Communication and media Studies

Organizational dialogue has traditionally been associated with the Massachu-setts Institute of Technology learning organization project rooted in the work of David Bohm. As a result, dialogue is viewed as an “abnormal” form of discourse—removed from everyday managerial ...

This study aimed to examine whether social capital (bonding and bridging social capital) attenuate the effect of low functional health literacy on health information resources, efficacy, and behaviors. In-person interviews were conducted with 1,000 residents in Seoul, Korea, in 2011. The authors found that respondents' functional health literacy had positive effects on the scope of health information sources and health information self-efficacy but not health information-seeking intention. Respondents' social capital had positive effects on the scope of health information sources, health information efficacy, and health information-seeking intention. The authors found (a) a significant moderation effect of bridging social capital on the relation between health literacy and health information self-efficacy and (b) a moderation effect of bonding social capital on the relation between health literacy and health information-seeking intention.

Based on interviews with Syrian media practitioners, this article uses the notion of affective proximity to make sense of local media practitioners’ reporting and witnessing of suffering in their country and community. I argue that the life-risking, and sometimes deadly, media practices of local reporters and witnesses, as well as their emotional labour, often do not feature in understandings of journalism when it is conceived as a purely professional discursive pursuit. I explain affective proximity in terms of an imagined space (or the lack thereof) between a media practitioner, on the one hand, and the event they are representing and participating in, on the other. In relation to Syria, I use it to analyse the word ‘revolution’ and what it mediates, the shifting boundaries between activism and journalism, and experiences of, and in, violence. I make the case that the study of affect and emotion in global news should be contextualized within the unequal power relations that give s...

We propose a communication analogue to Allport's (1954) Contact Hypothesis called the Parasocial Contact Hypothesis (PCH). If people process mass-mediated parasocial interaction in a manner similar to interpersonal interaction, then the socially beneficial functions of intergroup contact may result from parasocial contact. We describe and test the PCH with respect to majority group members' level of prejudice in three studies, two involving parasocial contact with gay men (Six Feet Under and Queer Eye for the Straight ...

The present study investigates the effects of violent experiences in childhood on current domestic violence and marital adjustment, using adult attachment theory as a conceptual framework. A nonclinical sample of 644 Canadian adults in long-term romantic relationships completed measures of adult romantic attachment, conflict tactics scales, and dyadic adjustment. Structural equation modeling revealed that early experiences of violence affect adults' intimate violence directly and indirectly through anxiety over abandonment and avoidance of intimacy. The actor-partner interdependence model illustrated the importance of early exposure to violence in predicting both partners' attachment representations, intimate violence, and couple adjustment. Findings are discussed with reference to the clinical issues surrounding minor violence against the intimate partner.

Traditional agenda-setting theory is about the influence of mass media on the public's focus of attention, who and what people are thinking about. The expanded theory of agenda setting tested here during the 1995 regional and municipal elections in Spain ...

This paper identifi es the technological and commercial foundations of the new category of online applications commonly described as Web 2.0 or Social Media. It examines the relevance of Web 2.0 for Marketing Strategy and for Direct Marketing in particular. The issue is not a clear-cut one: while several observers saw in Web 2.0 a new stage in the evolution of the internet, others simply rejected it as a new High-Tech hype while there is still no generally accepted defi nition and demarcation of the term. Paradoxically, even without an accepted defi nition and despite lack of extensive research, the corporate world seems to embrace the Web 2.0 concept: high-profi le mergers and acquisitions have already taken place or are under way while corporations are rushing to integrate various forms of social media into their marketing planning. The experience so far, based to a large degree on anecdotal evidence, is that Web 2.0 has a substantial effect on consumer behaviour and has contributed to an unprecedented customer empowerment. The consequences are far reaching, affecting not only the area of technology development but also the domains of business strategy and marketing. From the academic but also the practical point of view, attention must be placed on the demarcation and evaluation of the new technologies and trends so that the real value of Web 2.0 as a component of the modern marketing can be determined.

