Mobile Video

This paper focuses on a pilot study in which a social video application, MoViE, was used to teach basic HCI concepts in bachelor -level education. The aim of the study was to examine the problem space of educational mobile video blogging in order to determine the next phase research settings and future expectations in more details. The learning activities in this experiment were analyzed using SEAF framework that was used to design the MoViE application. The results indicated that video blogging can be effective method in HCI education, but some of the students need support and more strict tagging rules to get best out of this kind instructional method. Furthermore, blogging turned out to be much more effective method to evaluate students' level of understanding than traditional paper-pencil tests. In the future, we will especially focus on the remixing feature of MoViE that makes possible for example to create personalized mobile video books, learning diaries and portfolios.

This study examines TikTok, a social media video platform, through the lens of film theory and cultural analysis. It investigates the role of play and dynamic editing in short-form video content. The analysis explores how rapid-fire video editing and remix culture contribute to the unique aesthetic and social dynamics of TikTok. This study is based on interviews and video examples from top content creators, and leverages Bordwell's theory of an “intensification of established [cinematic] techniques" alongside Caillois' study of play and games. Utilizing a novel metaphorical framework, the study presents TikTok as a “virtual playground" where classic playground equipment parallels concepts of TikTok video creation. -- Ethan Kurzrock 2019

This book offers a unique model for understanding the cognitive underpinnings, interactions and discursive effects of our evolving use of smartphones in everyday app-mediated communication, from text messages and gifs to images, video and social media apps.

Adopting a cyberpragmatics framework, grounded in cognitive pragmatics and relevance theory, it gives attention to how both the particular interfaces of different apps and users’ personal attributes influence the contexts and uses of smartphone communication. The communication of emotions – in addition to primarily linguistic content – is foregrounded as an essential element of the kinds of ever-present paralinguistic and phatic communication that characterizes our exchange of memes, gifs, "likes", and image- and video-based content. Insights from related disciplines such as media studies and sociology are incorporated as the author unpacks the timeliest questions of our digitally mediated age.

Aimed primarily at scholars and graduate students of communication, linguistics, pragmatics, media studies, and sociology of mass media, Smartphone Communication traffics in topics that will likewise engage upper-level undergraduate students.

Entertainment has been traditionally a central driver in the evolution of cultural industries. Despite being a common place in media and cultural studies, the term does not delimit a clear field of cultural content or media genres. In this text we approach a definition of entertainment as related to the enjoyment or delight of users with (or through) media content. As a part of this enjoyment oriented consumer culture, mobile media are not an exception and entertainment lies at the core of the mobile phone mediatisation process. Accordingly, the very differentiation of entertainment content in the mobile environment necessarily refers to legacy media genres: standardized formats that enable specific, socially inherited entertainment rituals. Among them, audiovisual narratives (like movies, series or videos), normative arrangements (like games) and musical aesthetics show to have a prevalent place. In this paper we analyze the evolution of mobile television, mobile video, mobile music and mobile video games in the light of three intertwined processes: in first place, the drift of media entertainment rituals toward social sharing that enacts social relationships as an object of consumption; secondly, the increasing relevance of transmedia multiscreen entertainment habits that influence formats and distribution strategies and, finally, the importance of personal information and user profiles in the digital content value chain and its impact in the business models of digital cultural industries

In this paper we present a novel approach to record and replay video content composited in-situ with a live view of the real environment. Our real-time technique works on mobile phones, and uses a panorama-based tracker to create visually seamless and spatially registered overlay of video content. We apply a temporal foregroundbackground segmentation of video footage and show how the segmented information can be precisely registered in real-time in the camera view of a mobile phone. We describe the user interface and the video post effects implemented in our prototype as well as our approach with a skateboard training application. Our technique can also be used with online video material and supports the creation of augmented situated documentaries.

This paper seeks to provide historical references for the examination of contemporary forms of vertical moving images, often considered "wrong" due to their incompatibility with the audiovisual standards established in the West. Deploying an archaeological approach, the paper identifies expressions of verticality in moving images since their first modern developments, encompassing both the birth of cinema and the emergence of video art circuits in the 1980s-90s. These cases serve to underscore the disputed mediality of audiovisual systems. This paper concludes by showing how the negotiation of medium specificities continues through networked platforms and curated events, creating possibilities for the emergence of new technological art forms.

