Mash Up

Since the invention of the Web, the browser has become more and more powerful. By now, it is a programming and execution environment in itself. The predominant language to program applications in the browser today is JavaScript. With browsers becoming more powerful, JavaScript has been extended and new layers have been added (e.g., DOM-Support and XPath). Today, JavaScript is very successful and applications and GUI features implemented in the browser have become increasingly complex. The purpose of this paper is to improve the programmability of Web browsers by enabling the execution of XQuery programs in the browser. Although it has the potential to ideally replace JavaScript, it is possible to run it in addition to JavaScript for more flexibility. Furthermore, it allows instant code migration from the server to the client and vice-versa. This enables a significant simplification of the technology stack. The intuition is that programming the browser involves mostly XML (i.e., DOM)...

Service oriented architectures (SOAs) based on Web Services have attracted a great interest and IT investments during the last years, principally in the context of business-to-business integration within corporate intranets. However, they are nowadays evolving to break through enterprise boundaries, in a revolutionary attempt to make the approach pervasive, leading to what we cali a user-centric SOA, i.e. a SOA conceived as a Web of Services made up of compositional resources that empowers end-users to ubiquitously exploit these resources by collaboratively remixing them. In this paper we explore the architectural basis, technologies, frameworks and tools considered necessary to face this novel visión of SOA. We also present the rationale behind EzWeb/FAST: an undergoing EU fimded project whose first outcomes could serve as a preliminary proof of concept.

Przedmiotem artyku³u s¹ problemy zwi¹zane z pytaniami fundacyjnymi ("wy¿szego rzêdu") w teorii stosunków miêdzynarodowych (dalej: TSM). Zadaae je musi ka¿da teoria spo³eczna zanim spróbuje odpowiedzieae na pytania dotycz¹ce jej konkretnej dziedziny, czyli pytania "pierwszego rzêdu". TSM zatem równie¿ musi siê zaj¹ae podstawami badañ spo³ecznych: natur¹ podmiotu sprawczego i jego stosunkiem do ca³ooeci (struktur) spo³ecznych, rol¹ idei i czynników materialnych w ¿yciu spo³ecznym, w³aoeciwym sposobem wyjaoeniania i kryteriami, wed³ug których mo¿na o tym rozstrzygaae itd. (Wendt, 2008: 14). Zasadniczo odpowiedzi na te pytania udziela filozofia nauki. Badacze stosunków miêdzynarodowych musz¹ jednak sformu³owaae w³asne odpowiedzi, poniewa¿ "nie mog¹ zajmowaae siê swoj¹ dziedzin¹, nie przyjmuj¹c mocnych przes³anek co do rodzaju spraw czy zjawisk, jakie wystêpuj¹ w ¿yciu miêdzynarodowym, tego, jak s¹ one powi¹zane ze sob¹ oraz jak mo¿na je poznaae. Za³o¿enia takie s¹ szczególnie istotne, poniewa¿ nikt nie mo¿e 'zobaczyae' pañstwa czy systemu miêdzynarodowego. Polityka miêdzynarodowa nie jest dostêpna naszym zmys³om bezpooerednio, a teorie polityki miêdzynarodowej s¹ czêsto kwestionowane na poziomie ontologii i epistemologii, to jest na poziomie tego co teoretyk 'widzi'" (ibidem: 14). Mo¿na wprawdzie oczekiwaae, ¿e wraz z rozwojem dyscypliny prowadzone w jej ramach badania empiryczne przes¹dz¹ o tym, która teoria jest najlepsza, jednak badania "nieobserwowalnego" przedmiotu musz¹ byae poprzedzone przyjêtymi za³o¿eniami teoretycznymi. Taki wymóg narzuca nieusuwalny dystans miêdzy teori¹ a rzeczywis-tooeci¹. Podstawowym celem artyku³u jest analiza odpowiedzi, jakich badacze stosunków miêdzynarodowych udzielali na pytania "wy¿szego rzêdu". W szczególnooeci zaoe rozstrzygniêcie, czy udawanie siê do filozofii nauki po radê, jakich odpowiedzi nale¿y udzieliae, gwarantuje powodzenie? Jeoeli natomiast odpowiedzi filozofów nauki nie bêd¹ satysfakcjonuj¹ce, warto przedstawiae alternatywne sposoby postêpowania. Etapom realizacji wymienionych celów odpowiadaj¹ trzy kolejne czêoeci artyku³u. W czêoeci pierwszej przedstawiono odpowiedzi na pytania "wy¿szego rzêdu" udzielane w TSM. Koncentruj¹c siê na trzeciej i czwartej debacie, przywo³ano skrótowo ich zawartooeae i istotê. Czêoeae druga zawiera odpowiedzi, jakich na pytania "wy¿szego rzêdu" udzielaj¹ filozofowie nauki. W czêoeci trzeciej uznaj¹c, ¿e odpowiedzi filozofów nauki nie s¹ rozstrzygaj¹ce, wysuniêto propozycje alternatywnych sposobów postêpowania.