The WTO protests in Seattle witnessed the emergence of an international citizens' movement for democratic globalization. With the tactical exploitation of television, the internet, and other technologies, Seattle also witnessed the enactment of forms of activism adapted to a wired society. In the wake of Seattle, this essay introduces the “public screen” as a necessary supplement to the metaphor of the public sphere for understanding today's political scene. While a public sphere orientation inevitably finds contemporary discourse wanting, viewing such discourse through the prism of the public screen provokes a consideration of new forms of participatory democracy. In comparison to the public sphere's privileging of rationality, embodied conversations, consensus, and civility, the public screen highlights dissemination, images, hypermediacy, publicity, distraction, and dissent. Using the Seattle WTO protests as a case study and focusing on the dynamic of violence and the media, we argue that the public screen accounts for technological and cultural changes while enabling a charting of the new conditions for rhetoric, politics, and activism.

This article explores the role of design in Ladakh, a remote region in northwestern
India that was opened to tourism and trade only 35 years ago. The shift in the prevailing
socio-economic structure is manifested within the region’s forms of visual communication, spanning a continuum from photographic advertising to hand-painted wayfinding systems. One questions the cumulative effects these graphic artifacts have on local people’s perception of the region and their identities integrated with it. Workshops were conducted in which participants were introduced to the abstract visual
language of maps then sketched their home villages. Content analysis of these externalized cognitive maps reveals a consistency of visual representation strategies across all participants. References to natural and manmade features reflect reverence for the land and an understanding of agrarian systems. Currently graphic design in Ladakh is in service to profit outside interests. The author seeks a role for design that values the local constituency as well.

Jews in Mexico City have long organized themselves into ethnic sub-groups. Various labels circulate to refer to their members, including halebi (Aleppan), shami (Damascene), idish (Ashkenazi), and turco (Sephardi). Given recent demographic and religious changes, what is the contemporary role and relevance of these ethnic distinctions in Mexican Jewish identities? I explore this question through a focus on labeling practices, with special attention to terms applied to Jews of Syrian ancestry. I first consider the influence of ultra-Orthodox movements on these labels: While always important, notions of religiosity have come to trump other indexical values in distinguishing the social types they denote. I then discuss shajato, a derisive slur for most, but occasionally used to express pride in being shami or halebi. I argue that this more recent, ameliorated usage is made possible in part by shifts in relations between Syrian and Ashkenazi sectors. By analyzing metasemantic talk about these labels, as well their use in interaction, we see the fundamental interrelationships between social and semantic change in this immigrant-descendent community in Mexico.

Özet
19. yüzyılda Aydınlanma düşüncesinin etkisiyle meydana gelen bilimsel ve teknolojik gelişmeler, insan ruhu ve davranışlarında ortaya çıkan bozuklukların tanı ve tedavisinde farklı yöntemlerin ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. İnsan ruhunun doğrudan gözlemlenebilmesinin zorluğu, bu yöntemlere ilişkin farklı araçlar kullanılmasına yol açmıştır. 19. yüzyılda fizyonomi yaklaşımının popülerleşmesiyle, insanların yüz ifadelerinden ruhsal durumlarına ilişkin bilgi edinilebileceği ve bu bilgiler ışığında ruh hastalıklarının sınıflandırılabileceği iddiası ile çalışmalar ortaya konmuştur. Yapılan çalışmalarda, sanat tıbbi amaçlarla kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, 19. yüzyılın erken dönemlerinde ruh sağlığı bozuk olan kişilerin portrelerini çizmek için ressamlar görevlendirilmiştir. Fotoğrafın keşfinden sonra ise İngiliz psikiyatrist Hugh Welch Diamond yeni bir yaklaşım ortaya koyarak ruhsal bozuklukları olan hastaların portre fotoğraflarını çekmiştir. Böylece psikiyatri fotoğrafçılığının temelleri atılmış, izleyen dönemlerde de ruhsal bozuklukların tanı ve tedavisinde fotoğraf bir araç olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma da, 19. yüzyılda psikiyatri fotoğrafçılığının gelişimini ortaya koymayı ve ruh hastalıklarının tanı ve tedavisinde fotoğrafın nasıl kullanıldığına ilişkin genel bir çerçeve çizmeyi amaçlamaktadır. 