Esse artigo busca estabelecer referências históricas para a análise de imagens em movimento verticais, frequentemente consideradas "erradas" devido a sua incompatibilidade com os standards audiovisuais ocidentais modernos. A partir de uma abordagem de arqueologia de mídias, o artigo identifica expressões de verticalidade nas imagens em movimento desde seus primeiros desenvolvimentos, considerando o nascimento do cinema e a emergência dos circuitos de videoarte nos anos 1980-90. Esses casos ressaltam a midialidade disputada dos sistemas audiovisuais. O artigo conclui demonstrando como a negociação de especificidades midiáticas se estende por meio de plataformas em rede e da curadoria de eventos, criando a possibilidade para a emergência de novas formas de arte tecnológica.

In universities throughout Japan, English language learners are required to stand in front of their peers and make a presentation with the aid of software such as Microsoft PowerPoint. This type of public speaking activity can often be an anxiety-inducing, glorified reading or memorization exercise of text-heavy slides that fails to meet the intended objective of developing the learners' presentation skills. This paper reports on the perceptions of Japanese university students toward an action research project that utilized poster presentations in conjunction with mobile-video reflective feedback. An activity systems analysis helped uncover the systemic contradictions and tensions that existed in the participants' English as a foreign language (efl) oral presentation lessons. One hundred and twenty-nine undergraduate economics students from nine classes completed a paper-based survey. In addition, seven students from the same second-year international economics course participated in a focus group interview. The results indicated that most participants viewed mobile-video enhanced self-and peer-reflective feedback as beneficial tools that could help improve the quality of their efl presentation performances. However, many students expressed concern about public speaking anxiety, the protection of personal privacy, as well as the cultural contrast between Western and Japanese presentation styles.

The paper presents a multiple description (MD) video coder based on three-dimensional (3D) transforms. Two balanced descriptions are created from a video sequence. In the encoder, video sequence is represented in a form of coarse sequence approximation (shaper) included in both descriptions and residual sequence (details) which is split between two descriptions. The shaper is obtained by block-wise pruned 3D-DCT. The residual sequence is coded by 3D-DCT or hybrid, LOT+DCT, 3D-transform. The coding scheme is targeted to mobile devices. It has low computational complexity and improved robustness of transmission over unreliable networks. The coder is able to work at very low redundancies. The coding scheme is simple, yet it outperforms some MD coders based on motion-compensated prediction, especially in the low-redundancy region. The margin is up to 3 dB for reconstruction from one description.

To improve road cycling safety, we present an approach that augments bicycles with video processing and computational capabilities. This Cyber-Physical bicycle system continuously monitors the environment behind the biker, automatically detects rear-approaching vehicles, and alerts the biker prior to the approach. In this paper, we (i) identify biker safety as a problem that can be addressed using mobile video sensing and processing, (ii) present the design of a Cyber-Physical bicycle system, which applies video processing techniques to perform automated vehicle detection, and (iii) demonstrate the feasibility of this system through the evaluation of our prototype implementation. Early results show that our approach operates with good accuracy at normal frame rates, and can perform detection in real time with reduced frame rates.

The mobile phone allowed people to communicate when and where they wanted, dramatically changing how audio telephony was integrated into daily life. With video telephony services now available on everyday mobile phones, comparable arguments are being made that this will change how people relate to and use video telephony. The mobile and personal natures of mobile phones remove factors that previously hindered use of video telephony. Mobility also brings new challenges and concerns that may hinder use of video telephony in particular contexts. With this in mind, the paper revisits the notion of video telephony but within the context of mobile phones. A study is presented of people's everyday use of mobile video telephony using diary techniques and ethnographic interviews. The study uses real episodes to highlight key motivations and circumstances under which mobile video telephony was and wasn't used. Implications for adoption of design of mobile video phones are discussed.

