new technologies and the size and diversity of core networks. The findings conflict with the results of the 2004 GSS, i.e. we find that social isolation has not increased since 1985. However, the current study supports the conclusions that the size of core networks has declined and the number of nonkin in core networks has diminished. Mobile phone and Internet use, especially specific uses of social media, were found to have a positive relationship to network size and diversity. In discussing these trends, we speculate that specific social media provide for a ‘pervasive awareness’ within personal networks that has increased the specialization of close ties. We argue that this same pervasive awareness provides for heightened surveillance of network members, the result of which is a higher level of perceived diversity within networks based on metrics that include political affiliation.

We present three studies in mobile learning. First, we polled 333 Japanese university students regarding their use of mobile devices. One hundred percent reported owning a mobile phone. Ninety-nine percent send e-mail on their mobile phones, exchanging some 200 e-mail messages each week. Sixty-six percent e-mail peers about classes; 44% e-mail for studying. In contrast, only 43% e-mail on PCs, exchanging an average of only two messages per week. Only 20% had used a personal digital assistant. Second, we e-mailed 100-word English vocabulary lessons at timed intervals to the mobile phones of 44 Japanese university students, hoping to promote regular study. Compared with students urged to regularly study identical materials on paper or Web, students receiving mobile e-mail learned more (Po0.05). Seventy-one percent of the subjects preferred receiving these lessons on mobile phones rather than PCs. Ninety-three percent felt this a valuable teaching method. Third, we created a Web site explaining English idioms. Student-produced animation shows each idiom's literal meaning; a video shows the idiomatic meaning. Textual materials include an explanation, script, and quiz. Thirty-one Japanese college sophomores evaluated the site using video-capable mobile phones, finding few technical difficulties, and rating highly its educational effectiveness.

The rapid proliferation of mobile phones and other mobile devices has created a new channel for marketing. The use of Short Messaging Service to access customers through their handheld devices is gaining popularity, making the mobile phone the ultimate medium for one-to-one marketing. The present research investigates consumer attitudes toward mobile advertising and the relationship between attitude and behavior. An instrument for measuring attitudes toward mobile advertising is developed. The results of a survey indicate that (1) consumers generally have negative attitudes toward mobile advertising unless they have specifically consented to it, and (2) there is a direct relationship between consumer attitudes and consumer behavior. Thus it is not a good idea to send SMS advertisements to potential customers without prior permission.

We examine the emotional impact caused to victims of bullying in its traditional form, both directly and indirectly, as well as bullying inflicted by use of new technologies such as mobile phones and the Internet. A sample of 1,671 adolescents and young people responded to a questionnaire which asked if they had been victims of various forms of bullying, as well as the emotions this caused. The results show that although traditional bullying affected significantly more young people than cyberbullying, the latter affected one in ten adolescents. Analysis of the emotions caused showed that traditional bullying produced a wide variety of impacts, with the victims being divided into five different emotional categories, while indirect bullying and cyberbullying presented a narrower variety of results with the victims being classifiable into just two groups: Those who said that they had not been emotionally affected and those who simultaneously suffered from a wide variety of negative emotions. The influence of age, gender, and severity on each emotional category is also analyzed.

Avoiding Vehicle Theft is making buzz in present automobile industry. Design and development of a theft control system for an automobile, can be achieved by making use of GPS feature of mobile phone. The developed system makes use of an mobile phone that is embedded in the vehicle with an interfacing to Engine Control Module(ECM) through Control Area Network (CAN) Bus, which is in turn, communicated to the ECM. The vehicle being stolen can be stopped by using GPS feature of mobile phone and this information is used by the owner of the vehicle for future processing. The owner sends the message to the mobile which is embedded in the vehicle which has stolen which in turn controls the vehicles engine by locking the working of the engine immediately. The developed system accept the message and broadcasted to the Vehicle Network through CAN Bus. The engine can be unlocked only by the owner of the vehicle by sending the message again. The goal behind the design is to develop security for vehicles and embedded system to communicate with engine of the vehicle.

