Landscaping, ornamental horticulture

The economic, environmental and social values of green areas allocated in urban centers are increasing due to the expansion of urban areas and the high competition for the space, main in big cities. The environmental value is due to the higher quality of human life promoted by green areas, as higher quality of air by increases relative humidity of air, increases water infiltration into the soil, reducing the problems with floods in big cities, and reduces the temperature, main in the ‘heat islands’. The economic value is recent and is a consequence of the implementation of carbon credits and the high quantity of new real estate development. Socially, because is connected with urban beneficial, main with the common uses and functional, as education, quality of life reduction of diseases, among others. However, the space limitation for green areas has been required more than the ornamental and environmental functions of landscapes. There are required that integration of ornamental plants with species with ecological functions, and that serves as shelter for wildlife, and plants that serves as food, integrating decoration with functionality in particular or public projects of landscaping, called functional landscaping. The uses of species with specifically function for the human and it environment must be a priority in modern architecture and in the contemporary landscaping
Keywords: urban centers, decoration, functionality, sustainability

In the hospitality business, providing a soothing atmosphere is critical for ensuring high rates of occupancy. Whether they are staying for business or for pleasure, guests want to be able to unwind with a minimum of distractions. Landscaping and interiorscaping have a lot of benefits and what they can do to boost the economy and occupancy rate of the hotel industry is tremendous. The study was conducted on five star hotels of Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR). It focused on the
features and practices of landscaping; the reasons for investing in and benefits gained through landscaping & interiorscaping and the awareness & perception of the occupants of the hotels regarding the landscaping. It was found that the main reasons for investing in landscaping and interiorscaping were to improve the image of the hotels, to reduce noise, for air purification, to attract more customers and to act as stress busters to occupants. The major landscape features installed in the hotels were plants, flowers, water elements, stones and rocks, sculptures, pavements, arches and pergolas, lights and turf grass. Most of the occupants were aware about the features and practices and perceived that the landscaping and interiorscaping acted as a stress
buster for them, increased the aesthetic beauty of the hotel, helped in wayfinding and signposting, concealed less attractive features, purified air and reduced noise in the surrounding areas. Landscaping and interiorscaping benefited the hotels by adding monetary gains through attracting more customers, extra premium for guests rooms with better interiorscape features and better views, banqueting on terrace gardens and use of recycled water for irrigating the plants.

Deteriorating air quality is peril to human health in urban areas. Vehicular traffic is the major contributor to air pollution in cities. Street trees, being nearest to the source, can effectively reduce pollutants from ambient air. Pollution tolerant species can be more effective in this process with minimal physiological damage to their system. Pollution tolerance of the abundant street tree species in Ludhiana was studied and most of them were found to have intermediate tolerance. 17.27 per cent of the trees were tolerant and 20.4 per cent were sensitive. The most abundant species, Alstonia scholaris was sensitive to air pollution and can be used as indicator. More number of pollution tolerant species should be planted in industrial and commercial areas which have higher pollution load.

In much of the English-speaking world, the lawn is the most common of all garden features. For arguably a millennium, it has played a significant role in the anthropogenic landscape and during that period, it has been inextricably linked with grasses. Nevertheless other plant species have accompanied the grasses and also been used in creating lawns. From medieval wildflowers to Victorian weeds, the plants that challenge the formal concept of the perfect lawn have journeyed with it but have until recently remained only small players within the dominion of grass. By the beginning of the 21st century, with a new environmental ethos permeating the garden, the long journey of the grassy lawn and its plant companions has led to the grass monoculture being heretically rethought: by removing both the monoculture and the grass.

‘Roseberry’ strawberry (Fragaria ·ananassa Duch.) is a day-neutral cultivar that produces attractive pink blooms and aromatic fruits all summer long. It has the added characteristics of producing flowers and fruits on stolons even before they root, which is very attractive in the garden. This cultivar is being released as an ornamental for home gardeners as a result of its pink-colored flowers and aromatic fruits. It was developed by the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) strawberry breeding program located at the Horticulture Research and Development Center in St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec. The cultivar is suitable for hanging baskets and/or groundcover.

The aim of the research was (1) to study effect of the straw-rice compost and mulch on the grwoth and yield of tomatoes. The research was conducted in 2x3 factorial design within a Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The first factor was P0 = without organic matter dan P1 = with straw-rice organic compost. The second factor was M0 = without mulch; M1 = Imperata mulch 5-7 cm, M2 = straw-rice mulch 5-7 cm. Research showed that (1) Straw-rice compost increased the plant height, root dry matter weight, branch dry matter weight, leaves dry matter weight, but it did not increase the fruit diameter.

Khanizadeh, S., Granger, R., Dube´ , C. and Groleau, Y. 2013. Jade crab apple. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 341342. Jade is a
winter-hardy, scab-resistant ornamental apple tree released by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Horticulture
Research and Development Centre (HRDC), for Quebec and eastern and central Canada. Its name, ‘Jade’, which is of
Spanish origin, is used because of the very shiny light green to yellowish ground colour of the fruits; Jade is named after the
first author’s daughter.
Key words: Malus baccata, ornamental tree, breeding

Khanizadeh, S., Granger, R., Dube´ , C. et Groleau, Y. 2013. Le pommetier Jade. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 341342. Jade est un
pommetier rustique, re´sistant a` la tavelure, homologue´ par le Centre de recherche et de de´veloppement en horticulture
(CRDH) d’Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada (AAC) pour le Que´bec, l’est et le centre du Canada. Le nom Jade,
d’origine espagnole, lui a e´te´ attribue´ en raison de la couleur vert clair a` jaunaˆ tre tre` s brillante de ses fruits et parce que le cre´ateur a une fille du meˆme nom.
Mots cle´s: Malus baccata, arbre ornemental, hybridation

The Boswellia pre-dominated woodland, belonging to the Combretum–Terminalia deciduous woodlands of the dry forests of Ethiopia, forms the largest vegetation cover and is widespread in the northern and north-western lowland part of the country. This paper has tried to review and discuss the current contribution of the Boswellia dominated woodlands and its main threats which contributed for its degradation based on different empirical studies. From the review it is understood that the Boswellia pre-dominated woodland represents important natural resources on which development could be based since it offer diverse products of commerce such as incense, wood and honey, and support to other economic activities such as fodder for livestock and soil conservation for crop farming. However, the annually cash income generated by households from the Boswellia woodland is only 1089.55 ETB, which is 18.32 fold less than that of the income from the agriculture. The low cash flow is shown to be due to policy restrictions on the engagement of the local people in producing and marketing frankincense, a principal product from the woodland. Such low cash contribution by the woodland motivated the local people to continuously clear and convert the woodland in to agricultural land. In lined with this, the structure of some of the important species in the woodland showed a hump shaped curve distribution, suggesting regeneration is severely lacking and the population is under serious threat in the long term. Therefore, the main conclusion of this study is that the Boswellia woodland, although worthy of sustainable management and utilization even on the basis of economic criteria, is continuing to suffer conversion to other land uses which offer benefits in the short term and in which farmers have more confidence in terms of economic benefits and ownership rights of the land. Therefore, to maximize the actual value of the Boswellia pre-dominated woodland, policies and institutions that govern access to and use of forest resources and their management need to be revised in such a way that the locals will have the legal right and the confidence to own or co-own the forest resources in their vicinity, and will continue to manage and utilize it.