Manufacturing Planning and Control Systems

Purpose: Existing productivity improvements activities such as inventory buffer, overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) and total productive maintenance (TPM) do not associate the throughput shortage with the process parameters. The paper aims to develop and validate an integrated model to recover the throughput shortage through adjustment of process parameters in a semiconductor assembly setting. Design/methodology/approach: The mathematical model of planned throughput as a function of process parameters in an integrated multiple-process line is developed. When the actual throughput does not meet the planned throughput, throughput shortage occurs. The planned throughput for the next day is summed with the throughput shortage from the previous day, and mathematical programming is used to search the adjusted values of the process parameters. Findings: The throughput shortage can be restored at the following day with the reconfigured process parameters. If throughput shortage still exi...

The objective of this paper is to estimate the manufacturing and product costs by using activity-based costing (ABC) method in an advanced manufacturing system that is run under either material requirements planning (MRP) or just in time (JIT) system. ABC is a method that can overcome many of the limitations of traditional costing systems. This paper reports and discusses the implementation of the ABC alongside a mathematical and simulation model to estimate the manufacturing and product cost in an automated manufacturing system. The potential effects of manufacturing planning and control strategies implemented on financial structure of the manufacturing system are initially analysed. ABC has been used to model the manufacturing and product costs. An extensive analysis has been carried out to calculate the product costs under the two strategies. The comparison of the two strategies in terms of effects on the manufacturing and product costs are carried out to highlight the difference between the two strategies. r

The industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the use of Internet of Things technologies to transform manufacturing and industrial processes. Also known as "industry 4.0", Industrial IoT integrates big data and machine learning technologies to harness the se world has been rapidly adapting smart technologies and connecting everything, which implies everything. To provide the greatest quality service to its consumers, many establishments such as hote use flammable gases such as LPG, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and others. The usage of these gases has undoubtedly made technologies smarter, but it also comes with a risk aspect that poses a threat to human life. As a result, saf becomes a major concern. As a result of this element, a gas detection system was deemed necessary in such accident-prone areas, allowing for continuous monitoring of any form of leakage, regardless of human senses.

This paper studies the problem of scheduling in a flexible job shop. A greedy heuristic is developed to solve precisely the sequencing (allocation) problem. The principle of this approach is to iteratively insert operations on the machines until the objective of minimizing the Cmax (makespan) is reached. The heuristic was tested on a particular Benchmark which considers the transportation times between the machines, and get inspiration from a real assembly cell: the AIP-PRIMECA cell at the University of Valenciennes, that from an OR perspective, can be viewed as Flexible Job Shop, leading to the formulation of a Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSSP). The results obtained by the greedy heuristic on this benchmark are very promising.

The generalized use of computers in industrial automation and the consequent need for connectivity among them resulted in the use of computer networks as building blocks supporting communications in CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) and related technologies (CAD (Computer Aided Design), CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing), CAPP (Computer Aided Production Planning), other). The industrial networks are evolving and present alternatives for the functional levels of the manufacturing environment. In this paper we present the technological alternatives for the industrial networks following the open systems model and we discuss the use of non-standard solutions. The MAP (Manufacturing Automation Protocols) and TOP (Technical Office Protocols) architectures, the field-bus, the FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) and the corporate connectivity are issues discussed.

Ergonomics uses a series of indicators to measure the usability of a production process. The achievement of the set objectives is calculated by means of effectiveness, efficiency and pleasantness. It was found that to improve the output of each individual elementary production unit (ETU) within the production plant it is necessary to rationalize the movements of the workers (effectiveness), to decrease the effort that each individual operator must make to perform his task (efficiency) and to upgrade the man/machine interface (pleasantness). The study of these three factors will lead to objectively improving solutions, aimed at increasing the rationalization and effectiveness of the entire production sector. Adding up all the improvements made to individual ETUs, by means of these economies in movements, efforts and satisfactions of use, we will be able to increase the OEE of the entire factory.