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), a Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), is an approved cryptographic algorithm that can be used to protect electronic data. The AES can be programmed in software or built with pure hardware. However Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) offer a quicker and more customizable solution. This paper presents the AES algorithm with regard to FPGA and the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description language (VHDL). ModelSim SE PLUS 5.7g software is used for simulation and optimization of the synthesizable VHDL code. Synthesizing and implementation (i.e. Translate, Map and Place and Route) of the code is carried out on Xilinx -Project Navigator, ISE 8.2i suite. All the transformations of both Encryption and Decryption are simulated using an iterative design approach in order to minimize the hardware consumption. Xilinx XC3S400 device of Spartan Family is used for hardware evaluation. This paper proposes a method to integrate the AES encrypter and the AES decrypter. This method can make it a very low-complexity architecture, especially in saving the hardware resource in implementing the AES (Inv) Sub Bytes module and (Inv) Mix columns module etc. Most designed modules can be used for both AES encryption and decryption. Besides, the architecture can still deliver a high data rate in both encryption/decryption operations. The proposed architecture is suited for hardware-critical applications, such as smart card, PDA, and mobile phone, etc.

Mobile phone markets are one of the most turbulent market environments today due to increased competition and change. Thus, it is of growing concern to look at consumer buying decision process and cast light on the factors that finally determine consumer choices between different mobile phone brands. On this basis, this article deals with consumers' choice criteria in mobile phone markets by studying factors that

Mobile phone use is banned or illegal under certain circumstances and in some jurisdictions. Nevertheless, some people still use their mobile phones despite recognized safety concerns, legislation, and informal bans. Drawing potential predictors from the addiction literature, this study sought to predict usage and, specifically, problematic mobile phone use from extraversion, self-esteem, neuroticism, gender, and age. To measure problem use, the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale was devised and validated as a reliable self-report instrument, against the Addiction Potential Scale and overall mobile phone usage levels. Problem use was a function of age, extraversion, and low self-esteem, but not neuroticism. As extraverts are more likely to take risks, and young drivers feature prominently in automobile accidents, this study supports community concerns about mobile phone use, and identifies groups that should be targeted in any intervention campaigns.

Crisis communication is a field dominated by case studies and is lacking of systematic knowledge and theoretical framework analysis. Functionalist and objectivist perspectives have dominated the field even though there are exceptions. This may be one reason why multicultural approaches to crisis communication, increasingly relevant in contemporary society, are very few and undeveloped. The aim in the article is to give a critical analysis of research that has been done on crisis communication as well as intercultural public relations and develop a different theoretical framework. We propose the use of ethnicity, focusing collective cultural identity as dynamic, relational and situational in crisis theory and practice. Ethnic differences seem to escalate during crises. Media use and access are also discussed. A Swedish survey shows, among other things, that people with a foreign background read mainstream newspapers more seldom than average Swedes, but that the access to Internet and mobile phones is very high. Based on a social constructionist epistemology, the article ends with four proposals for future research and practice in multicultural crisis communication: (1) audienceorientation -focusing sense-making, (2) a proactive and interactive approach -focusing dialogue, (3) a community-focused approach -focusing a long-range pre-crisis perspective and, (4) an ethnicity-approach towards intercultural communication.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the decision of buying mobile phone devices in Hawassa town. In order to accomplish the objectives of the study, a sample of 246 consumers were taken by using simple random sampling technique. Both primary and secondary data were explored. Moreover, six important factors i.e. price, social group, product features, brand name, durability and after sales services were selected and analyzed through the use of correlation and multiple regressions analysis. From the analysis, it was clear that consumer's value price followed by mobile phone features as the most important variable amongst all and it also acted as a motivational force that influences them to go for a mobile phone purchase decision. The study suggested that the mobile phone sellers should consider the above mentioned factors to equate the opportunity.