Abstract
Scientific and technological developments, which took place in the 19th century with the effect of Enlightenment thought, led to the emergence of different methods in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders in human psyche and behavior. The difficulty of directly observing the psyche led to the use of different tools related to these methods. With the popularization of the physionomy approach in the 19th century, studies have been put forward with the claim that people can get information about their mental status from facial expressions and that mental illnesses can be classified in the light of this information. In these studies, art was used for medical purposes. Accordingly, painters were assigned to draw portraits of people with mental disorders in the early 19th century. After the discovery of the photograph, English psychiatrist Hugh Welch Diamond took a new approach and took portraits of patients with mental disorders. Thus, the foundations of psychiatric photography were founded and photography was used as a tool in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in the following periods. This research aims to reveal the development of psychiatric photography in the 19th century and to draw a general framework on how photography was used in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses.

As leadership discourses in higher education are increasingly being mediated online, texts previously reserved for staff are now being made available in the public domain. As such, these texts become accessible for study, critique, and evaluation. Additionally, discourses previously confined to the written domain are now increasingly multimodal. Thus, an approach is required that is capable of relating detailed, complex multimodal discourse analyses to broader sociocultural perspectives to account for the complex meaning making practices that operate in online leadership discourses. For this purpose, a digital multimodal discourse approach is proposed and illustrated via a small-scale case study of the online leadership discourse of an Australian university. The analysis of two short video texts demonstrates how a digital multimodal discourse perspective facilitates the identification of key multimodal systems used for meaning making in online communication; how meaning arises through combinations of semiotic choices (not individual choices); and how the results of multimodal discourse analysis using digital technology can reveal larger sociocultural patterns; in this case, divergent leadership styles and approaches as reflected in online discourse, at a time of immense change within the higher education sector.

I walk into the room and the smell of burning wood hits me immediately. The warmth from the fireplace grows as I step nearer to it. The fire needs to heat the little cottage through night so I add a log to the fire. There are a few sparks and embers. I throw a bigger log onto the fire and it drops with a thud. Again, there are barely any sparks or embers. The heat and the smell stay the same. They don’t change and I do not become habituated to it. Rather, they are just a steady stream, so I take off my VR headset and give my recommendations to the team programming the gameified world of the virtual museum of the future (one depicting an ancient Turkish settlement, being built now at the institution where one of us works). As much as this technological world seems almost too futuristic, it actually retrieves obsolete items from the past—a heater, a piece of wood, and a spray bottle—in keeping with McLuhan’s (1973) insights regarding media that provide strong participation goals and t...

1 is Associate Professor at the University of the West of England, Department of Organisation Studies. He was Dean of the College of Business at the Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Strategic Research (KIMEP), 2006-2007. He has a PhD ...

Recent dissent research indicates that employees report using several different strategies for expressing their dissent to management and supervisors (i.e., upward dissent). The purpose of this study was to compare previously recognized upward dissent strategies in terms of perceived competence. Employees completed a survey instrument that asked them to assess the competence of different upward dissent strategies. Results indicate that employees perceived solution presentation to be the most competent upward dissent strategy, followed by direct-factual appeal, repetition, and circumvention. Threatening resignation was perceived as the least competent upward dissent strategy.

Media and Society is an established textbook, popular worldwide for its insightful and accessible essays from leading international academics on the most pertinent issues in the media field today. With this updated edition, David Hesmondhalgh joins James Curran and a team of leading international scholars to speak to current issues relating to media and gender, media and democracy, sociology of news, the global internet, the political impact of the media, popular culture, the effects of digitisation on media industries, media and emotion, and other vital topics. The media are in a state of ferment, and are undergoing far-reaching change. The sixth edition tries to make sense of the media's transformation, and its wider implications.

