Kenaf

The present study was undertaken to investigate the comparative regeneration potential of seedling explants of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from
January, 2014 to June, 2014. An efficient regeneration protocol was developed for kenaf genotypes HC-2, HC-95 and HC-3 using root tip, cotyledon and hypocotyl as explants. For regeneration, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used as culture medium and supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of NAA (α-napthaleneacetic acid) and BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) as growth regulators. Different
concentrations and combinations of hormones for root formation NAA (0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.0 and 2.0 mg/L) and BAP (0.0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/L) were used. The HC-2 genotype had the highest root formation (40.86%) and HC-95 genotype had the lowest value 26.11% for root formation respectively. The root formation (49.67%) occurred the best
on 2.0 mg/L NAA + 7.5 mg/L BAP combination. On the other hand, hypocotyl explant showed the highest root formation (55.72%) followed by the other two explants (Root tip and cotyledon) which had root formation (0.0%, 50.38%). The explant from the hypocotyl of genotype HC-2 showed the best performance root formation (88.67%) in 2.0 mg/L NAA
+7.5 mg/L BAP combination within 7-10 days compared with genotype HC-95 and HC-3. The frequency of variation was found to be genotype dependent. Certain changes were found in regeneration of all the three genotypes, suggesting the existence of a mutation-sensitive part of the kenaf genome and possibility of improvement through somaclonal variation.

Natural fibers have the advantage that they are renewable resources and bio- degradable. These agricultural wastes can be used to prepare fiber reinforced polymer composites for commercial use. Application of composite materials to structures has presented the need for the engineering analysis the present work focuses on the fabrication of polymer matrix sandwich composites by using natural fibers kenaf and jute which are abundant nature in desired shape by the help of various structures of patterns. Here E-glass fibers are used to improve strength. This sandwich composite are Fabricated by simple Hand layup technique. In this composite produce more tensile strength than other composite materials like as banana, sisal, coir, etc.,, The mechanical properties (flexural strength, Tensile strength, impact, and compression) are determined by flexural test, tensile test, impact test, density test, and their results are measured on sections of the material and make use of the natural fiber reinforced polymer sandwich composite material for automotive seat shell manufacturing, marine like boat, ships panels and aero vehicles parts.

In a view to reduce the cost of production and the harmful destruction of our environment, so many research work has been conducted and still ongoing as to the possibility of using natural fibres that are wholly degradable in combination with biodegradable thermoplastic materials. This has shown significant result so far and this effort needs to be further consolidated so that our environment can be safe and saved from destruction. It is for this reason that this paper is geared through reviewing studied and published results and brings out converging problems associated with biodegradable composite and partially degradable ones so that these associated problems can be tackled in further research. This review however will focus on Kenaf; a very important natural fibre with robust mechanical properties. Good number of journal papers have been reviewed here that touch on cultivation of kenaf and its consequent effect, chemical treatment of natural fibres, matrix combinations, processing techniques, environmental effects on composite, critical fibre length, some works done on Malaysian cultivated kenaf and use of coupling agents to improve linkages between fibre and polymeric matrixes. Most of the studies so far discussed tend to arrive at the problem of wettability of the composites which inhibits further increase in fibre loading and consequent fibre pull-out. Various areas of further study have been highlighted to tackle the aforementioned problems in composite production.

In this review, the challenges faced by woven kenaf thermoset polymer composites in Malaysia were addressed with respect to three major aspects: woven kenaf reinforcement quality, Malaysian citizen awareness of woven kenaf thermoset composite products, and government supports. Kenaf plantations were introduced in Malaysia in the last two decades, but have generally not produced much kenaf composite product that has been widely accepted by the public. However, woven kenaf fiber enhances the thermoset composites to a similar degree or better than other natural fibers, especially with respect to impact resistance. Woven kenaf composites have been applied in automotive structural studies in Malaysia, yet they are still far from commercialization. Hence, this review discusses the kenaf fiber woven in Malaysia, thermoset and bio-based thermoset polymers, thermoset composite processing methods and, most importantly, the challenges faced in Malaysia. This review sets guidelines, provides an...

