Jade crab apple

CANADIAN JOUR NAL OF PLANT SCIENCE REVU E CANADIENNE DE PHYTOTECHNIE 9 Corvus Court , Canada 2E 7Z4 VOLUME 93 NO. 2 MARCH/MARS 2013 CULTIVAR DESCRIPTION Jade crab apple Shahrokh Khanizadeh, Raymond Granger, Claudine Dubé, and Yvon Groleau Can. J. Plant Sci. Downloaded from pubs.aic.ca by Agriculture and Agri-food Canada on 04/11/13 For personal use only. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Horticultural Research and Development Centre, 430 Gouin Blvd., St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec, Canada J3B 3E6 (e-mail: [email protected]). Received 11 June 2012, accepted 20 November 2012. Khanizadeh, S., Granger, R., Dubé, C. and Groleau, Y. 2013. Jade crab apple. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 341
342. Jade is a winter-hardy, scab-resistant ornamental apple tree released by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Horticulture Research and Development Centre (HRDC), for Quebec and eastern and central Canada. Its name, ‘Jade’, which is of Spanish origin, is used because of the very shiny light green to yellowish ground colour of the fruits; Jade is named after the first author’s daughter. Key words: Malus baccata, ornamental tree, breeding Khanizadeh, S., Granger, R., Dubé, C. et Groleau, Y. 2013. Le pommetier Jade. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 341
342. Jade est un pommetier rustique, résistant à la tavelure, homologué par le Centre de recherche et de développement en horticulture (CRDH) d’Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada (AAC) pour le Québec, l’est et le centre du Canada. Le nom Jade, d’origine espagnole, lui a été attribué en raison de la couleur vert clair à jaunâtre très brillante de ses fruits et parce que le créateur a une fille du même nom. Mots clés: Malus baccata, arbre ornemental, hybridation Origin Jade is from a Malus baccata L. Borkh. seed received from All Union Institute of Plant Industry breeding program, 44 Hersen Street, Leningrad, Russia, in 1959. It was imported by the AAFC Experimental Farm in Ottawa and was sent to HRDC after closure of the program in Ottawa. It has been under evaluation since 1976 at AAFC
HRDC, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec. It was tested under the selection name SJC59A79-01 at the substations in L’Acadie (lat. 458N, altitude 44 m) and Frelighsburg (lat. 458N, altitude 152 m), Quebec, for 30 yr on its own roots and also grafted on M.26 rootstock. The data presented here are collected from trees grafted on M.26 at the L’Acadie Substation. Description and Performance A randomized complete block design with four trees was used to compare Jade with Royal Beauty. The values are the averages of data collected from 2004 to 2008 from mature trees. Jade tree is vigorous with a spreading branching habit. The reddish-brown dormant 1-yr-old shoot is 3.5
5.3 mm thick with medium flexiblity; pubescence on the upper half is absent to very weak. The length of internodes at the middle third of the 10 measured shoots was 22
35 mm. It has few to a medium number (5
10) of small to medium-sized lenticels. The lateral bud is small Can. J. Plant Sci. (2013) 93: 341
342 doi:10.4141/CJPS2012-131 to medium-sized (2
3 mm), pointed, adpressed with a medium-sized support. The shoot growing tip is brownish-red, tip leaves concave to straight in cross section and absent to very weakly pubescent on the upper side and green on the lower side. The dark green leaf has no lobes and an upward to outward orientation. The leaf length is 8.7
11.4 cm, width is 4.6
6.4 cm and the length/width ratio is 1.9. The shape of the leaf apex is acuminate and margins are crenate. It is weakly glossy on the upper side and glabrous on the lower side. The leaf is yellow before falling and falls late in the season. The petiole length is 2.8
4.9 cm and the stipules are medium. Annual bud burst occurs around Apr. 28. The flower bud in full balloon stage is mainly greenish-white with a tinge of pink [Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) colour chart 57C]. The pedicel is green and the flower single. The oblong white petals are touching to overlapping at the base, with a diameter of 4.2
5.0 cm. Fruit of Jade is very small (B5.5 cm diameter) flat, symmetric in side view with medium ribbing and no crowning at the distal end. The medium-sized eye has an aperture half opened. The calyx is persistent and the sepals are long and touching at the base. The eye basin is broad in width and absent to very shallow in depth. The stalk is broad in width, shallow to medium in depth, and medium to long. The surface is smooth and thick. 341 342 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE Genotype Fruit Leaf Flower SJC59A79-01 (PGO-12) Can. J. Plant Sci. Downloaded from pubs.aic.ca by Agriculture and Agri-food Canada on 04/11/13 For personal use only. Royal Beauty Fig. 1. Jade (SJC59A79-01) fruits, leaves and flowers compared with Royal Beauty. The fruit has a yellow to light greenish ground colour (RHS 3C) with a medium to very high solid red (RHS 47A) over-colour (Fig. 1). The amount of russet is low around the stalk cavity. The small to medium lenticels are slight to intermediate in prominence; the fruit flesh is yellowish and the locules are open. The fruits are persistent. Jade is winter hardy to as low as 408C (the minimum recorded temperature during evaluation), and no sign of any pest or disease has been observed since 1976 on the original trees or those grafted on M.26 from 1999 to 2008. Area of Adaptation and Availability Jade is a winter-hardy scab-resistant crab apple suitable for northern climates similar to that of Quebec. Canadian Plant Breeder’s Rights have been issued (Certificate #08-6312) and limited quantities of indexed budwood are available for research purposes (universities and research stations) from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (North America) or from Meiosis Inc. (Europe) upon written request. Interested nurseries may inquire about ‘‘non-exclusive licenses’’ directly from AAFC in Canada or Meiosis Inc. in Europe (http://www.meiosis.co.uk). Royal Horticultural Society. 1995. Colour chart. Royal Horticultural Society, London, UK.