Mechanical Engineering-Biomedical applications

The main purpose of the paper is to study the aerodynamic and stability characteristics of a blended-wing-body (BWB) aircraft. This paper presents the estimation and selection of aircraft design parameters, planform design, reflex airfoils, and conduct thorough stability investigation of the aircraft. A conceptual design of BWB aircraft has been done and the design was analyzed and refined to achieve static stability. The CFD analysis of the BWB aircraft was done at three different values of angle-of-attack (AOA) and thus the stall AOA was determined from the computational results. The dynamic stability of the aircraft has been studied under five modes namely-short period, phugoid, Dutch-roll, roll and spiral. The static stability has been achieved with a wide positive value of static margin. Results also show that the aircraft is dynamically stable for longitudinal and lateral modes when subjected to disturbances in respective conditions. The BWB aircraft fulfils the criteria of Class I Category B aircraft and shows flight level 1 characteristics in all stability modes.

Teff is one of the most grown crops and a preferable food in Ethiopia. Wholesale prices for Teff are relatively high, making the crop attractive to some producers as a cash crop, production costs are also high, implying fertilizer prices and the labor-intensive nature of the crop. Now a daysteff got attention of international market. But, productivity yields are relatively low (around 1.2 tones/ha) and suffer from high loss rates (25-30% both before and after harvest). Respective bodies tried to take different actions to improve the productivity of teff. It has been argued recently that low teff productivity is partly caused by the way farmers sow teff seed; broadcasting teff seed by hand using a rate of 25-50 kg per hectare. Researchers approved reducing the seed rate to between 2.5 and 3 kg per hectare by row planting allows for reduced competition between seedlings and optimal tillering of the teff plants. This study was aimed to design and prototyping of teff row planter and fertilizer applier. It will improve productivity of teff and reduces cost of teff production process. Literature review and visiting of existing teff row planter machines, conceptual and embodiment design procedures, modeling machine components by solid work software, manufacturing the components and assembling of machine in Debre Berhan university manufacturing workshop, testing the applicability of machine on farm were used as methodology. The metering of teff and the locomotion mechanism of the machine has given more emphasis through the design and manufacturing process. The researchers designed ten rows planter. Due to lack of appropriate manufacturing machine and material, actually obtained a machine which can plant six rows in one trip. For better result and applicability, components should produce with appropriate machine and from appropriate material. some shaking mechanism also recommended for better performance.

Physical properties of crops are important parameters to be considered during the design and development of harvesting, separation, cleaning and processing machines. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate some moisture-dependent physical properties of gmelina seeds, namely; seed dimensions, surface area, projected area, sphericity, bulk density, true density, porosity, and static coefficient of friction against different materials. The analysis of variance shows that, moisture content significantly (P≤ 0.05) affects all the physical properties studied, apart from the efficient of static friction. From the results, increasing moisture content from 30 to 51 % (w.b), the length, width, thickness, the geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area and volume of the nut increased significantly (P<0.05) from 12.99 to 15.47mm, 6.31to 9.19 mm, 5.49 to 7.42 mm, 7.66 to 10.18 mm, 59.07 to 65.92 %, 185.12 to 326.81 mm 2 and 238.09 to 558.49 mm 3 respectively. In addition, increasing moisture content from 30 to 51 % (w.b), the corresponding values for nut and fruit bulk density were 387 to 701 kg/m 3 and 327 to 615 kg/m 3 respectively; while the true density had 790 to 1065 kg/m 3 and 637 to 887 kg/m 3 respectively; whereas, the porosity decreased from 51.01 to 34.18 % and 48.67 to 30.67 % respectively for the nut and fruit. kg/m 3 .. The static angle of friction was determined on four different contacting materials, plywood, robber, galvanized iron sheet, and formica surfaces. At all moisture contents, the maximum frictions are offered by plywood, followed by the rubber, galvanized iron and formica surfaces.