Technology adoption has been studied from a variety of perspectives. Information systems, Sociology and Human-Computer Interaction researchers have come up with various models incorporating factors and phases to predict adoption that, in turn, will lead to persistent use. Technology acceptance by the elderly mobile phone user has received less attention and no model currently exists to predict factors influencing their technology adoption. A literature study yielded a set of acceptance factors (derived mostly from quantitative studies) and adoption phases (derived mostly from qualitative studies) that could influence and predict mobile phone adoption by the elderly user. We confirmed a subset of these factors by consulting findings from research into the context of senior mobile phone users, including the needs and limitations of these users. We then verified the factors qualitatively by means of structured interviews with senior mobile phone users. The interviews included the use of scenarios as well as a mobile phone design activity. Triangulating the quantitative findings from literature with the qualitative findings from this study led to a set of interlinked acceptance factors and adoption phases that we present as the Senior Technology Acceptance& Adoption model for Mobile technology (STAM). This paper makes a contribution to understanding technology acceptance by senior users and should be of interest to researchers, designers and decision-makers on technology adoption, especially mobile features and services.

What is an ad hoc network? Perhaps the most widespread notion of a mo-bile ad hoc network is a network formed without any central administration which consists of mobile nodes that use a wireless interface to send packet data. Since the nodes in a network of this kind can ...

... Our study shows that tweens' intention to recommend their mobile phone brand is about 20 percent ... But let us look more specifically into the impact of satisfaction on tweens' loyalty ... do so, we have conducted two regression analyses with respectively “intention to buy again” and ...

Communication forms the basis for personal relationships but technology has changed the way people communicate. This research investigates the impact that computer-mediated communication (CMC) has had on interpersonal relationships using a combination of technology characteristics and behavioural outcomes. These factors are explored by means of a qualitative study using interview and discussion group data from student users of email, mobile phone, Instant Messaging (IM) and Internet Relay Chat (IRC). At the end, this study provides a first-cut model that identifies some of these key characteristics and behavioural outcomes of CMC and their impacts on interpersonal relationships among South Africans.

This study explores the issue of cyberbullying from a cross-cultural perspective. The focus is on the examination of the extent of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, México, Peru, Venezuela tweens and adolescents' experiences of cyberbullying. A survey study of 21.000 students from 10 to 18 years. In this paper, "cyberbullying" refers to bullying via electronic communication tools: mobile phone/video/picture/text message, Internet/gaming/instant messaging.

Crisis communication is a field dominated by case studies and is lacking of systematic knowledge and theoretical framework analysis. Functionalist and objectivist perspectives have dominated the field even though there are exceptions. This may be one reason why multicultural approaches to crisis communication, increasingly relevant in contemporary society, are very few and undeveloped. The aim in the article is to give a critical analysis of research that has been done on crisis communication as well as intercultural public relations and develop a different theoretical framework. We propose the use of ethnicity, focusing collective cultural identity as dynamic, relational and situational in crisis theory and practice. Ethnic differences seem to escalate during crises. Media use and access are also discussed. A Swedish survey shows, among other things, that people with a foreign background read mainstream newspapers more seldom than average Swedes, but that the access to Internet and mobile phones is very high. Based on a social constructionist epistemology, the article ends with four proposals for future research and practice in multicultural crisis communication: (1) audienceorientation -focusing sense-making, (2) a proactive and interactive approach -focusing dialogue, (3) a community-focused approach -focusing a long-range pre-crisis perspective and, (4) an ethnicity-approach towards intercultural communication.

Mobile (cell) phone communication has been suggested as a method to improve delivery of health services. However, data on the effects of mobile health technology on patient outcomes in resource-limited settings are limited. We aimed to assess whether mobile phone communication between health-care workers and patients starting antiretroviral therapy in Kenya improved drug adherence and suppression of plasma HIV-1 RNA load.WelTel Kenya1 was a multisite randomised clinical trial of HIV-infected adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in three clinics in Kenya. Patients were randomised (1:1) by simple randomisation with a random number generating program to a mobile phone short message service (SMS) intervention or standard care. Patients in the intervention group received weekly SMS messages from a clinic nurse and were required to respond within 48 h. Randomisation, laboratory assays, and analyses were done by investigators masked to treatment allocation; however, study participants and clinic staff were not masked to treatment. Primary outcomes were self-reported ART adherence (>95% of prescribed doses in the past 30 days at both 6 and 12 month follow-up visits) and plasma HIV-1 viral RNA load suppression (<400 copies per mL) at 12 months. The primary analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00830622.Between May, 2007, and October, 2008, we randomly assigned 538 participants to the SMS intervention (n=273) or to standard care (n=265). Adherence to ART was reported in 168 of 273 patients receiving the SMS intervention compared with 132 of 265 in the control group (relative risk [RR] for non-adherence 0·81, 95% CI 0·69–0·94; p=0·006). Suppressed viral loads were reported in 156 of 273 patients in the SMS group and 128 of 265 in the control group, (RR for virologic failure 0·84, 95% CI 0·71–0·99; p=0·04). The number needed to treat (NNT) to achieve greater than 95% adherence was nine (95% CI 5·0–29·5) and the NNT to achieve viral load suppression was 11 (5·8–227·3).Patients who received SMS support had significantly improved ART adherence and rates of viral suppression compared with the control individuals. Mobile phones might be effective tools to improve patient outcome in resource-limited settings.US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.

