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OBJECTIVE Symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) may reflect distinct breakdowns in the integration of posterior and frontal brain networks. We used a high temporal resolution measure (40-Hz gamma phase synchrony) of brain activity to examine the connectivity of brain function in BPD. METHODS Unmedicated patients with BPD (n = 15) and age-and sex-matched healthy control subjects (n = 15) undertook a task requiring discrimination of salient from background tones. In response to salient stimuli, the magnitude and latency of peak gamma phase synchrony for early (0-150 ms post stimulus) and late (250-500 ms post stimulus) phases were calculated for frontal and posterior regions and for left and right hemispheres. We recorded skin conductance responses (SCRs) and reaction time (RT) simultaneously to examine the contribution of arousal and performance. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients with BPD had a significant delay in early posterior gamma synchrony and a reduction in...

Introduction 1.1. Historic Garry oak ecosystems and First Nations burning Garry oak (Quercus garryana Dougl.) meadows (called prairies in the adjacent northwest United States) are considered one of Canada's most endangered ecosystems (Pojar, 1980; Fuchs, 2001; Stewart, 2001), occurring uniquely in the province of British Columbia on southeast Vancouver Island, adjacent Gulf Islands, and in the Fraser Valley (Erickson, 1993). Urban encroachment, changes in disturbance regime and exotic species threaten the ecosystem. On moist sites, shade-intolerant Garry oaks are replaced by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) unless maintained by disturbance, such as fire (Roemer, 1972; Stewart, 2001). The majority of historic and present-day Garry oak meadows are located within the traditional territories of the Coast Salish First Peoples, who, prior to European settlement, utilized a wide-range

-La loi dite « de Benford » s'applique à une variable X dont le logarithme a une partie fractionnaire uniforme. Il a été montré qu'elle s'applique approximativement à de nombreuses séries numériques réelles. Diverses explications ont été avancées, qui s'appuient sur certaines particularités des données utilisées, en lien avec les caractéristiques de la fonction log. Une hypothèse bien plus élémentaire et générale a toutefois été proposée récemment, selon laquelle c'est le caractère régulier et étalé des données qui, seul, entraîne la loi de Benford. Si cette explication est bonne, la loi de Benford ne dépend pas fondamentalement de l'utilisation de la fonction log. Dans cet article, nous testons la « loi de Benford générale » pour la fonction u selon laquelle la partie fractionnaire de u (X) est uniforme. Des données réelles, des suites mathématiques, et des variables à densité, sont testées pour les fonctions log • log, racine, et x −→ πx 2. Les résultats confirment que la fonction log n'a rien de particulier, et donnent quelques précisions sur l'intérêt et les propriétés des diverses variantes (quand on fixe u) de la loi de Benford générale. mots clés-Densité modulo 1, Loi de Benford, Loi de Benford générale, mathématiques expérimentales summary-General Benford Law A variable X satisfies the "Benford law" if log(X) has a uniform distribution modulo 1. This law approximately applies to many experimental or observational data sets. Many theories have been put forward as explanations for this phenomenon, mostly based on the characteristics of the log function. An elementary new explanation has recently been published, based on the fact that any X whose distribution is "smooth" and "scattered" enough is Benford. Scatter and smoothness of usual data ensure that log(X) is itself smooth and scattered, which in turn implies the Benford characteristic of X. If this explanation is the good one, the Benford law should not depend on the log function itself. In this paper, we define and test a "General Benford Law" for a function u. X satisfies this law if u(X) is uniform modulo 1. Statistical data, mathematical series and continuous variables are tested for functions log • log, x −→ πx 2 , and square root. The results suggest that the Benford law for function log is not pathological, and that other functions also apply to natural data. We discuss possible interests and properties of this general Benford law.

developed a rich and comprehensive intellectual framework about achieving security and coping with separation and loss. Until recently, this theoretical framework has pursued its developmental pathway fairly independently of psychoanalysis and analytic technique. Following Ainsworth and colleagues (1978), who conceptualized the three strategies of coping with separation anxiety (secure, insecure avoidant, and insecure resistant/ambivalent), developmental psychologists have elaborated attachment's stability, its functioning across the life cycle, transmission through generations, and mental representations in adulthood (Bretherton and