Television services are available in China for viewing on intelligent mobile phones and on mobile devices capable of video and multimedia applications.  This paper will de-scribe and analyze the mobile phone TV market in China.  Although both industry and government recognize the importance of Mobile Phone TV, due to macro-environmental and market factors, there are still some problems that need to be solved.  This paper will compare the Chinese and international status of Mobile Phone TV development and will analyze it from the perspectives of the market and the in-dustry.  It will also forecast the future of the development of the Mobile Phone TV market in China.

Chapter VI of Video Theory. Online Video Aesthetics or the afterlife of video. Transcript Verlag 2015 - http://www.transcript-verlag.de/978-3-8376-3058-9/video-theory
But why does Beyoncé need authenticity? Why is there a need for such a video? And why could it be important that this video is vertical?

Most adults and adolescents in developed countries now own mobile phones and media devices, and for many people in developing countries a mobile phone can offer the only means of sending long distance messages. In a parallel development to the spread of personal technology, since the early 1980s schools, colleges and universities have experimented with handheld technology for learning, including classroom response systems, data probes, and handheld writing tools. Universities allow students to bring laptop computers to lectures and some schools are now providing pupils with Personal Digital Assistants and tablet computers. As personal mobile technologies for learning become more widespread, studies are starting to show evidence of the value of incorporating mobile devices in teaching and learning (McFarlane, Triggs and Yee 2008; p.7) and also substantial issues, including conflicts between informal learning with personal devices and traditional classroom education (Sharples 2007). Children are developing new skills and literacies enabled by mobile devices, such as SMS texting, moblogging (writing diaries and weblogs on mobile devices) and mobile video creation. A new generation of location-aware mobile phones will offer further possibilities, of education services and educational media matched to the learner's context and interests.

Mobile to mobile video conferencing is one of the services that the newest mobile network operators can offer to users. With the apparition of the distributed video coding paradigm which moves the majority of complexity from the encoder to the decoder, this offering can be achieved by introducing a transcoder. This device has to convert from the distributed video coding paradigm to traditional video coding such as H.264/AVC which is formed by simpler decoders and more complex encoders, and allows to the users to execute only the low complex algorithms. In order to deal with this high complex video transcoder, this paper introduces a graphics processing unit based transcoder as base station. The use of graphic accelerators in this framework has not been proposed before in the literature and offer a new field to explore with promising results. The proposed transcoder offers a time reduction of the whole process over 79% with negligible rate distortion penalty.

The increase of powerful mobile devices has accelerated the demand for mobile videos. Previous studies in mobile video have focused on understanding of mobile video usage, improvement of video quality, and user interface design in video browsing. However, research focusing on a deep understanding of users' needs for a pleasing quality delivery of mobile video is lacking. In particular, what quality-delivery mode users prefer and what information relevant to video quality they need requires attention. This paper presents a qualitative interview study with 38 participants to gain an insight into three aspects: influencing factors of user-desired video quality, user-preferred qualitydelivery modes, and user-required interaction information of mobile video. The results show that user requirements for video quality are related to personal preference, technology background and video viewing experience, and the preferred quality-delivery mode and interactive mode are diverse. These complex user requirements call for flexible and personalised quality delivery and interaction of mobile video.

In the (mobile) communications domain, Quality of Experience (QoE) has become the ultimate metric influencing the success or failure of new applications and services. Since it is increasingly argued in the literature that QoE should be seen as a multi-dimensional concept, this paper focuses on QoE from an interdisciplinary perspective.

Mobile phones have become new common tools for creating image and video content, but the research on user-created mobile videos is still rather rare. In this paper we present our on-going research looking at the use of mobile phone as a video camera. In this position paper we describe two studies that concentrate on two different aspects of mobile video composition, i.e. creating minimovies and using mobile video in everyday life settings. The authors believe that the research may reveal new usage practices or further possibilities that are linked e.g. to the social culture or with the use of the specific technology.