The mapping of different aspects of urban phenomena and their relation to the physical cityscape has been greatly extended by the use of geomatics. The tradition to base reasoning on 'understanding the world' dates from the time of Aristotle. The extension plan for Barcelona (Eixample), developed by Cerdà, which opened the era of modern urban planning, was preceded by analyses of rich data, describing both detailed demographic issues and physical structures. The contemporary, postmodernist city planning continues this tradition, although a shift towards analyses of more human-related issues can be observed, covering, inter alia, citizens' perception, cultural differences and patterns of human activities with regard to distinct social groups. The change towards a more human-related perspective and the inclusion of urban morphology analyses are direct consequences of this trend. The required data may be gathered within a crowd-sourcing participation process. According to communicative planning theory, communication with the wider public is indispensable in order to achieve the best results, and can be realized with the use of sophisticated IT tools. Evidence-based reasoning may be supported by images of significant aesthetic values, which inspire immediate reactions.

Since the invention of the Web, the browser has become more and more powerful. By now, it is a programming and execution environment in itself. The predominant language to program applications in the browser today is JavaScript. With browsers becoming more powerful, JavaScript has been extended and new layers have been added (e.g., DOM-Support and XPath). Today, JavaScript is very successful and applications and GUI features implemented in the browser have become increasingly complex. The purpose of this paper is to improve the programmability of Web browsers by enabling the execution of XQuery programs in the browser. Although it has the potential to ideally replace JavaScript, it is possible to run it in addition to JavaScript for more flexibility. Furthermore, it allows instant code migration from the server to the client and vice-versa. This enables a significant simplification of the technology stack. The intuition is that programming the browser involves mostly XML (i.e., DOM) navigation and manipulation, and the XQuery family of W3C standards were designed exactly for that purpose. The paper proposes extensions to XQuery for Web browsers and gives a number of examples that demonstrate the usefulness of XQuery for the development of AJAX-style applications. Furthermore, the paper presents the design of an XQuery plug-in for Microsoft's Internet Explorer. The paper also gives examples of applications which were developed with the help of this plug-in.

"The main topics of this lecture are the following six ones:

1) A general presentation of the audiovisual text (re-)authoring project and the intended results.
2) Presentation of the selected source corpus.
3) The goal of the practical work and the form of the deliverables.
4) A survey of the specific tasks and activities to be fulfilled.
5) Task description for those using the Interview tool.
6) Task description for those using a word  document or powerpoint presesentation
"

Although Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs) were not designed for multimedia processing, they speed up the development of distributed multimedia applications by allowing the composition or reconfiguration of existing services. For example, the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL) is a powerful tool to orchestrate, model and execute workflows. However, due to its process-oriented approach, it is not directly applicable to data-intensive applications, such as those from the multimedia domain. In this paper, a comprehensive service-oriented infrastructure for multimedia applications is presented that (a) overcomes some drawbacks of BPEL for data-intensive applications and (b) provides tools that further ease the development and use of web services for a broad scope of multimedia applications covering video content analysis, audio analysis and synthesis and multimedia consumption. The proposed service-oriented infrastructure can be easily integrated into existing business processes by using BPEL. A dynamic allocation of cloud computing resources ensures the scalability of a multimedia application. To allow efficient and flexible data transfers in BPEL workflows, an implementation of the Flexible SOAP with Attachments (Flex-SwA) architecture is used that allows data transmission in conjunction with SOAP messages. The protocol requirements of services in the case of real-time, streaming or file transfer can be described by a communication policy. Three use cases of multimedia applications are evaluated.

Personal Learning Environments have emerged as a complementary, even challenging, paradigm to Adaptive Learning Systems. We consider the mash-up era as an appropriate approach for a successful realization of digital personal learning environments. However, mash-ups are also accompanied by critical technical and usability challenges. In this paper, we try to identify some of these challenges and present our solution approach which results in Semantic Mash-up Personal and Pervasive Learning Environments (SMupple).

Service oriented architectures (SOAs) based on Web services have attracted a great interest and IT investments during the last years, principally in the context of business-to-business integration within corporate Intranets. However, they are nowadays evolving to break through enterprise boundaries, in a revolutionary attempt to make the approach pervasive, leading to what we call the ubiquitous SOA, i.e. a SOA

Open Data (OD) is an emerging trend that aims to facilitate the freedom and reuse of information. Therefore, tools, applications and platforms are required that enable the publishing and consumption of data. In this paper, we present our experience from the integration of components that should constitute an OD platform. The proposed solution is able to store datasets as linked data, to catalogue the datasets, and provides a portal with features for supporting community activities. Further, we exemplify the utilization of the proposed platform, by describing a touristic city guide web mashup that uses published Open Data. This application consumes data in machine readable format over APIs provided by the OD platform.

Open Data (OD) is an emerging trend that aims to facilitate the freedom and reuse of information. Therefore, tools, applications and platforms are required that enable the publishing and consumption of data. In this paper, we present our experience from the integration of components that should constitute an OD platform. The proposed solution is able to store datasets as linked data, to catalogue the datasets, and provides a portal with features for supporting community activities. Further, we exemplify the utilization of the proposed platform, by describing a touristic city guide web mashup that uses published Open Data. This application consumes data in machine readable format over APIs provided by the OD platform.