This paper centers on the elements that constitute critical thinking starting from the humanization of the human being in search of emancipation. The concepts of humanization and emancipation are elaborated from the starting point of a world conceived ever more as secular and at our disposal, where humanizing is freeing the human being of its bonds, and freedom is freedom from the bonds, therefore, critical thinking has to say what those bonds are. The paper proposes the development of a categorial frame for critical thinking or critical theory, centered on three elements: the ethic of emancipation, justice as guide of the emancipation process, and the relation between the subject and common good.

Souad BEN HAMED 1 I. L'animation en couple « C'est comme une P.M.A ! » Je suis en présence d'un groupe d'animateurs qui se livrent à une association libre autour de la question de « l'animation en couple ». Ils se demandaient si celle-ci est une aide ou plutôt une entrave. « Il m'a appelé à la dernière minute pour dire qu'il ne venait pas, je me sentais anéantie, ça ne se fait pas, on n'abandonne pas comme ça son, son part, son co… quand même ! » déclare la première. « Je ne me vois pas du tout animer seule, je ne sais même pas ce que ça donnerait. Pourtant, des fois, on se rend compte que quand l'un d'entre nous anime, l'autre ne parle presque pas, mais la présence est importante, on se sent moins seul » réplique la deuxième.

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether caries or periodontitis is associated with cardiac arrhythmias in community-dwelling people aged 80 and older. SETTING: Urban, community-based population in Stockholm, Sweden. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS: Eligible persons were identified through the Kungsholmen Project, which is an ongoing, longitudinal, population-based study of the oldest old. The present study included 125 dentate individuals. MEASUREMENTS: Data from interviews, a medical examination, and an oral examination. The assessment of cardiac arrhythmia was based on a clinical examination by a physician or the Stockholm Inpatient Register. Active root caries, active coronal caries, and periodontitis were assessed using previously defined National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: The primary finding of the multivariate logistic regression analysis was that persons with three or more active root caries lesions had more than twice the odds of cardiac arrhythmias than persons without active root caries. The results did not notably change after adjusting for age, medications that reduce saliva, and number of teeth. Persons with one to two active coronal caries lesions had 2.8 times higher odds (95% confidence interval 5 1.1-7.0) of arrhythmia than persons without active coronal caries, but there was no greater risk for persons with three or more coronal caries lesions. There was no association between periodontal disease and arrhythmia. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that there may be a link between active root caries and cardiac arrhythmias in the oldest old. Nevertheless, although a biological pathway is not obvious, it is plausible that both are simply markers of declining general health. The results suggest the need for further study of these relationships.

Let M be a single s-t network of parallel links with load dependent latency functions shared by an infinite number of selfish users. This may yield a Nash equilibrium with unbounded Coordination Ratio [23, 43]. A Leader can decrease the coordination ratio by assigning flow αr on M , and then all Followers assign selfishly the (1 − α)r remaining flow. This is a Stackelberg Scheduling Instance (M, r, α), 0 ≤ α ≤ 1. It was shown [38] that it is weakly NP-hard to compute the optimal Leader's strategy. For any such network M we efficiently compute the minimum portion β M of flow r > 0 needed by a Leader to induce M 's optimum cost, as well as her optimal strategy. This shows that the optimal Leader's strategy on instances (M, r, α ≥ β M) is in P. Unfortunately, Stackelberg routing in more general nets can be arbitrarily hard. Roughgarden presented a modification of Braess's Paradox graph, such that no strategy controlling αr flow can induce ≤ 1 α times the optimum cost. However, we show that our main result also applies to any s-t net G. We take care of the Braess's graph explicitly, as a convincing example. Finally, we extend this result to k commodities. A conference version of this paper has appeared in [16]. Some preliminary results have also appeared as technical report in [18].