Heterogeneous Networks is the integration of all existing networks under a single environment with an understanding between the functional operations and also includes the ability to make use of multiple broadband transport technologies and to support generalized mobility. It is a challenging feature for Heterogeneous networks to integrate several IP-based access technologies in a seamless way. The focus of this paper is on the requirements of a mobility management scheme for multimedia real-time communication services - Mobile Video Conferencing. Nowadays, the range of available wireless access network technologies includes cellular or wide-area wireless systems, such as cellular networks (GSM/GPRS/UMTS) or Wi-Max, local area Network or personal area wireless systems, comprising for example, WLAN (802.11 a/b/g) and Bluetooth. As the mobile video conferencing is considered, the more advanced mobile terminals are capable of having more than one interface active at the same time. In a...

Quality of Experience (QoE) is emerging as the holy grail of human-centric multimedia services. QoE is a multi-disciplinary field based on social psychology, cognitive science, economics and engineering science, focused on understanding overall human quality of experience requirements. QoE has been viewed as the pivotal set of metrics in determining the success or failure of any product or service. In real time environment, QoE is influenced by multiple service factors such as application and network level QoS ...

The number of subscribers to 3G mobile networks in Indonesia is around 8.2% of total mobile phone subscribers, which shows a very low number compared with other countries. There exists a huge potential market which is yet to be exploited. To capitalize on this market, however, it is important to know the potential use of the 3G mobile networks in Indonesia as a developing country. One of the potential uses of the 3G mobile networks is 3G mobile multimedia services. To understand the current status and potential of 3G mobile multimedia services use among Indonesians, it is important to explore the reason why some Indonesians have, and others haven't yet, embraced 3G mobile multimedia services, and perceiving these services. In this article, we present key findings of our research that addresses these objectives. Our study reveals that although many respondents aware of the 3G technology, only 47% of respondents use 3G mobile multimedia services. Even those who use 3G mobile multimedia services have perceived only a limited use of 3G mobile multimedia services. The service that they mostly use is the internet access followed by video call and mobile TV. The services such as video email, mobile video, movie preview, and video surveillance are not much used. 53% of respondents do not use 3G mobile multimedia services though some of them have 3G services support mobile phone. The main reasons they cited for non using 3G services are high cost of the services, no compatible hand devices, family and friends do not use 3G mobile multimedia services, and 3G applications and services are not easy to use.

The construction industry is acknowledged to be heavily dependent on information flow and communications. Electronic communication from one office to another is relatively straightforward with today's technology. However, when one of the parties wishing to communicate is based out on the construction site, problems of remoteness and insufficient infrastructure can limit the effectiveness of their communications. The emergence of wearable

Subjectively perceived video quality is a critical factor when adopting new mobile video applications. When video is used in mobile networks the most important requirements are related to low bitrates, framerates and the screen size of mobile device. In two tests we investigated the effects of codecs and combinations of audio and video streams with low bitrates and different contents on the perceived video quality of mobile devices. The first test showed that the codec H.264 produced the most satisfying video quality, but the quality was not high enough for the presentation of textual information. In the second test, the audio-video ratio 32/128kbps was found to be the most pleasant, but there were content dependent variations.

Ubiquitous computing promises a computing environment that seamlessly and pervasively delivers applications to the user, despite changes of resources, devices, and locations. However, few ubiquitous multimedia applications (UMAs) exist up-to-date. One of the main reasons lies in the fact that it is difficult and error-prone to build a UMA which is mobile and deployable in different ubiquitous environments, and still provides acceptable application-specific Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees. In this paper, we present the ...

The increase of powerful mobile devices has accelerated the demand for mobile videos. Previous studies in mobile video have focused on understanding of mobile video usage, improvement of video quality, and user interface design in video browsing. However, research focusing on a deep understanding of users' needs for a pleasing quality delivery of mobile video is lacking. In particular, what quality-delivery mode users prefer and what information relevant to video quality they need requires attention. This paper presents a qualitative interview study with 38 participants to gain an insight into three aspects: influencing factors of user-desired video quality, user-preferred qualitydelivery modes, and user-required interaction information of mobile video. The results show that user requirements for video quality are related to personal preference, technology background and video viewing experience, and the preferred quality-delivery mode and interactive mode are diverse. These complex user requirements call for flexible and personalised quality delivery and interaction of mobile video.