Purely descriptive accounts date fast, so the emphasis has been on identifying the central issues and problems arising from media change, and on evaluating its wider consequences. What is judged to be the staple elements of the field has evolved over time, as well as becoming more international in orientation. Yet the overriding aim of the book - to be useful to students - has remained constant. This text is an essential resource for all media, communication and film studies students who want to broaden their knowledge and understanding of how the media operates and affects society across the globe.

... Journal of Applied Communication Research, 23, 167-200. Collinson, D. (1994). Strategies ofresistance: Power, knowledge and subjectiv-ity in the workplace. In JM Jermier, D. Knights, & WR Nord (Eds.), Resistance and power in organizations (pp. 25-68). London: Routledge. ...

... have been personalized by including recipients' demographic characteristics (eg, gender, ethnicity) or other identifying characteristics (eg, the person's name or occupation) in an effort to promote various health ... Health Psychology, 22(1), 60–67. ... The role of self-affirmation in con.

In a videotape analysis of five National Issues Forums, I investigate the nature of deliberative talk in small group deliberative settings. I show that deliberative talk in these forums mostly takes the form of storytelling. I argue that storytelling helps participants overcome barriers to deliberation, such as lack of knowledge and the need to manage one's public face in a context that privileges open conflict. Moreover, I show that storytelling also plays an important collective function for groups, allowing them to build a sense of moral community around issues without much explicit conflict or argument. I conclude that greater understanding of storytelling's role in small group deliberation is of benefit both to practitioners who initiate such forums and to the growing number of researchers who study the practice of deliberative democracy.

For some persons who are facing terminal illness, severe permanent disability, or extreme old age, suicide may seem to be a rational choice. Suicide prevention services, however, do not provide for suicide as a sane, honorable choice in such circumstances. This paper identifies 17 specific considerations a mental-health professional may use to help such a person explore whether suicide would be rational or irrational. These considerations are formulated without antecedent bias towards prevention and without interpreting interest in suicide as evidence of depression or mental illness. Dying, severely disabled, and aged persons considering suicide on what seem to them to be rational grounds may thus trust and consult mental-health professionals about their plans.

This paper discusses in-house designed and developed scale-down DVB-RCS hub along with the performance of the realized hub. This development is intended to support the Satellite Based e-Learning initiative in India. The scale-down DVB-RCS HUB is implemented around a single PC with other subsystems making it very cost effective and unique of its kind. This realization will drastically reduce the total cost of Satellite based Education Networks as very low cost commercially available Satellite Interactive Terminals (SITs) complying to open standard could be used at remote locations. The system is successfully tested to work with a commercial SIT using a GEO satellite EDUSAT which is especially dedicated for satellite based e-Learning. The internal detail of the DVB-RCS Forward and Return Link Organization and how it manages the Satellite Interactive Terminals access to the satellite channel using MF-TDMA approach has been described.

NICOLE MAURANTONIO is an assistant professor in the Department of Rhetoric and Communication Studies at the University of Richmond. Research for this article was conducted as part of her 2008 dissertation and was presented in May 2011 at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association. O n the evening of Friday, August 28, 1964, Philadelphia succumbed to the wave of urban riots that had been sweeping cities along the East Coast during a long and hot summer. 1 Violence broke out at the corner of 22 nd Street and Columbia Avenue in North Philadelphia after a black couple, Rush and Odessa Bradford, was confronted by two Philadelphia police officers, Patrolmen John Hoff and Robert Wells. Hoff, who was white, and Wells, who was black, had been called to the scene because the couple, allegedly engaged in a domestic dispute in their car, was blocking the flow of traffic at the busy intersection. 2 Upon reaching the corner, the officers found Odessa Bradford holding her foot on the car's brake pedal. She proceeded to argue with Officer Wells, who pulled her out of the car by her wrists. Her removal should have been the end of the relatively minor disturbance, but as she was being put into the police wagon, a bystander emerged

Cultural theory has evolved over the past 20 years to become an important framework for understanding how groups in society interpret danger and build trust or distrust in institutions creating and regulating risk. This paper examines the theoretical roots of cultural theory, traces its passage in the risk literature, and explores its value in current risk management issues. It concludes that cultural theory continues to be of value, but that its role needs to be reassessed in the emerging age of deliberative science. Some examples of how cultural theory might be applied to health risk management and to the genetic modification of food debate are provided to illustrate the scope for further research.