Flexible manufacturing systems are not easy to control and it is difficult to generate controlling systems for this problem domain. Flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) is one of the instances in this domain. It is a problem which acquires the job-shop scheduling problems (JSP). FJSP has additional routing sub-problem in addition to JSP. In routing sub-problem each task is assigned to a machine out of a set of capable machines. In scheduling sub-problem, the sequence of assigned operations is obtained while optimizing the objective function(s). In this work an object-oriented (OO) approach with simulated annealing algorithm is used to simulate multi-objective FJSP. Solution approaches provided in the literature generally use two-string encoding scheme to represent this problem. However, OO analysis, design and programming methodology helps to present this problem on a single encoding scheme effectively which result in a practical integration of the problem solution to manufacturing control systems where OO paradigm is frequently used. Three parameters are considered in this paper: maximum completion time, workload of the most loaded machine and total workload of all machines which are the benchmark used to show the propose system achieve effective result. KEYWORDS Object-oriented manufacturing control, Object-oriented design, Multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling, simulated annealing algorithm.

The objective of this paper is to estimate the manufacturing and product costs by using activity-based costing (ABC) method in an advanced manufacturing system that is run under either material requirements planning (MRP) or just in time (JIT) system. ABC is a method that can overcome many of the limitations of traditional costing systems. This paper reports and discusses the implementation of the ABC alongside a mathematical and simulation model to estimate the manufacturing and product cost in an automated manufacturing system. The potential effects of manufacturing planning and control strategies implemented on financial structure of the manufacturing system are initially analysed. ABC has been used to model the manufacturing and product costs. An extensive analysis has been carried out to calculate the product costs under the two strategies. The comparison of the two strategies in terms of effects on the manufacturing and product costs are carried out to highlight the difference between the two strategies.

Scope & Topics 9 th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CoSIT 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology. The Conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the Computer Science and Information Technology in theoretical and practical aspects. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field. Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to:

We consider a production line consisting of several machines in series separated by intermediate finite-capacity buffers. The line operates under an "echelon buffer" (EB) policy according to which each machine can store the parts that it produces in any of its downstream buffers if the next machine is occupied. If the capacities of all but the last buffer are zero, the EB policy is equivalent to CONWIP. To evaluate the performance of the line under the EB policy, we model it as a queueing network, and we develop a method that decomposes this network into as many nested segments as there are buffers and approximates each segment with a two-machine subsystem that can be analyzed in isolation. For the case where the machines have geometrically distributed processing times, we model each subsystem as a two-dimensional Markov chain that can be solved numerically. The parameters of the subsystems are determined by relationships among the flows of parts through the echelon buffers in the original system. An iterative algorithm is developed to solve these relationships. We use this method to evaluate the performance of several instances of 5-and 10-machine lines including cases where the EB policy is equivalent to CONWIP. Our numerical results show that this method is highly accurate and computationally efficient. We also compare the performance of the EB policy against the performance of the traditional "installation buffer" policy according to which each machine can store the parts that it produces only in its immediate downstream buffer if the next machine is occupied.

8 th International Conference on Cybernetics & Informatics (CYBI 2021) is a forum for presenting new advances and research results in the fields of information, control and system theory, understands the design and function of any system and the relationship among these applications. The conference will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. This conference aims to provide a platform for exchanging ideas in new emerging trends that needs more focus and exposure and will
attempt to publish proposals that strengthen our goals

Most famines in history were a combination of FAD (food availability decline) and FEE (Failure of exchange entitlements). Today, the public policy response to the covid-19 pandemic raises the spectre of a third type of famine, namely a failure of supply chains (FSC) famine, peculiar to post-industrial societies based on intricate divisions of labour and complex, dispersed supply chains. The State cherry picking what’s essential echoes the sort of central planning that’s seen to risk starvation

Flexible manufacturing systems are not easy to control and it is difficult to generate controlling systems for this problem domain. Flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) is one of the instances in this domain. It is a problem which acquires the job-shop scheduling problems (JSP). FJSP has additional routing subproblem in addition to JSP. In routing sub-problem each task is assigned to a machine out of a set of capable machines. In scheduling sub-problem, the sequence of assigned operations is obtained while optimizing the objective function(s). In this work an object-oriented (OO) approach with simulated annealing algorithm is used to simulate multi-objective FJSP. Solution approaches provided in the literature generally use two-string encoding scheme to represent this problem. However, OO analysis, design and programming methodology helps to present this problem on a single encoding scheme effectively which result in a practical integration of the problem solution to manufacturing control systems where OO paradigm is frequently used. Three parameters are considered in this paper: maximum completion time, workload of the most loaded machine and total workload of all machines which are the benchmark used to show the propose system achieve effective result.