Pour lutter efficacement contre ceux qui veulent utiliser les religions pour separer les hommes – ou aneantir ceux qui ne pensent pas comme eux, commencons par etablir un diagnostic a partir de la realite francaise. Nier leur existence ou amplifier leur pouvoir alimente les versions partisanes des uns ou des autres, mais ne permet pas de souder notre vivre-ensemble. Plaquer des theories toutes faites ou des expertises realisees a l’etranger sur notre pays peut provoquer des emotions mais n’aide pas a mieux cerner le probleme. Il s’agit de partir de realites concretes pour comprendre comment le radicalisme se construit et reflechir a comment le desamorcer, sachant qu’un tout petit noyau de jeunes est directement touche par ce systeme sectaire. Faut-il pour autant attendre et ne rien faire ? Les professionnels de la jeunesse savent bien qu’il vaut mieux prevenir que guerir. Pourquoi le discours radical lie a l’islam fait-il de plus en plus autorite sur les jeunes qu’il touche ? Et sur...

The design of new quantum algorithms has proven to be an extremely difficult task. This paper considers a different approach to this task by studying the problem of quantum state generation. We motivate this problem by showing that the entire class of statistical zero knowledge, which contains natural candidates for efficient quantum algorithms such as graph isomorphism and lattice problems, can be reduced to the problem of quantum state generation. To study quantum state generation, we define a paradigm which we call adiabatic state generation (ASG) and which is based on adiabatic quantum computation. The ASG paradigm is not meant to replace the standard quantum circuit model or to improve on it in terms of computational complexity. Rather, our goal is to provide a natural theoretical framework, in which quantum state generation algorithms could be designed. The new paradigm seems interesting due to its intriguing links to a variety of different areas: the analysis of spectral gaps and ground-states of Hamiltonians in physics, rapidly mixing Markov chains, adiabatic computation, and approximate counting. To initiate the study of ASG, we prove several general lemmas that can serve as tools when using this paradigm. We demonstrate the application of the paradigm by using it to turn a variety of (classical) approximate counting algorithms into efficient quantum state generators of nontrivial quantum states, including, for example, the uniform superposition over all perfect matchings in a bipartite graph.

Ahropologists working on the effects of New Reproductive Technologies (nrts) on Western societies have analysed the different ways in which these technologies make explicit, or even change, beliefs regarding kinship and relatedness (Bestard 1998; Edwards 1999, 2000; Franklin ...

Abstract. It is known that any two domino tilings of a polygon are flip-accessible, i.e., linked by a finite sequence of local transformations, called flips. This paper considers flip-accessibility for domino tilings of the whole plane, asking whether two of them are linked by a possibly infinite sequence of flips. The answer turning out to depend on tilings, we provide three equivalent characterizations of flip-accessibility. Résumé. Étant donnés deux pavages par dominos d’un mme polygone, on sait qu’on peut toujours passer de l’un l’autre en effectuant un nombre fini de transformations locales, appelées flips; ces pavages sont dits flip-accessibles. Dans ce papier, nous étendons cette notion de flip-accessibilité aux pavages par dominos du plan entier, en s’autorisant cette fois effectuer un nombre infini de flips. Dans ce cas, la flip-accessibilité dépend des pavages considérés et nous en donnons trois caractérisations équivalentes.

The molecular mechanisms responsible for the progression of malignant transformation in Barrett's esophagus (BE) are still poorly understood. This study was undertaken (1) to investigate the gene and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma (PPARγ), interleukin-8 (IL-8), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), gastrin, and its receptor (CCK-2) in the Barrett's epithelium; (2) to analyze the activity of NFκB in Barrett's esophagus with low-grade dysplasia; and (3) to assess the effects of PPARγ ligand (ciglitazone) and gastrin on cell proliferation in the cell line derived from esophageal adenocarcinoma (OE-33). COX-2, PPARγ , IL-8, HGF, gastrin, and CCK-2 expression levels relative to the control gene encoding GAPDH were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot in specimens of BE with low-grade dysplasia (n = 20) and compared with that in the normal squamous esophageal mucosa from the middle portion of the esophagus (n = 20). In vitro experiments included the incubation of cell line OE-33 with ciglitazone (1-15 µM) and gastrin (100 nM). NFκB activity in biopsies specimens was measured by highly sensitive ELISA. COX-2, PPARγ , IL-8, HGF, gastrin, and CCK-2 expressions were significantly increased in BE compared with normal squamous esophageal mucosa. NFκB activity was significantly upregulated in BE. Ciglitazone inhibited cell proliferation of OE-33 cells as assessed by BrdU and this effect was attenuated partly by gastrin. (1) COX-2, PPARγ , HGF, gastrin, and its receptor are significantly upregulated in BE, suggesting a possible role for these factors in Barrett's carcinogenesis; (2) the increased NFκB activity is probably linked to increased IL-8 and COX-2 expression; and (3) PPARγ ligands might be useful as a new therapeutic option in the prevention and treatment of Barrett's carcinoma.