Automated banking applications offer wide benefits to customers and banks and it is no longer a good to have but an essential service for survival in this era of globalization. Automation of banking services such as internet banking, ATM banking, telephone banking or mobile banking enable bank customers to access accounts and general information on bank products and services through a personal computer, mobile phones or other intelligent devices. The use of information technology in providing banking services is becoming increasingly important day-byday because it reduces banks' operating costs, delivers fast and accurate records and improves banks' profitability. This research categorizes the banks operating in Bangladesh into three groups based on the extent to which they are offering automated services fully automated, moderately automated, and not automated and investigates the impact of automation of banking services on improving financial performance of banks doing business in Bangladesh.

The playing of videogames can be fun and entertaining, but research has consistently shown that a small minority of players experience problematic gaming. Most research to date has focused on online gaming via personal computers and laptops. However, gaming has evolved both in the games that are played and the platforms on which they can be played. One of the biggest growth areas has been in the area of smartphone gaming. The present study investigated the reasons for perceived smartphone game addiction by the users themselves, and how these perceptions compared across different smartphone game genres by analyzing reviews of smartphone games by the users themselves. The data comprised 25,200 game reviews of 140 smartphone games across 14 game genres to examine the most influential factors in addictive smartphone gaming by the individuals that play such games. Game reviews which were written under the heading of 'addiction' or 'addictive' were content analyzed to understand the most important variables associated with what makes a game 'addictive' from a player perspective. Results indicated nine keywords (or their synonyms) to be strongly associated with smartphone games classed as Baddictive^ (i.e., 'challenging,' 'entertainment,' 'friends and family,' 'gameplay,' 'creative,' 'graphics/animation,' 'fun,' 'free from advertisement,' and 'time killer'). The most common keyword associated with a smartphone game being 'addictive' was 'challenging' (n = 5636). The 14 genres clustered into five different categories based upon the identified nine keywords. Given the fact that there has been little published to date in the area of addictive smartphone gaming, the present paper is of existential value.

Physical activity levels of girls decline dramatically during adolescence and may be a contributor to the increasing number of obese teens in the United States. Research has shown that social support is positively correlated with physical activity levels in adolescents, particularly girls. We present the findings from a three week field study of a mobile phone application designed to create a support group for physical activity within an existing social network of adolescent girls. Our findings suggest design considerations for technologies that encourage physical activity for this user group.

The widespread use of mobile phones (in Europe often called "Handies") enables a long awaited dream: Learning at any place, at any time. This "not being tied to particular locations" is for example especially interesting in the area of medicine i.e. for vocational training of medical staff and students. As the amount of medical information continues to grow, timely access to information is critical to medical personnel. However, such applications can not be the 1:1 transformation of standard computerized learning material; special design issues must be considered. In this paper we present a practical approach to m-Learning and call it "Mobile Interactive Learning Objects (MILOs) which are used within a Mobile Learning Engine (MLE) that runs on mobile phones. MILOs can offer manifold possibilities for new kinds of communication and explorative learning.