Flexible manufacturing systems are not easy to control and it is difficult to generate controlling systems for this problem domain. Flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) is one of the instances in this domain. It is a problem which acquires the job-shop scheduling problems (JSP). FJSP has additional routing subproblem in addition to JSP. In routing sub-problem each task is assigned to a machine out of a set of capable machines. In scheduling sub-problem, the sequence of assigned operations is obtained while optimizing the objective function(s). In this work an object-oriented (OO) approach with simulated annealing algorithm is used to simulate multi-objective FJSP. Solution approaches provided in the literature generally use two-string encoding scheme to represent this problem. However, OO analysis, design and programming methodology helps to present this problem on a single encoding scheme effectively which result in a practical integration of the problem solution to manufacturing control systems where OO paradigm is frequently used. Three parameters are considered in this paper: maximum completion time, workload of the most loaded machine and total workload of all machines which are the benchmark used to show the propose system achieve effective result.

We consider a production line consisting of several machines in series separated by intermediate finite-capacity buffers. The line operates under an "echelon buffer" (EB) policy according to which each machine can store the parts that it produces in any of its downstream buffers if the next machine is occupied. If the capacities of all but the last buffer are zero, the EB policy is equivalent to CONWIP. To evaluate the performance of the line under the EB policy, we model it as a queueing network, and we develop a method that decomposes this network into as many nested segments as there are buffers and approximates each segment with a two-machine subsystem that can be analyzed in isolation. For the case where the machines have geometrically distributed processing times, we model each subsystem as a two-dimensional Markov chain that can be solved numerically. The parameters of the subsystems are determined by relationships among the flows of parts through the echelon buffer...

The aim of this project is to design and implement a Manufacturing Planning and Control system for a company. For academic purposes, we will consider a fictitious company named “ABC Drilling Limited”, a water well drilling company operating from 02 bases: first base in Douala, Cameroon and second one in Lagos, Nigeria. ABC has been operating in Nigeria since 2010 and has expanded its operation in Cameroon for in 2014. ABC imports its equipment from manufacturers in Canada and South-Africa. Below are identification details and an overview of ABC drilling operations. ABC Drilling shares a pool of Drilling equipment and personnel from both operational bases. ABC drills and commission an average of 3 wells per year in Cameroon and 9 wells in Lagos.

Production and operations management (POM) is an important activity in all organizations which can make use now of protocols and networking technologies for providing more efficient tools. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a set of primitives suitable for supporting production management (PM) applications. The PM service is based on the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) protocol of the  Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) architecture. The MMS is modeled according with its companion standard and the solution is oriented for manufacturing.

In the Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) it's aimed the integration of corporate-wide information systems using industrial networks as basic blocks to reach connectivity. The Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) architecture is an international standard compatible with the reference model from ISO (International Standards Organization). The File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM) protocol is a MAP standard which is very important in networks for manufacturing. In this paper are defined the services and the protocol for file manipulation in an heterogeneous environment and are discussed implementation aspects which influence both in the performance and in the processing capabilities on the host computer in an industrial network.

Flexible manufacturing systems are not easy to control and it is difficult to generate controlling systems for this problem domain. Flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) is one of the instances in this domain. It is a problem which acquires the job-shop scheduling problems (JSP). FJSP has additional routing subproblem in addition to JSP. In routing sub-problem each task is assigned to a machine out of a set of capable machines. In scheduling sub-problem, the sequence of assigned operations is obtained while optimizing the objective function(s). In this work an object-oriented (OO) approach with simulated annealing algorithm is used to simulate multi-objective FJSP. Solution approaches provided in the literature generally use two-string encoding scheme to represent this problem. However, OO analysis, design and programming methodology helps to present this problem on a single encoding scheme effectively which result in a practical integration of the problem solution to manufacturing control systems where OO paradigm is frequently used. Three parameters are considered in this paper: maximum completion time, workload of the most loaded machine and total workload of all machines which are the benchmark used to show the propose system achieve effective result.

Flexible manufacturing systems are not easy to control and it is difficult to generate controlling systems for this problem domain. Flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) is one of the instances in this domain. It is a problem which acquires the job-shop scheduling problems (JSP). FJSP has additional routing subproblem in addition to JSP. In routing sub-problem each task is assigned to a machine out of a set of capable machines. In scheduling sub-problem, the sequence of assigned operations is obtained while optimizing the objective function(s). In this work an object-oriented (OO) approach with simulated annealing algorithm is used to simulate multi-objective FJSP. Solution approaches provided in the literature generally use two-string encoding scheme to represent this problem. However, OO analysis, design and programming methodology helps to present this problem on a single encoding scheme effectively which result in a practical integration of the problem solution to manufacturing control systems where OO paradigm is frequently used. Three parameters are considered in this paper: maximum completion time, workload of the most loaded machine and total workload of all machines which are the benchmark used to show the propose system achieve effective result.