lagon bleu du regard 1 , publié en 1991, Riel Debars, l'un des poètes majeurs de la littérature réunionnaise interroge les figures multiples et contradictoires de l'île et en vient à (se) poser cette série de questions : quelle est cette île au-dessus d'un océan sans mesure les sombres aurores emmêlent la terre et les eaux quelle est cette terre arrachée à l'espace de millions d'années-lumière (...) quelle est cette île flots bruissant d'eaux vives (...) quelle est cette terre sans terre cet univers de torrents impétueux et provisoires cette terre de révoltes brèves et violentes cet espace sans espace au-dessus d'un océan d'eaux mortes

L'educador/a social en el seu exercici professional pot arribar a esdevenir un tutor/a de resiliència. L'article intenta aportar algunes respostes a les preguntes que sovint es plantegen respecte els tutors de resiliència en l'àmbit social. Es poden identificar elements imprescindibles per a esdevenir un tutor/a de resiliència? Quins són? Sabem que en diverses pràctiques educatives, l'educador/a esdevé aquest tutor/a, en contextos plurals i entorns diversos. Per això presentem algunes propostes resilients que fan els professionals de l'educació social. Entenem la relació educativa des de la creença de la possibilitat de canvi i l'exigència i responsabilització de l'acció de l'educand, per poder entendre com és i des d'on treballa un tutor/a de resiliència. Finalment, veurem com els tutors resilients també han de facilitar i treballar des de diferents contextos resilients.

The TDT provides a hypothesis test for the presence of linkage or association (linkage disequilibrium). However, since the TDT is a single test statistic, it cannot be used to separate association and linkage. The importance of this difficulty, following a significant TDT result, has been recently emphasized by Whittaker, Denham and Morris (2000), who alert the community to the possibility that a significant TDT may result from loose linkage and strong association, or from tight linkage and weak association. To attack this problem we start with the parametric model for family-based allele transmission data of Sham and Curtis (1995) (or Sham (1998)) and find that the parameters in the model are not always identifiable. So we introduce a reparameterization that resolves the identifiability issues and leads to a valid likelihood ratio (LR) test for linkage. Since the linkage and association parameters are both of interest, we next introduce and apply an integrated likelihood (IL) approach to provide separate point estimates and confidence intervals for these parameters. The estimates are shown to have generally small bias and mean square error, while the confidence intervals have good average length and coverage probabilities. We compare the power of the IL approach for testing linkage and, separately association, with the TDT and LR.

We explicit the link between the computer arithmetic problem of providing correctly rounded algebraic functions and some diophantine approximation issues. This allows to get bounds on the accuracy with which intermediate calculations must be performed to correctly round these functions.

This paper looks at second-generation immigrants and the effects of 'inevitable' assimilation on their transnational ties. The dominant concept of transnationalism is strongly influenced by the experience of transmigrants moving back and forth between the sending and receiving countries or by immigrants involved in transnational activities. Research on second-generation Hindustanis in the Netherlands shows that their transnational ties are strong due to the ethnification of their community. However, their transnational ties are changing. The secondgeneration Hindustanis have a source culture and are developing new ties, while loosening relations with their parents' country. Thus, transnationalism is assuming new forms, calling for a typology of different forms of transnational relations.