The main purpose of the paper is to study the aerodynamic and stability characteristics of a blended-wing-body (BWB) aircraft. This paper presents the estimation and selection of aircraft design parameters, planform design, reflex airfoils, and conduct thorough stability investigation of the aircraft. A conceptual design of BWB aircraft has been done and the design was analyzed and refined to achieve static stability. The CFD analysis of the BWB aircraft was done at three different values of angle-of-attack (AOA) and thus the stall AOA was determined from the computational results. The dynamic stability of the aircraft has been studied under five modes namely-short period, phugoid, Dutch-roll, roll and spiral. The static stability has been achieved with a wide positive value of static margin. Results also show that the aircraft is dynamically stable for longitudinal and lateral modes when subjected to disturbances in respective conditions. The BWB aircraft fulfils the criteria of Cl...

The main purpose of the paper is to study the aerodynamic and stability characteristics of a blended-wing-body (BWB) aircraft. This paper presents the estimation and selection of aircraft design parameters, planform design, reflex airfoils, and conduct thorough stability investigation of the aircraft. A conceptual design of BWB aircraft has been done and the design was analyzed and refined to achieve static stability. The CFD analysis of the BWB aircraft was done at three different values of angle-of-attack (AOA) and thus the stall AOA was determined from the computational results. The dynamic stability of the aircraft has been studied under five modes namely-short period, phugoid, Dutch-roll, roll and spiral. The static stability has been achieved with a wide positive value of static margin. Results also show that the aircraft is dynamically stable for longitudinal and lateral modes when subjected to disturbances in respective conditions. The BWB aircraft fulfils the criteria of Cl...

Investment in pension schemes is influence by the perception of the investors. The objective of this research is to access the investor's perception on pension schemes and to find the factors involving in investor's perception for pension scheme. This research focuses on the perception of the investors for investment in pension schemes in Allahabad. Talking random sampling of 1000 investors and statistical methods are applied for analyzing the data collected for this research. This research focuses on investor's positive mindset for pension schemes. The pension scheme opted or selected by investors for after service life. Investors collecting the information from pension expert and after expert opinion then invest their money in pension. Most of the investors choose market linked pension schemes for investment selection in pension schemes.

The aim of the presented paper is to understand the latest trends in Internal Combustion Engine while maintaining its prime focus on six stroke engine. The underlying idea to write this paper is to try and implement a 6 stroke engine coupled to an electric motor in hybrid car. This would then be numerically analyzed with existing hybrid cars. The important aspect is to actually combine the beneficial actions of both hybrid technology and 6 stroke engines and to study its after effects. The parameters during the comparison are efficiencies, fuel consumption, etc. The paper progresses with the governing principles in ideal case and then slowly implementing the idea in practical sense. Also the predicted fuel economy is been discussed below.

"This paper presents the voice activity detection (VAD) using basic parameters. The voice is found to have hoarseness in case of thyroid and laryngeal cancer patients. It is useful for the better analysis of pathological voices in presence of background noise. Automatic voice pathology detection and classification is important in the voice disorder assessment. Here, two pitch detection algorithms are used for the analysis. This enhanced voice enables the early detection and diagnosis of type of pathology related to the patient. Mr. G.B. Gour | Dr. V. Udayashankara""Voice Activity Detection and Pitch analysis in Pathological Voices"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2324.pdf
Article URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/bio-mechanicaland-biomedical-engineering/2324/voice-activity-detection-and-pitch-analysis-in-pathological-voices/mr-gb-gour"

Fouling in gas turbine compressor has proven to be inevitable, but online compressor washing has shown to be promising in mitigating the effects of fouling. Despite the several researches and experiments carried out in laboratories or actual engine operations as presented in literatures, the economic benefit is always very important. This research aim to present the optimum online compressor water washes frequency and determines the creep life of the high pressure turbine HPT, which in this case is the first and second stage of the rotor blades. A Siemens twin shaft industrial gas turbine (SGT200 Tornado) was used for the performance simulation and degradation model. The engine code for Tornado gas turbine was not available in the Turbomatch library, as such data provided by engine manufacturer (Siemens, Lincoln, UK), was applied at the design point and the Turbomatch engine program ran successfully for both design and off-design point with the supplied data. The engine model was deteriorated with knowledge of underlying fouling mechanism and the possibility to apply the design point data using Pythia software and the non-linear gas path analysis with measurable parameters. Larson-Miller parameter LMP approach was applied in determining the effect of increasing turbine entry temperature TET on high power turbine HPT creep life. Hence, the compressor wash optimisation was determined, and the optimum online compressor wash interval was found to be once in every four days. The sensitivity analysis for the price of electricity, shutdown cost, fuel price, and degradation rate was tested, and the results are presented.