The increasingly high penetration rate of mobile phones and the consequent exposure of subscribers to mobile technology present high hopes for the adoption of mobile commerce. Are such hopes justified? In this study, we address this question. More specifically, we develop and empirically test a model for explaining the role of exposure to mobile technology in the adoption of mobile

Well before the coming of the Internet, strong ties with friends and relatives stretched well beyond the neighborhood: the traditional domain of community. Phones, cars and planes allowed people to have contact over substantial distances. But the mere fact that ties stretched over long distances does not tell us the extent to which distance mattered for contact and support in pre-Internet days. Although scholars have mused about this question, they have not provided empirical evidence. This paper applies multi-level analysis to ...

Mobile phone usage is so strongly integrated into young people‘s behavior that symptoms of behavioral addiction, such as cell phone usage interrupting their day –to-day activities. Main aim of this paper is the reviews investigate some aspects of the emerging literature on the impact of mobile phone on adolescent’s life. There are several reviews addressing the definition, Mobile phone addiction symptoms, Assessment of Mobile phone addiction, Negative effect of Mobile phone addiction on adolescents and some reviews addressing the role of Mobile phone addiction on adolescent’s mental and physical health.

The recent proliferation of Internet-enabled technology has significantly changed the way adolescents encounter and consume sexually explicit material. Once confined to a personal computer attached to a telephone line, the Internet is now available on laptops, mobile phones, video game consoles, and other electronic devices. With the growth of the Internet has come easier and more ubiquitous access to pornography. The purpose of this article was to review the recent (i.e., 2005 to present) literature regarding the impact of Internet pornography on adolescents. Specifically, this literature review examined the impact of Internet pornography on sexual attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and sexual aggression. The authors also discuss the literature related to the influence of sexually explicit Internet material on self-concept, body image, social development, as well as the expanding body of research on adolescent brain function and physical development. Finally, recommendations for future research were discussed, based on this literature review.

To investigate whether the electromagnetic ®eld (EMF) emitted by digital radiotelephone handsets affects the brain, healthy, young subjects were exposed during an entire night-time sleep episode to an intermittent radiation schedule (900 MHz; maximum speci®c absorption rate 1 W/kg) consisting of alternating 15-min on±15-min off intervals. Compared with a control night with sham exposure, the amount of waking after sleep onset was reduced from 18 to 12 min. Spectral power of the electroencephalogram in non-rapid eye movement sleep was increased. The maximum rise occurred in the 10±11 Hz and 13.5±14 Hz bands during the initial part of sleep and then subsided. The results demonstrate that pulsed high-frequency EMF in the range of radiotelephones may promote sleep and modify the sleep EEG. q

This paper reports an explanatory study of using Google Map API to develop two destinationspecific tourist information tools: a handheld tour guide and an online trip planner for Charleston, South Carolina, USA. The background, development, functionality, and adoption issues were discussed. The handheld tour guide is based on mobile phones with a GPS antenna to communicate with Google Map and deliver real-time and location-sensitive tourist information. Online Charleston trip planner combines destination specific information with Google Map to provide an interactive trip planning tool based on the map metaphor. The handheld tour guide is slow and unstable due to memory limitations and slow Internet connection provided by the mobile phone service. The online trip planner is being adopted by various hotels and conferences. The development effort demonstrated that Google Map API is a flexible tool with reasonable speed for developing destination-specific online services. For mobile tools, the computing power and wireless connections of small devices are the bottlenecks when communicating with online services.

The development of technological capability (TC) is critical for manufacturing firms in high-tech industries. Stages of development of industrial technology in a developing country: a model. Research Policy 9, 254-277] model of acquisition, assimilation, and improvement is widely accepted to explain TC development in developing economies. However, some R&D practices we observed in Chinese manufacturing companies appear to be in disagreement with Kim's model. Based on four in-depth cases studies set in China's mobile phone industry, we hypothesize (a) a complementary stage in Kim's model, and (b) those stages can be traversed concurrently. r

The present communication deals with the leaching of gold from the printed circuit boards (PCBs) of waste mobile phones using an effective and less hazardous system, i.e., a copper-ammonia-thiosulfate solution, as an alternative to the conventional and toxic cyanide leaching of gold. The influence of thiosulfate, ammonia and copper sulfate concentrations on the leaching of gold from PCBs of waste mobile phones was investigated. Gold extraction was found to be enhanced with solutions containing 15-20. mM cupric, 0.1-0.14. M thiosulfate, and 0.2-0.3. M ammonia. Similar trends were obtained for the leaching of gold from two different types of scraps and PCBs of waste mobile phones. From the scrap samples, 98% of the gold was leached out using a solution containing 20. mM copper, 0.12. M thiosulfate and 0.2. M ammonia. Similarly, the leaching of gold from the PCBs samples was also found to be good, but it was lower than that of scrap samples in similar experimental conditions. In this case, only 90% of the gold was leached, even with a contact time of 10. h. The obtained data will be useful for the development of processes for the recycling of gold from waste mobile phones.