In this paper we are interested in synchronous distributed systems subject to transient and ubiquitous failures. This includes systems where failures will occur on any communication link, systems where every processor will experience at one time or another send or receive failure, etc., and, following a failure, normal functioning resuming after a finite time. Notice that these cases cannot be handled by the traditional component failure models. The model we use is the communication failure model, also called the transmission failure or dynamic faults or mobile faults model. Using this model, we study the fundamental problem of agreement in synchronous networks of arbitrary topology with ubiquitous faults. We establish bounds on the number of dynamic faults that make any non-trivial form of agreement (even strong majority) impossible; in turn, these bounds express connectivity requirements that must be met to achieve any meaningful form of agreement. We also provide, constructively, bounds on the number of dynamic faults in spite of which any non-trivial form of agreement (even unanimity) is possible. These bounds are shown to be tight for a large class of networks, which includes hypercubes, toruses, rings, and complete graphs; incidentally, we close the existing gap between possibility and impossibility of non-trivial agreement in complete graphs in the presence of dynamic Byzantine faults. None of these results is derivable in the component failure models; in particular, all our possibility results hold in situations for which those models indicate impossibility.

Web pages from a Web site can often be associated with concepts in an ontology, and pairs of Web pages also can be associated with relationships between concepts. With such associations, the Web site can be searched, browsed, or even reorganized based on the concept and relationship labels of its Web pages. In this article, we study the link chain extraction problem that is critical to the extraction of Web pages that are related. A link chain is an ordered list of anchor elements linking two Web pages related by some semantic relationship. We propose a link chain extraction method that derives extraction rules for identifying the anchor elements forming the link chains. We applied the proposed method to two well-structured Web sites and found that its performance in terms of precision and recall is good, even with a small number of training examples.

Reference counting is the memory management technique of most widespread use today. Its cyclic version is used from implementations of languages such as Java to the consistent management of web pages. This paper introduces the concept of "critical link" to largely optimize cyclic reference counting.

« Identifications, projections et identifications projectives dans les liens precoces. La partition prenatale. » Les concepts d'identification, de projection et d'identification projective jouent un role princeps dans les consultations familiales parents/bebe. Ils sont aussi de precieux outils pour explorer la partition prenatale des subtiles interrelations entre les processus de parentalite et de naitre humain. A partir de son experience clinique, l'auteur elabore une hypothese: la definition classique des «identifications projectives pathologiques» correspond bien aux variations psychiques de la normale de la mere suffisamment bonne en debut de grossesse. Les angoisses de malformation de la grossesse permettent d'illustrer cette hypothese.

We consider problems of fault diagnosis in multiprocessor systems. Preparata, Metze and Chien (1967) introduced a graph theoretical model for system-level diagnosis, in which processors perform tests on one another via links in the system. Faultfree processors correctly identify the status of tested processors, while the faulty processors can give arbitrary test results. The goal is to identify faulty processors based on the test results. A system is said to be t-diagnosable if faulty units can be identified, provided the number of faulty units present does not exceed t. We explore here diagnosis problems for n-cube systems and give bounds for diagnosability of the n-cube. We also describe a simple diagnosis algorithm A which is linear in time and which can be used for sequential diagnosis as well as for incomplete diagnosis in one step. In particular the algorithm applied to arbitrary topology based interconnection systems G with N processors improves previously known ones. It has sequential diagnosability t A (G) ≥ ⌈2N

De nombreux modeles du stockage a court terme existent actuellement. La plupart d'entre eux concoivent l'existence de liens assez etroits entre attention et stockage a court terme. Cependant, le consensus est loin d'etre etabli quant a la nature exacte de ce lien. Dans ce texte, nous illustrerons la diversite des conceptions actuelles tout en montrant neanmoins qu'une part importante de cette diversite est due a l'utilisation de definitions theoriques parfois tres differentes et partielles de l'attention. Cette situation rend en fait la comparaison entre modeles relativement malaisee. Nous montrerons qu'aux moins deux aspects fondamentaux doivent etre distingues : le controle attentionnel et l'energie attentionnelle. Cependant, des sub-divisions encore plus fines seront necessaires pour apprehender de facon plus tangible les liens complexes qui existent entre attention et stockage a court terme.