This paper presents an original design and construction of a small scale, mobile, universal, ecological, chamber, active, dryer "MUECHAS" for drying medical and aromatic plants and non-timber forest products. The drying process uses only solar energy. The drying agent is a mixture of hot pure air and already used drying agent from the drying chamber exhaust. Pure air is heated in flat plate solar collectors and it is pulled by an electrical fan placed on the top of the drying chamber. The mobility of the collectors and dryer provides optimal utilization of sun energy throughout the day. PV modules, placed on the roof of the dryer, generate all necessary electric power for the fan, the control system and charge a set of accumulators during the day. Experimental results and kinetics of the drying process obtained by the solar dryer prototype are also given.

A long time ago, nature proved that even the hardest engineering materials change their shape and form when water is applied to them. The new shape formed by this phenomenon can be both valuable and/or attractive. In modern industry, water cutting technology is divided into two groups. Water jet cutting technology, which is cutting with pure water and abrasive water jet cutting technology, which uses water embedded with fine abrasive particles. Clean water jet cutting technology is suitable for "soft engineering materials" for instance paper, wood, textiles, food and plastic. It is extensively used technology in industries to cut almost everything from frozen chickens to one-use diapers. On the other hand, when "hard engineering materials" need to be cut, the addition of fine abrasive particles such as garnet allows one to cut almost any engineering material whether it be marble (as used in Al-Masjid Al-Haram, The Holy Mosque, in Makkah, KSA) or tool steel, and in thickness up to 200 mm. In this review paper, the primary objective is to highlight the state-of-the-art of the abrasive water jet cutting technology and the promise for micro-and nano-machining in modern industry.

With the majority of the world's fiber use relying on wood, cotton and petrochemicals, the use of alternative fiber sources in manufacturing is rapidly gaining importance in reaching the Sustainable Development Goal's on innovation and responsible production. Lucidly, Enset is a main staple crop in southern and central Ethiopia where the pulp is fermented for food production but its strong fibers are now only used for local rope making or they are discarded. Hence, importance of processing this agricultural product for industrial application is explicit and characterization is, thus, mandatory. This paper presents the characteristics of a single Enset fiber in tension using Optimal Experiment Design and Digital Image Correlation techniques. To do so, Enset fiber sample with 10cm length glued to sand paper case with TIPIX application and speckle formation is prepared. Fiber density is measured by a Pycnometer to estimate a cross sectional area. Then, a known amount of load has been gradually applied until failure. And, images are taken while the extension is taking place using the limes camera. The retort of every point is used with analogue data to make a correlation using correlated solution software (Vic2D), and related scrutiny to determine fiber properties. Bundle test has also been used to reinforce the result. This work reports the properties of the fiber to be: Density: 1.4 g/cm3; Strength: 67Mpa-923Mpa, Mean strength: 647MP; E modulus: 12Gpa-69Gpa, Mean E modulus: 46MPa. Here, the major reason behind the smallest value in the range is the manual fiber extraction utilized in light of extracting the pulp.

This article reviews the results of the studies, which are presented in the selected papers of the special issue “Transportation Engineering Technology” of the International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (IJMEA). The results of the studies, introduced here by the authors, have helped to determine which research problems related to the Transportation Engineering Technology are interested in Vietnam.

This paper discusses the different operating conditions of three refrigerants i.e. R22, R410A and R32. For analysis 1 Ton of window air conditioner has been chosen. Basically the operating cycle is a simple vapour compression refrigeration cycle with hermitically sealed compressor. The HFC groups of refrigerants do not have any Ozone Depletion Potential and refrigerants like R32 has the advantage of lower Global Warming Potential (GWP:675) with compare to R22 (GWP:1700) and R410A(GWP:2100) refrigerants. As per the indication of Montreal and Kyoto protocol, the world community has decided to phase down the HCFC group refrigerants. The refrigeration and air conditioning industry required to evaluate new alternative refrigerants to HCFC-22 also known as R22. The performance parameters like, pressure ratio, condensing temperature, discharge temperature of the compressor, power consumption and COP of the system were analyzed and compared.