In vivo exposure has proved its efficacy in the treatment of specific phobias; however, not all patients benefit from it. Communication and information technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have improved exposure treatment adherence and acceptance. Serious games (SG) could also be used in order to facilitate exposure treatment. A line of research on SG is emerging which focuses on health issues. We have developed a SG for the treatment of cockroach phobia that uses a mobile phone as the application device. This work examines results of an N = 1 study about whether the use of this mobile game can facilitate treatment of this specific phobia preparing her for the AR exposure. A 25-year-old woman with cockroach phobia participated in the study. Results showed that the use of the mobile game reduced her level of fear and avoidance before a ''one-session" AR exposure treatment was applied, following the guidelines by Öst. The participant found very helpful the use of the SG before the AR exposure session and she was willing to use it after the AR exposure session as a homework assignment. Although the results of this study are preliminary, SG appears to be a line of research of high interest in clinical psychology for the treatment of specific phobias.

Background: Smartphone has become a mainstream medium, in the healthcare setting because of quick access to medical information, enhance students' learning in a clinical environment and increases knowledge score. Therefore, this research was performed to determine if there was an association of the mobile applications usage at night on sleep pattern and academic performance of the medical students of UniKL RCMP. Aim: This study was done to determine the relationship between socio-demographic factors with 3 elements, which are mobile application usage, sleep quality and quantity and academic performance. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved Year-2 till Year-5 medical students of UniKL RCMP. The sample size was calculated to be 214 students with 95% confident level, by using Opine application. The study was conducted from December 2016 to January 2017. The quota sampling method was used. A set of questionnaires were developed and computed as the variables of this study. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS 21 using appropriate statistical test, p<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of 300 only 215 questionnaires were returned. 100% of the current study respondents use a smartphone. There was a correlation between average total time smartphone apps used before sleep at night and feeling tired after waking up in the morning. This study result showed that usage of smartphone apps during class could lead to losing of attention. Conclusions: There were a correlation between mobile apps usage at night on sleep pattern. The heavier the usage of smartphone apps, the more sleep quantity and quality goes down. Though, students' academic performance was not significantly associated with the use of mobile apps.

An average of 500,000 tons of obsolete Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments (WEEE) are dumped into Nigeria monthly with its associated health and environmental hazards. E-waste includes computers, entertainment electronics, mobile phones and other items that have been discarded by their original users. While there is no generally accepted definition of e-waste, in most cases e-waste consists of expensive and more or less durable products used for data processing, telecommunications or entertainment in private households and businesses.

Rapid development of mobile technologies is influencing a new learning paradigm. Recently, learning mediated by mobile devices give significant increasing. One of innovative learning through mobile devices is mobile game-based learning. The purpose of this research is to develop and pilot a prototype mobile game that might be used to promote vocabulary acquisition in supporting second language learning. The evaluation of the prototype system was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the mobile game. The French language is used as a second language in this game as a consideration, for Indonesians it is difficult to learn since it differs in writing and pronunciation. The evaluation revealed the potential learning through the mobile game to promote vocabulary acquisition in second language learning.