Rituals are widely studied in interpersonal communication research, but no instrument for assessing the preceived use of rituals among couples in committed romantic relationships exists. The purpose of this investigation was to create and validate such a measure (Rituals in Committed Romantic Relationships; RCRR). Five-hundred-sixty individuals in committed romantic relationships responded to a 50-item questionnaire that measured 5 sets of rituals pertaining to daily routines and tasks, idiosyncratic behavior, everyday talk, intimacy, and ...

In this study we examine the possibility that persons vary in their styles of selfdisclosure. A 3 (disclosure target: mother, father, best same-sex friend)x 2 (topic: schoolwork, social relations with others) X 5 (regulation of disclosure behavior: amount, valence, honesty-accuracy, control of depth of disclosure, intended disclosure) matrix was used to generate items with which subjects agreed or disagreed (e.g., re: mother and schoolwork, I am always honest in my self-disclosures). A Q-analysis revealed four types of disclosers, including a type that was low in honesty and amount of disclosure to parents @arent-cryptic disclosers) and a type that was comparatively open to parents but low in amount and high in control of depth of disclosures to best friend @urentully openfriend-cryptic disclosers). Discriminant analyses revealed that "family communication" patterns and "communication apprehension" were important variables in distinguishing the types, and a canonical correlation analysis showed that these two variables were generally important in predicting disclosure behavior across the entire subject sample.

Background: Suicide prevention in prisons is a major challenge for penal institutions in many countries. L'approche traditionnelle qui s'appuie sur l'expertise des professionnels de santé peut être complétée par l'intervention d'autres acteurs de l'incarcération. As a result, new methods of suicide prevention based on peer support have been developed in recent years. Peer prevention programs rely on the ability of inmates to identify suicide risk. Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine perceived suicide risk among inmates and to explore possible explanations. Methods: 54 inmates and 17 professionals working in prisons participated in the study. Results: The peer prevention program was found to change inmates' expectations of support in the event of a suicide crisis. The study also found that the inmates involved in the program tended to underestimate the risk of suicide. The perception of the prevention program and the level of self-consciousness were found to account for the underestimation of suicide risk. Conclusions: Support for inmates involved in suicide prevention programs must take into account their isolation in prison. The training provided to inmates must also consider the biases affecting the assessment of risk.

On the basis of three elections, covering a period of fi fty years, the authors aim at testing the increasingly popular hypothesis that political communication is driven by media logic and by political and media system characteristics. In short: sooner or later, the modes and styles of American media will appear in Europe too. The complex and volatile relationship between media and politics in the Netherlands in the last half century does show some, although not uni-linear signs of media logic. The strength of a public service tradition and a political culture of nonadversariality, however, seem to have stopped the developments short of a political communication style which is characterised by performance driven campaigning, horse race and poll driven reporting, orientation on the public as consumers, journalistic dominance, agenda setting and cynicism.

This study examined the extent to which the amount and quality of work-related information employees received was associated with the quality of their relationships with peer coworkers and their immediate supervisors. Results indicated that supervisor-subordinate relationship quality was positively related to both the amount and quality of information employees received from their immediate supervisor. In addition, employees' proportions of information peer relationships were negatively related, and their proportions of collegial peer relationships were positively related, to the quality of information they received from their co-workers. Regression analyses also indicated that the quality of information employees received from their supervisors and co-workers was positively related to their job satisfaction and commitment to the organization.