A heat flow and fluid flow investigation of double tube heat exchanger by means of warped tape insert under the mixing water based nano fluids. In this article Aluminium oxide and Titanium oxide was used to get better performance heat exchanging device. A different mass flow rate of fluids used to conduct the experiment and gathered various surface temperature for analyses the heat flow augmentation. A heat flow rate Nano fluids 10 to 12% was enhanced compare with the plain base water. A heat flow with liquid flow Aluminum oxide was enhanced with +8% compare with the plain base water. A heat transfer characteristics titanium oxide were augment with raise of Re and 12% was augmented compare with the plain water. However heat flow and liquid flow heat exchanging device was increasing with volume of Nano fluids increased and leading to friction factor.

Solar energy is the most abundant form of energy on this planet. In Europe and other countries with relatively low temperatures, where hot water is one of the basic needs for human beings, solar collectors are used to fulfilling their needs. In this paper performance of the solar collector will be analyzed using ANSYS software. Under specific conditions, different analyses will be performed to evaluate the performance of a solar collector containing water as heat transfer fluid. A Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD analysis will be performed to check the heat transfer capability of copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al). The surging temperature could cause deformation, so in this paper, ANSYS structural software will be used to analyze the sustainability of structure under solar heat, so the performance of each material in solar energy applications can be estimated. After these analyses, we will be able to predict the maximum output temperature accurately we can obtain at a different time of the day, and each temperature we will analyze the maximum deformation within the structure because the pipes of solar collectors are not usually too thick, so the selection of material for the pipe is crucial. The purpose of this work is to simulate the performance of solar collectors under specific conditions and understand the temperature distribution along with the collector and also analyze the deformation we can obtain at different temperatures.

The study was a pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design. The study was to determine the effect of Dreyfus model of training on Motor Vehicle Mechanic Work students’ skill acquisition in Technical Colleges. Specifically, the study seeks to find out the effect of using; Dreyfus model of training compared to Demonstration method on student’s achievement on suspension system, braking system and student’s interest on Motor Vehicle Mechanic Work Trade. The population for this study comprises of 233 respondents NTC II students of MVMW. The sample size for this study was 43 NTC students selected from the study. Instruments used for data collection were: Auto-mechanics Achievement Test (AAT) with 40 multiple questions, marking scheme answer options (A-D) and Auto-Mechanics Interest Inventory (AMII) with 30 items. Score guide sheet based on four-point rating scale used by teachers or ratter. The Cronbach Alpha Reliability Coefficient of the test instrument ...

The main purpose of the paper is to study the aerodynamic and stability characteristics of a blended-wing-body (BWB) aircraft. This paper presents the estimation and selection of aircraft design parameters, planform design, reflex airfoils, and conduct thorough stability investigation of the aircraft. A conceptual design of BWB aircraft has been done and the design was analyzed and refined to achieve static stability. The CFD analysis of the BWB aircraft was done at three different values of angle-of-attack (AOA) and thus the stall AOA was determined from the computational results. The dynamic stability of the aircraft has been studied under five modes namely-short period, phugoid, Dutch-roll, roll and spiral. The static stability has been achieved with a wide positive value of static margin. Results also show that the aircraft is dynamically stable for longitudinal and lateral modes when subjected to disturbances in respective conditions. The BWB aircraft fulfils the criteria of Class I Category B aircraft and shows flight level 1 characteristics in all stability modes.

At present closed and open loop geothermal heat pumps are in use. Nevertheless, they have disadvantages, which seriously limit their wide use. First disadvantage is the shortage of rather large free areas for laying underground heat exchangers in form of rather long pipelines. This problem arises especially in towns and large cities. Second disadvantage is the rather expensive and often not affordable construction of heating and cooling systems, sourced by heat pumps. For overcoming mentioned disadvantages and increasing energy efficiency and cost effectiveness of heating and cooling systems a new structure of heat pump and method for its calculation and design are suggested. Because the developed heat pump is able round year efficiently satisfying thermal needs for different purposes of a house it is called "universal heat pump".