Bio polymers have more advantages compare to the ordinary polymers. in automotive components the usage of natural fibers increased to reduce the weight and increase the strength so that the fuel efficiency increases with out sacrificing safety of the structural components.. Designing the structures with the focus on improvement aspects is very important in the automotive industry. The goals are to increase the performance of the beams and also to find the solution to reduce the cost of beams hence able to reduce the production cost. The latest thermo plastic developments have resulted in higher material properties and more possibilities in the design of structural beams. However the use of steel, Aluminium, Glass mat thermoplastics (GMT), sheet metal components (SMC) structures becomes at higher cost than long fiber reinforced thermoplastics. This research is focused on partially eco-friendly hybrid long fiber reinforced thermo plastics with natural kenaf fiber to enhance the desired mechanical properties for automotive structural components. A specimen without any modifier is tested and compared with a typical beam material called LFRT. the results indicate that some mechanical properties such as tensile strength , young's modulus, flexural strength an flexural modulus are more advantages to LFRT , the new material also must improve the ability to absorb more impact load and increase the protection of the front car component..

In this research new protocol has been developed that would induce callus from anther and ovary of Kenaf. The haploid technique is a fast and efficient tool for developing new varieties in a comparatively short time. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of cold treatment, plant growth regulators (PGR) and culture condition on callus induction from Kenaf anther and ovary culture. Kenaf HF992 cultivar was chosen as an explants material, several trails were carried out to investigate the Androgenesis and gynogenesis ability before we succeed to get high percentage of callus. Flower buds at the appropriate stage of anther and ovary development were sterilized and the anthers and ovary were carefully excised from the flowers and underwent to various pretreatments and inoculated into media contained different combinations of PGR like NAA(a-naphthaleneacetic acid), BAP(N6-benzyladenine), 2iP(N6-(2-Isopentenyl) adenine) and TDZ (Thidiazuron)and kept in the dark place ...

The present study was undertaken to investigate the comparative regeneration potential of seedling explants of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) at. An efficient regeneration protocol was developed for kenaf genotypes HC-2, HC-95 and HC-3 using root tip, cotyledon and hypocotyl as explants. For regeneration, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used as culture medium and supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of NAA (α-napthaleneacetic acid) and BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) as growth regulators. Different concentrations and combinations of hormones for callus induction formation NAA (0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.0 and 2.0 mg/L) and BAP (0.0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/L) were used while, for shoot initiation BAP (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 and 12.0 mg/L) were used. The HC-2 genotype had the highest callus induction (59.14) HC-95 genotype had the lowest value 37.70% for callus induction. The callus induction (71.41%) occurred the best on 2.0 mg/L NAA + 7.5 mg/L BAP combination. On the other hand, hypocotyl explant showed the highest callus induction (60.52%) followed by the other two explants (Root tip and cotyledon) which had lower callus induction (41.27%, 53.49%). The explant from the hypocotyl of genotype HC-2 showed the best performance on callus induction (91.33%) in 2.0 mg/L NAA +7.5 mg/L BAP combination within 7-10 days compared with genotype HC-95 and HC-3. The frequency of variation was found to be genotype dependent. Certain changes were found in regeneration of all the three genotypes, suggesting the existence of a mutation-sensitive part of the kenaf genome and possibility of improvement through somaclonal variation.

Rapid development has led to increasing demand for sand, which is the main source of sand brick and other construction purposes. High demand and environmental issues contribute to the shortage of resources and continuous increase in the cost of the material. In order to overcome this matter, there is a need for replacement materials as alternative resources for fine aggregate. In Malaysia, a renewable resource from biomass that can easily be converted to aggregate material is the woody part of kenaf. It is commonly called kenaf core and is available in abundance after the processing of kenaf stem for bast fiber production. The investigations cover thermal conductivity, compressive strength, density, and porosity of Kenaf Core Quarry Dust Bricks (KCQB). Nine (9) types of samples of bricks, plates, and brick wall were prepared by varying the kenaf core contents. M1, M2, M3, and M4 were used as control samples while M5, M6, M7, M8, and M9 were variable samples with different percentages of kenaf core from 5% to 25%. Quarry dust was fixed at 75% for every variable mix and the balance of 25% sand was replaced by kenaf core at 5% intervals, respectively, until the portion of sand was zero. Based on all properties studied, it is found that the addition of kenaf core affected the thermal conductivity, density, porosity, and compressive strength value. Based on all the properties studied, the addition of kenaf core affected the compressive strength, density, porosity, and thermal conductivity. The compressive strength and density decreased as the kenaf core increased. However, the inclusion of kenaf core resulted in higher porosity. Meanwhile, the addition of a kenaf core from 5% to 25% as sand replacement improved the thermal conductivity values from 0.63 W/m• K to 0.42 W/m• K.