Investigates the effectiveness and relevance of web impact factors (WIFs) for Indian universities’ websites. Reviews web impact factor as to how this link-based metrics is developed and is applied. Reports a case study on universities in West Bengal. SocSciBot 3.0 is used to generate link data in order to develop/form micro-link topology under study. Result shows that all the NIT s are closely related in the topology framework/their activities whereas nodes are not linked significantly for the case of state universities and central universities.

Les Technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) connaissent aujourd'hui un engouement sans pareil. La multiplication des accès hauts débits chez les professionnels et les particuliers ainsi que la contamination de toutes les activités sociales par le développement d'Internet contribuent à étoffer la culture de l'usage des dispositifs numériques de communication et de distribution d'informations. Une panoplie d'outils s'offre désormais au rapprochement et à la confrontation d'idées et de points de vue. La densité du réseau d'interactions qui se tisse à travers la prolifération de l'offre et la diversité des pratiques pose de nombreuses questions sur la relation des usagers au territoire d'appartenance et à celui dans lequel interviennent les échanges. Puisque ces interactions opèrent dans un monde dématérialisé, doit-on en déduire que nous serions dans une problématique de déterritorialisation ? Quel angle d'analyse privilégier : l'étude des relations au territoire ? postuler l'innovation en matière de territoire ? Cette communication se propose d'expliciter comment s'articulent, dans le cas concret d'un espace transfrontalier, le territoire géopolitique (la Grande région) et les territoires professionnels de chacun (le périmètre d'intervention). Nous questionnerons l'apport des TIC dans une coopération transfrontalière à caractère social. Nous verrons qu'outre la communication des résultats obtenus, elles interviennent dans le travail au quotidien et dans la mise en réseau des acteurs sociaux, donc dans la construction d'une culture professionnelle commune. Dès lors, les problématiques liées à la question du territoire et au rapport des individus au territoire reconfigurent les notions de proximité et de lien, donc les pratiques et les modalités d'échange entre les partenaires d'un même projet. Le projet Proximam-Lotharingie Proximam-Lotharingie 1 se propose d'élargir à un cadre interrégional une expérience initiée en Wallonie. Cette dernière consiste à favoriser la construction du lien mère-enfant, par le biais d'un accueil social visant à libérer ce binôme de son contexte habituel afin de préserver (de constituer, de protéger) une relation. Sollicité et soutenu par la communauté européenne, dans le cadre du programme Interreg III 2 , le projet rassemble une dizaine de centres d'accueil répartis dans trois régions limitrophes (Grand Duché de Luxembourg,

Background/Aims: While oxidative stress is a feature of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, the causal link between oxidative stress and inflammatory recruitment has yet to be demonstrated. We analysed the role of NF-kB redoxsensitive signalling pathway of inflammatory recruitment in experimental steatohepatitis. Methods: Mice were fed the methionine and choline deficient (MCD) or the control diet, with or without curcumin, an NF-kB inhibitor, for up to 4 weeks. Histopathology, lipoperoxides, NF-kB/DNA binding and expression of NF-kBregulated genes were assessed. Results: MCD-fed mice developed steatohepatitis accompanied by dramatic accumulation of hepatic lipoperoxides, activation of NF-kB and induction of pro-inflammatory ICAM-1, COX-2, MCP-1 and CINC mRNA. Curcumin significantly reduced MCD-induced inflammation but had no effect on steatosis or on the level of hepatic lipid peroxides. Curcumin prevented the MCD-induced activation of NF-kB and decreased downstream induction of ICAM-1, COX-2 and MCP-1. However, it failed to reduce activation of AP-1, MAPK pathways or CINC expression. Conclusions: Curcumin alleviates the severity of hepatic inflammation in experimental steatohepatitis induced by the MCD diet, an effect likely to be mediated via inhibition of NF-kB activation and dependent pro-inflammatory genes. The NF-kB pathway is one among several possible signalling pathways by which inflammation is recruited in experimental steatohepatitis.

We extend the Yang-Baxter cocycle invariants for virtual knots by augmenting Yang-Baxter 2-cocycles with cocycles from a cohomology theory associated to a virtual biquandle structure. These invariants coincide with the classical Yang-Baxter cocycle invariants for classical knots but provide extra information about virtual knots and links. In particular, they provide a method for detecting non-classicality of virtual knots and links.

