Machine Systems Automation for Agriculture

In recent years automatic vision based technology has become important to many areas including agricultural fields and food industry. Robotic harvesting offers an attractive solution to reducing labour costs while enabling more regular and selective harvesting techniques. The automation technology used in harvesting the yellow bell pepper makes use of open source computer vision platform to detect the crop amidst the foliage using various image processing techniques and send appropriate signals to move the robot to harvest the crop. The web camera feeds real time images to the microcontroller where the digital image is filtered to remove noise and subjected to various feature extraction such as colour detection and size determination and the processed image is displayed over the internet .The detected bell pepper can be harvested by moving the robot with appropriate commands sent over a web application which serves as a communication platform between the user and the robot interfaced using the Bluetooth module.

Agriculture is one of the major sectors of the world that plays a key role in growth the economy of a country. The seed sowing machine is used to sowing the seeds into land for making lots of plant production in agricultural field. The model is proposed with the objective of establishing a seeding and spraying processing. It is a mechanical device; the spraying machine is used to spray the water and chemicals to protect the plant. We can plant different varieties for this machine Different sizes of seeds can make the space between us different two seeds when planting. It also increased planting Efficiency and accuracy made from raw materials so it was much cheaper and more suitable for small-scale farmers. The advantage of this method is that it reduces seeding and spraying time to land and reduces human effort. The cost of this machine is very low and easy to operate simple construction.

A problem in the fish germ trading activity is the counting process of fish germ numbers are still done manually. Manual counting process of fish germ takes a long time and it done inaccurately. The fish germ counter is expected to solve or alleviate this problem. The fish germ counter design is consist of two integrated systems such as electronics systems and mechanical systems. The electronics systems are consist of phototransistor optical sensor, Atmel ATMega8 microcontroller, and display LCD. The Electronics systems are supported by mechanical systems such as a plastic tub, three PVC pipes, three transparent pipes, and an iron frame. The fish germ counter trial result showed that the best accuracy on the 5/8 inch diameter transparent pipe used is 91.2 % with 8.8 % error. The fish germ counter capacity is 75 fishes/minutes. The fish germ counter is not physically harms the fish germ.

This paper describes the design of a fuzzy controlled robot for use in an agricultural environment. This environment comprises of an open, but irregular terrain either supporting crops or sparsely populated with objects. This results in complex problems of identification, monitoring and control. In this paper a fuzzy controller is identified which when used with a novel sensor design can deal with both crop tracking and cutting. The controller was tested on an in-door mobile robot using two ultrasound sensors. The controller showed a good response in-spite of the irregularity of the medium as well as the imprecision in the ultrasound sensors. This Controller will be implemented on both electrical and diesel powered vehicles which can navigate in out-door farm environments.

This article addresses improvement in agriculture processes like automatic planting of seeds on ploughed land by using robot. We have developed a robotic vehicle having four wheels and steered by DC motors. The seed planting mechanism is fitted on the vehicle to plant the seeds in uniform manner. The enhanced agriculture robotic system architecture gives us the opportunity to develop a complete new range of agricultural equipment based on small smart machines. The machine will cultivate the farm by considering particular rows and specific column at fixed distance depending on different seeds. The obstacle detection problem will also be considered, sensed by infrared sensor.Forward movement of the vehicle can be defined by defining delay to microcontroller. Turning of the vehicle can be obtained by position encoder circuit which is fixed to one of the wheel. The complete assembly can be powered by using 12V rechargable battery. The battery can be charged by using solar panel which is also mounted on robot. Assembly language is used in programming the microcontrollers. The whole algorithm, processing, monitoring are designed with dc motors, sensor and encoder circuit. The result obtained through activation unit is also presented.

In order to fulfill all challenges related to design, management, evaluation and reconfiguration of new or existing facilities, the development of a new, integrated and holistic factory framework is required. In this context, a new requirements model is proposed in the context of the innovative framework called Virtual Factory Framework. Using this approach in factory planning it is expected to improve the ability to generate better and more sustainable solutions over the entire factory life-cycle. This paper underlines the use of the life-cycle paradigm in order to enable the future factory planning approaches.

In order to fulfill all challenges related to design, management, evaluation and reconfiguration of new or existing facilities, the development of a new, integrated and holistic factory framework is required. In this context, a new requirements model is proposed in the context of the innovative framework called Virtual Factory Framework. Using this approach in factory planning it is expected to improve the ability to generate better and more sustainable solutions over the entire factory life-cycle. This paper underlines the use of the life-cycle paradigm in order to enable the future factory planning approaches.

Automation and Artificial intelligence has been used to solve the world''s most complex problems. The goal of this study is to develop, evaluate and optimize cowpea seeds quality detection and separating device to meet international export standards. The design of the device was divided into metering, automation, and conveyor belt outlet unit. An evaluation was done using samples made up of good and bad (impurity) portions. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate, model and optimize the device performance. The optimized results were validated using regression and prediction interval (PI) analysis test. The separating efficiency, throughput, maximum capacity, and actual utilization obtained; range from 68.966-94.118%, 0.5-3 kg/hr, 6-36 kg/12 h, 0.083-0.083(8.3%) respectively. These evaluating parameters were significantly affected by the operational factors at P < 0.05. Optimum values obtained are 92%, 2.689 kg/h, 32.781 kg/12 h for impurity separating: efficiency, throughput, and maximum capacity respectively. The prediction interval test shows that the validation experimental mean result lies within calculated prediction intervals. Regression analysis shows a 0.9(90%) coefficient of determination between the model predictions and the validation experimental results. The developed device was recommended to always operate at a metering speed of 20 rpm for optimum performance.

The main objective of Cloud Computing is to provide software, services and computing infrastructures carried out independently by the network. This concept is based on the development of dynamic, distributed and scalable software. In this way there are Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) and agent frameworks which provide tools for developing distributed systems and multiagent systems that can be used for the establishment of cloud computing environments. This paper presents CISM@ (Cloud computing Integrated into Service-Oriented Multi-Agent) architecture set on top of the platforms and frameworks by adding new layers for integrating a SOA and Cloud Computing approach and facilitating the distribution and management of functionalities.