Transmission of multi-view video content is not practical in most mobile environments due to the limited bandwidth and processing power of mobile devices. To support such environments, one can limit the number of views that are being transmitted, known as Scalable Multi-view Video Coding (SMVC). In this paper, we propose a new view selection method for view scalability in multi-view video coding in mobile environments, which uses inter and intra view dissimilarities to determine the most suitable views for the base layer corresponding to the prediction structure and user selected limited number of views. By selecting more correlated views for the base layer, the proposed method provides an improved performance, as confirmed by simulation results, even when all the enhancement layers are dropped due to network limitations.

We propose and empirically test a model of user acceptance of digital media convergence. Integrating information system research, particularly the paradigm of task-technology fit and the platform-application dichotomy, and theories from media psychology and human-computer interaction, we theorize the fit between the content applications and the media platform as the key determinant of user evaluation and acceptance of digital media convergence. We empirically tested our theory in the context of mobile video entertainment services. Specifically, we hypothesize that both the duration of the video content (i.e., the characteristic of the content) and the attentional constraint of the mobile media platform (i.e., the characteristic of the media platform) jointly determine users' attentional involvement (i.e., reflecting the fit) in the video content. Such involvement in turn influences users' emotional enjoyment and satisfaction with the mobile video entertainment service. The empirical results support most of our hypotheses. Two key findings are: (1) in the case of media convergence, the attentional constraint of the target media platform significantly influences user experience during content delivery that may lead to the rejection of media convergence; and (2) the duration of the content interacts with both the attentional constraint of the media platform and the type of interruptions from the environment in determining attentional involvement and emotional enjoyment. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications from our empirical findings.

We would like to provide high-quality video conferencing so that people can communicate comfortably with each other anywhere, anytime. This is not a new goal, and there are now several applications such as Skype TM and FaceTime TM on mobile platforms that bring us closer to achieving anywhere, anytime video communications. Alas, these mobile conferences are often of poor quality due to the many challenges presented by mobile devices, such as constrained networks, limited processing power, small displays, and uncontrolled view angles and lighting. These challenges mean that simply porting existing desktop video conferencing solutions to portable devices does not provide the best user experience. Fortunately, these mobile devices also have many advantages that we can exploit to enable better-quality portable video conferences. In this paper we describe how we exploit the devices' mobility and embedded sensors to detect and fix two problems that are often ignored but that adversely affect user experience: bad view angles and too-tiny views of people and content, especially in multi-party conferences. Please note that what we describe is very much an experimental prototype and not a finished project.

Pico projectors are expected to become increasingly popular in the near future, in particular when embedded in mobile devices such as smart phones, portable media players and digital cameras. Consumers seeking more features and attracted to all in one portable devices, will find such integrated devices very appealing. However the resolution and the brightness provided by integrated mobile projectors are much lower than what standard projectors commonly offer. Our collaborative scheme based on our synchronization technique provides a means of increasing resolution and brightness for the video projected by such mobile devices, significantly enhancing the viewing experience for the user.

SUMMARY: Following the trend in computer and network architecture towards smaller and lighter devices that are more or less constantly connected to the Internet through wireless access networks, mobile computing has emerged as a promising means to improve the possibilities of distributed collaborative teamwork. However, the mobility support implemented in state of the art collaboration software has hitherto been rather limited. In this paper we investigate the emerging technologies for wireless network access and mobile ...

We describe our experiences in designing new media technologies in cooperation with Liberia's Truth and Reconciliation Commission. This work includes two major projects: a dynamic, interactive Web site for the Commission, and a mobile video-sharing kiosk ...

The key to proper resource allocation for mobile video on wireless networks is to have a good model for the resource demands. In this paper, we present the results of analysis of a number of mobile video streams and show that a simple seasonal ARIMA model (SAM) can provide a very good representation for both MPEG4-Part2 and MPEG4-Part10 videos, the formats that are commonly used for mobile videos. The model has been implemented to provide both video frame and RTP packet generators. The model can be used to represent different movies and can be easily adjusted to produce different workloads for simulation studies. We use the SAM generator to compare the performance of three different scheduling methods for video over WiMAX networks: Earliest Deadline First (EDF), Deficit Round Robin (DRR) and a combination of the two. The results show that under overload, EDF introduces unfairness. DRR with deadline is fair and gives the best performance.