Purpose: Existing productivity improvements activities such as inventory buffer, overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) and total productive maintenance (TPM) do not associate the throughput shortage with the process parameters. The paper aims to develop and validate an integrated model to recover the throughput shortage through adjustment of process parameters in a semiconductor assembly setting. Design/methodology/approach: The mathematical model of planned throughput as a function of process parameters in an integrated multiple-process line is developed. When the actual throughput does not meet the planned throughput, throughput shortage occurs. The planned throughput for the next day is summed with the throughput shortage from the previous day, and mathematical programming is used to search the adjusted values of the process parameters. Findings: The throughput shortage can be restored at the following day with the reconfigured process parameters. If throughput shortage still exi...

9th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CoSIT 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and
applications of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology. The Conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the Computer Science and Information Technology in
theoretical and practical aspects. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.

Tactical planning is implemented to balance customer demand and supply capacity within a medium-term and to avoid under- and overcapacity. In engineer-to-order (ETO) environments, under- and overcapacity lead firms to incur substantial costs that can easily wipe out profit margins. ETO-oriented markets like the construction and capital goods sectors are massive in terms of investments and have considerable impact on the gross domestic product (GDP) of nations. This makes demand-supply (DS) balancing highly important in ETO contexts. The purpose of the thesis is to expand the knowledge about how tactical planning contributes to balancing customer demand and supply capacity in ETO settings. This purpose departed from accepting that – based on extent literature – such knowledge about tactical planning is rather generic and fragmented, which calls for further research. The results in the thesis are presented from literature studies, two single case studies and a multiple case study. Since DS balancing in principle means dealing with the complexity stemming from demand and supply, the thesis results focus on how tactical planning manages such complexity in ETO environments. A single case study, focusing on tactical-level planning activities, together with a multiple case study, focusing on cross-functional integration, address how informal tactical-level planning processes contribute to DS balancing. Including a single case study, focusing on S&OP as a formal tactical-level planning process, the three studies form the empirical base of a framework that responds to the purpose of the thesis. The framework considers complexity, which is represented by two dimensions including detail and uncertainty. The thesis contributes to practical aspects by providing guidance to tactical-level planners in ETO environments concerning the areas of improvement to consider when configuring and upgrading the planning process to manage complexity. The theoretical contribution of the thesis is concerned with the developed framework that describes the relation between tactical planning, DS balancing, cross-functional integration and complexity in ETO settings.

The interconnection of computers in networks, such as the Manufacturing Automation Protocols (MAP), brought the need to guarantee an optimum use of the resources involved. The optimization can be achieved by designing the network interface as a front-end processor (FEP) and by implementing a customized nucleus for supporting multi-layer protocol applications. In this paper is described the implementation of a FEP with a nucleus oriented for protocol applications. The description covers the most important design issues for both hardware and software. It is discussed the options adopted considering the characteristics of protocol applications such as layering, hierarchical modeling, inter-process communication and time constraints, among others. The immediate application in sought for the developed FEP is the industrial automation in a mini-MAP network.

A gerência de produção é uma atividade importante no ambiente industrial e, nos dias atuais, pode utilizar a tecnologia de redes industriais para a implementação de seus aplicativos de forma mais eficiente. Neste artigo, é descrita a implementação de um conjunto de primitivas de serviço que suportam a implementação de aplicativos de gerência de produção segundo a modelização de um padrão associado conforme ao padrão MMS em redes industriais para o ambiente da manufatura integrada.

The main objective of this paper is to analyze and propose a mapping of the application layer services on the data link layer in a mini-MAP architecture. In accordance with the mini-MAP structure, the application layer runs the MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification) protocol and the link layer runs the LLC (Logical Link Control) type 3 protocol. First of all we'll present our proposal to implement the mini-MAP architecture and the application layer (MMS), and following that we will discuss the MMS/LLC-3 interface.

Production and operations management (POM) is an important activity in all organizations which can make use now of protocols and networking technologies for providing more efficient tools. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a set of primitives suitable for supporting production management (PM) applications. The PM service is based on the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) protocol of the Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) architecture. The MMS is modeled according with its companion standard and the solution is oriented for manufacturing.