Mangifera indica showed highest percentage (100%) of mycorrhizal colonization in Rajshahi University Campus, Bangladesh that was used as a stock plant in pot culture experiment. These root pieces have the ability to serve as a source of mycorrhizal inoculum for crop plants. ...

Nowadays, due to renewable issues, environmental concerns, and the financial problems of synthetic fibres, the development of high-performance engineering products made from natural resources is increasing all over the world. Lately, kenaf fibre has been used among many different types of natural resources in various shapes. Unidirectional long fibres or randomly oriented short fibre shapes are the most common type of kenaf fibres that have been investigated in previous works. This work characterises and evaluates the physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of plain woven kenaf fabric and its composites with three types of thermoset resin at 0∘/90∘ and 45∘/−45∘ orientation, in order to assess their suitability as lignocellulosic reinforced polymer composites. A vacuum infusion manufacturing technique was used to prepare the specimens with fibre weight content of 35% ± 2%. Eight specimens were prepared for each test, and five replications were adopted. A total of 78 sample...

Nowadays, due to renewable issues, environmental concerns, and the financial problems of synthetic fibres, the development of high-performance engineering products made from natural resources is increasing all over the world. Lately, kenaf fibre has been used among many different types of natural resources in various shapes. Unidirectional long fibres or randomly oriented short fibre shapes are the most common type of kenaf fibres that have been investigated in previous works. This work characterises and evaluates the physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of plain woven kenaf fabric and its composites with three types of thermoset resin at 0°/90° and 45°/−45° orientation, in order to assess their suitability as lignocellulosic reinforced polymer composites. A vacuum infusion manufacturing technique was used to prepare the specimens with fibre weight content of 35% ± 2%. Eight specimens were prepared for each test, and five replications were adopted. A total of 78 sample...

An efficient regeneration protocol was developed for kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genotypes HC-2, HC-95 and HC-3 using root tip, cotyledon and hypocotyl as explants. For regeneration, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used as culture medium and supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of NAA (-Napthaleneacetic acid) and BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) as growth regulators. Different concentrations and combinations of Growth regulators for shoot initiation BAP (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 and 12.0 mg/L) were used. The HC-2 genotype had the highest shoot initiation and HC-95 genotype had the lowest value 18.83% shoot initiation. The shoot initiation resulted the best on 8.0 mg/L BAP. On the other hand, hypocotyl explant showed the highest shoot initiation (49.60%) followed by the other two explants (Root tip and cotyledon) which had lower shoot initiation (0.0%, 33.75%). Shoot initiation was observed the best on MS medium supplemented with 8.0 mg/L BAP in case of hypocotyl of genotype HC-2 (87.67%) within 7-8 days. The frequency of variation was found to be genotype dependent. Certain changes were found in regeneration of all the three genotypes, suggesting the existence of a mutation-sensitive part of the kenaf genome and possibility of improvement through somaclonal variation.

Mangifera indica showed highest percentage (100%) of mycorrhizal colonization in Rajshahi University Campus, Bangladesh that was used as a stock plant in pot culture experiment. These root pieces have the ability to serve as a source of mycorrhizal inoculum for crop plants. ...

In a view to reduce the cost of production and the harmful destruction of our environment, so many research work has been conducted and still ongoing as to the possibility of using natural fibres that are wholly degradable in combination with biodegradable thermoplastic materials. This has shown significant result so far and this effort needs to be further consolidated so that our environment can be safe and saved from destruction. It is for this reason that this paper is geared through reviewing studied and published results and brings out converging problems associated with biodegradable composite and partially degradable ones so that these associated problems can be tackled in further research. This review however will focus on Kenaf; a very important natural fibre with robust mechanical properties. Good number of journal papers have been reviewed here that touch on cultivation of kenaf and its consequent effect, chemical treatment of natural fibres, matrix combinations, processing techniques, environmental effects on composite, critical fibre length, some works done on Malaysian cultivated kenaf and use of coupling agents to improve linkages between fibre and polymeric matrixes. Most of the studies so far discussed tend to arrive at the problem of wettability of the composites which inhibits further increase in fibre loading and consequent fibre pull-out. Various areas of further study have been highlighted to tackle the aforementioned problems in composite production.