A novel fully comprehensive mobile video communications system is proposed in this paper. This system exploits the useful rate management features of the video transcoders and combines them with error resilience for transmissions of coded video streams over general packet radio service (GPRS) mobileaccess networks. The error-resilient video transcoding operation takes place at a centralized point, referred to as a video proxy, which provides the necessary output transmission rates with the required amount of robustness. With the use of this proposed algorithm, error resilience can be added to an already compressed video stream at an intermediate stage at the edge of two or more different networks through two resilience schemes, namely the adaptive intra refresh (AIR) and feedback control signaling (FCS) methods. Both resilience tools impose an output rate increase which can also be prevented with the proposed novel technique in this paper. Thus, an error-resilient video transcoding scheme is presented to give robust video outputs at near target transmission rates that only require the same number of GPRS timeslots as the nonresilient schemes. Moreover, an ultimate robustness is also accomplished with the combination of the two resilience algorithms at the video proxy. Extensive computer simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.

High energy consumption has become a challenge for multimedia applications on mobile platforms. We propose a cross layer framework that integrates complexity adaptation and energy conservation for mobile video calls. First we select the most utility-aware encoding and decoding parameters for videos of different motion levels through extensive offline profiling and analysis. Then we design a feedback algorithm to adaptively apply different coding parameters while monitoring the system performance online during a video call. To minimize energy consumption, we utilize Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) for the CPU and buffered transmissions for the network. Our experimental results show an effective saving on energy consumption, with on average 52% savings on the CPU and 30% on the wireless network, while still maintaining high quality service.

The ability to quantify Quality of Experience (QoE, i.e. the users' subjective perception of the 'overall acceptability of an application or service'), will play a major role in the success of future multimedia services such as mobile video watching. Such QoE-evaluations are however still challenging, especially in reallife (or so-called 'Living Lab'), user settings. According to our knowledge, this paper is the first to present a methodology for the multi-dimensional quantification of QoE during mobile video watching in real-life settings. A measurement study drawing on the evaluation of objective and subjective QoE aspects by a user panel resulted in a model for quantifying QoE during mobile video watching based on user behavior and technical parameters such as network and video quality.

Digital camera functionality integrated into mobile phones is providing a new tool for users to create content, however user created mobile videos have so far remained a rather unexplored area. In this paper we present a study of 263 teenage girls who created and authored minimovies using the N73 mobile phone. In a semi-controlled setting, the participants produced 82 minimovies, analysed in this paper for their structure, style and feature usage. We compare across age groups, and discuss lessons learnt regarding the ...

Quality of Experience (QoE) is emerging as the holy grail of human-centric multimedia services. QoE is a multi-disciplinary field based on social psychology, cognitive science, economics and engineering science, focused on understanding overall human quality of experience requirements. QoE has been viewed as the pivotal set of metrics in determining the success or failure of any product or service. In real time environment, QoE is influenced by multiple service factors such as application and network level QoS ...

Resumo: Este artigo discute o uso de dispositivos móveis na denúncia de recentes episódios de violência racial nos Estados Unidos. A partir de três vídeos feitos por smartphones que registraram o momento em que negros norte-americanos foram mortos pela polícia no ano de 2016, observa-se o papel dos dispositivos móveis no registro destas mortes, o apelo alcançado pelas imagens diante da midiatização da sociedade atual e a emergência de movimentos de ativismo e resistência negra.
Como resultado, observamos que as imagens amadoras analisadas, de alto apelo emocional, carregadas de violência e “realismo”, colaboraram para a difusão do movimento contra a violência racial no país.

A well known challenge with mobile video streaming is fluctuating bandwidth. As the client devices move in and out of network coverage areas, the users may experience varying signal strengths, competition for the available resources and periods of network outage. These conditions have a significant effect on video quality.