Several studies have demonstrated that exposure therapy-in which the patient is exposed to specific feared situations or objects that trigger anxiety-is an effective way to treat anxiety disorders. However, to overcome a number of limitations inherent in this approachlack of full control of the situation, costs and time required, etc.-some therapists have started to add virtual reality (VR) to the in vivo exposure-based therapy, providing inoffice, controlled exposure therapy. Compared to the in vivo exposure, VR Exposure Therapy (VRET) is completely controlled: the quality, the intensity and the frequency of the exposure are decided by the therapist, and the therapy can be stopped at any time if the patient does not tolerate it. Moreover, the flexibility of a virtual experience allows the patient to experience situations that are often much worse and more exaggerated than those that are likely to be encountered in real life. However, a critical issue underlying the use of VRET in the treatment of anxiety-related disorders is the lack of a virtual reality system in the patient's real-life context. In this paper, we present a clinical protocol for the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD) based on the ubiquitous use of a biofeedback-enhanced VR system. The protocol includes the use of a mobile exposure system allowing patients to perform the virtual experience in an outpatient setting. A between-subjects study, involving 25 GAD patients, was carried out to verify the efficacy of the proposed approach. The clinical data in this pilot study seemed to support the efficacy of the ubiquitous approach.

Due to the increasing penetration of mobile phones even into poor communities, mobile payment schemes could bring formal financial services to the "unbanked". However, because poverty for the most part also correlates with low levels of formal education, there are questions as to whether electronic access to complex financial services is enough to bridge the gap, and if so, what sort of UI is best.

We present a questionnaire called Attrak-Work to support the evaluation of user experience of mobile systems in the context of mobile news journalism. We discuss theoretical background of the questionnaire and describe the development process including the field study within which the questionnaire was developed. The presented questionnaire assesses user's perception of the pragmatic (usability and task and goal achievement) and hedonic (stimulation and identification) qualities and an overall judgment of appeal. We used the questionnaire as part of a field study to corroborate and expand the findings of observations and interviews. We found the Attrak-Work questionnaire a useful tool to be used in this manner especially for the evaluation of the hedonic qualities.

The urgency facet of impulsivity, that is, the tendency to act rashly in response to intense emotional contexts . Emotion-based dispositions to rash action: positive and negative urgency. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 807e828], has been related to a wide range of maladaptive behaviours. The present study further investigates the role of urgency in problematic behaviours by considering distinct psychological mechanisms that may underlie this component of impulsivity. With this aim, 95 volunteer participants were screened with self-reported questionnaires assessing urgency and three problematic behaviours (compulsive buying, excessive mobile phone use, excessive Internet use). They performed two laboratory tasks: a stop-signal task designed to assess the capacity to inhibit prepotent responses in response to both neutral and emotional stimuli; and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) measuring the ability to take into account the future consequences of an action. A poor ability to inhibit prepotent responses in the emotional condition of the stop-signal task was found to predict more disadvantageous choices in the IGT, which ultimately results in higher urgency and more problematic behaviours. These findings shed new light on the construct of urgency, its related psychological mechanisms, and its role in problematic behaviours.

This paper presents Centinela, a system that combines acceleration data with vital signs to achieve highly accurate activity recognition. Centinela recognizes five activities: walking, running, sitting, ascending, and descending. The system includes a portable and unobtrusive real-time data collection platform, which only requires a single sensing device and a mobile phone. To extract features, both statistical and structural detectors are applied, and two new features are proposed to discriminate among activities during periods of vital sign stabilization. After evaluating eight different classifiers and three different time window sizes, our results show that Centinela achieves up to 95.7% overall accuracy, which is higher than current approaches under similar conditions. Our results also indicate that vital signs are useful to discriminate between certain activities. Indeed, Centinela achieves 100% accuracy for activities such as running and sitting, and slightly improves the classification accuracy for ascending compared to the cases that utilize acceleration data only.

We examine the emotional impact caused to victims of bullying in its traditional form, both directly and indirectly, as well as bullying inflicted by use of new technologies such as mobile phones and the Internet. A sample of 1,671 adolescents and young people responded to a questionnaire which asked if they had been victims of various forms of bullying, as well as the emotions this caused. The results show that although traditional bullying affected significantly more young people than cyberbullying, the latter affected one in ten adolescents. Analysis of the emotions caused showed that traditional bullying produced a wide variety of impacts, with the victims being divided into five different emotional categories, while indirect bullying and cyberbullying presented a narrower variety of results with the victims being classifiable into just two groups: Those who said that they had not been emotionally affected and those who simultaneously suffered from a wide variety of negative emotions. The influence of age, gender, and severity on each emotional category is also analyzed.