The article focuses on the spiritual capital negotiated in the Indian-Indonesian networks of an Indian Hindu missionary currently living in Bali. These networks bridge different social groups and thereby foster-like the American mainline Protestant churches examined by Robert Putnam-the conditions for transnational community building and commerce. The value of spiritual capital is gauged against the backdrop defined by the rise of Hindu nationalism and a new economic agenda in India since the end of the 1980s. Parallel to these developments, Indonesian Hindus began to grow wary of the growing influence of Islam and Islamism in their country. T HIS ARTICLE ADDRESSES THE following overall questions: Is spiritual capital negotiated in Indian-Indonesian business networks? If so, what kind of spiritual capital is used as currency? And finally, how can we gauge the value of such spiritual capital? In tackling these questions, I have drawn upon relevant insights of Robert D. Putnam, which have been supported by the findings of the World Values Surveys 1981-2001, published by Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart in 2004. In his bestseller Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Putnam stated that social capital consists of "social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them" (2000, 19). It generates "capacity building for communities, just as the investment of economic capital is productive for manufacturing goods and services" (Norris and Inglehart 2004, 227). He furthermore claimed that "[f]aith communities in which people worship together are arguably the single most important repository of social capital in America" (Putnam 2000, 66). He then argued that American mainline Protestant churches in particular have played "a vital role in bridging diverse groups within local communities, encouraging face-to-face contact, social linkages, and organizational networks that, in turn, are thought to generate interpersonal trust and collaboration in local communities on issues of common concern" (Norris and Inglehart 2004, 227). The social capital provided by the mainline Protestant churches in the United States is particularly efficacious, precisely because their networks are "bridging"

In [26], henceforth referred to as Part I, we suggested an approach to the P vs. N P and related lower bound problems in complexity theory through geometric invariant theory. In particular, it reduces the arithmetic (characteristic zero) version of the N P ⊆ P conjecture to the problem of showing that a variety associated with the complexity class N P cannot be embedded in a variety associated with the complexity class P. We shall call these class varieties associated with the complexity classes P and N P. This paper develops this approach further, reducing these lower bound problemswhich are all nonexistence problems-to some existence problems: specifically to proving existence of obstructions to such embeddings among class varieties. It gives two results towards explicit construction of such obstructions.

We describe a software system, called just enough delivery (JED), for optimising single-copy newspaper sales, based on a combination of neural and Bayesian technology. The prediction model is a huge feedforward neural network, in which each output corresponds to the sales prediction for a single outlet. Input-to-hidden weights are shared between outlets. The hidden-to-output weights are specific to each outlet, but linked through the introduction of priors. All weights and hyperparameters can be inferred using (empirical) Bayesian inference. The system has been tested on data for several different newspapers and magazines. Consistent performance improvements of 1 to 3% more sales with the same total amount of deliveries have been obtained. Keywords Bayesian inference AE Feed forward AE Multi-task learning AE Neural networks AE Time-series prediction

The TDT provides a hypothesis test for the presence of linkage or association (linkage disequilibrium). However, since the TDT is a single test statistic, it cannot be used to separate association and linkage. The importance of this difficulty, following a significant TDT result, has been recently emphasized by Whittaker, Denham and Morris (2000), who alert the community to the possibility that a significant TDT may result from loose linkage and strong association, or from tight linkage and weak association. To attack this problem we start with the parametric model for family-based allele transmission data of Sham and Curtis (1995) (or Sham (1998)) and find that the parameters in the model are not always identifiable. So we introduce a reparameterization that resolves the identifiability issues and leads to a valid likelihood ratio (LR) test for linkage. Since the linkage and association parameters are both of interest, we next introduce and apply an integrated likelihood (IL) approach to provide separate point estimates and confidence intervals for these parameters. The estimates are shown to have generally small bias and mean square error, while the confidence intervals have good average length and coverage probabilities. We compare the power of the IL approach for testing linkage and, separately association, with the TDT and LR.